烟台师范学院体育教育专业学生的膳食营养情况调查     

史祝梅  王爱华  刘金玲 《山西师大体育学院学报》2004,19(3):89-91

对烟台师范学院体育教育专业80名学生的膳食营养状况进行调查。结果表明：膳食结构大致合理，多数营养素的摄入量能满足要求，但视黄醇当量、核黄素、Ca摄入量明显不足，男生抗坏血酸、Zn摄入量偏低。优质蛋白质摄入量偏低，早餐热能不足，男生能量分配基本达到要求，但女生碳水化物供能比例较低。建议应加强营养知识教育，倡导平衡膳食原则，以改进膳食结构。  相似文献   

少儿体操运动员专项训练中的生理负荷和能量消耗     

杨兴权  丁海勇 《上海体育学院学报》2001,25(2):72-74

采用测试方法，对少儿体操运动员专项训练中的生理负荷和能量消耗特点进行分析。结果表明，少儿体操运动员运动时的生理负荷和能量消耗，与训练水平、动作难度、机能状态等因素相关；认为，训练中应控制训练次数、间隙时间，同时应采用合理的膳食结构，保证运动员机体的热量供给。  相似文献   

＂Discover Diversities＂： A Trans-Inter-Disciplinary （SEMEP） Project for Different School Levels and Teachers＇ Training     

Miranda Pilo  Brigitte Gavio  Elda Scaldarella  Caterina Di Carlo  Daniela Martorano 《美中教育评论》2011,(1):73-82

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结合实际进行《营养学》知识教学的探索   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林芃  李清 《大连大学学报》2005,26(6):44-46

在大学里开设《营养学》课程,是学校素质教育的一个重要组成部分。注重培养学生营养意识,激发学生学习兴趣,采用开放式的考察方式等教学方法,都有助于学生运用科学的营养学知识指导生活和实践,建立科学合理的食物结构和自我保健意识,对全面提高学生综合素质至关重要。  相似文献   

河南省高校高职称教师BMI指数及饮食状况的调查与研究     

屈金涛  侯颖  李正春 《商丘师范学院学报》2011,(12):115-119

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,对河南省6所高校高职称教师群体的BMI指数和饮食状况进行了调查.结果表明：河南省高校高职称教师BMI指数处在正常范围内的占65.53%,体型偏瘦的占2.43%,超重的占31.07%,女性教师体质指数明显好于男性教师,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;高职称教师每天的膳食种类偏少,粗杂粮和蔬菜摄入量不够,对于营养保健知识的了解和掌握缺乏系统性和全面性.建议高职称教师群体关注合理膳食和运动锻炼对身心健康的重要性,改善生活习惯,同时有关部门应加强对高职称教师群体的健康教育.  相似文献   

论地理环境对广西饮食文化的影响     

黄薇  滕兰花 《南宁师范高等专科学校学报》2011,(6):24-26

广西的饮食文化有着浓郁的民族地域特色。受独特的地形地貌以及温暖湿润的亚热带气候等自然条件影响,这里适宜众多蔬菜、水果的种植,也适合多种动植物的生长繁殖,这些为广西饮食文化的食材提供了丰富的物质基础。由于广西气候炎热,形成了饮食好清淡、喜食酸、煲凉茶的特点。广西境内各民族的文化差异,亦对饮食文化产生影响。  相似文献   

Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity:Development of joint damage and metabolic set points     

Kelsey H.Collins  Graham Z.MacDonald  David A.Hart  Ruth A.Seerattan  Jaqueline L.Rios  Raylene A.Reimer  Walter Herzog 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):132-139,197

Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese.In recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators.Of note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of obesity.We wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances.Based on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group.The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group.Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups,we found,contrary to our hypothesis,that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups.Furthermore,we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group.Interestingly,when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers,no significant differences were detected between the HTS Adult and HFS Weanling groups.Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated,these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced.Moreover,increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet.  相似文献   

基于SIRT1轴的线粒体增殖和自噬通路探讨有氧运动对NASH大鼠脂肪性肝炎的影响     

赵军  史长征  徐晓阳  董合玲  栗原博 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(1):68-75

摘要：目的：旨在研究有氧运动抑制高脂饮食导致的肝脂肪变性、炎症和纤维化的效果,探讨有氧运动促进肝细胞线粒体增殖和线粒体自噬、改善脂肪肝细胞线粒体质量控制、抑制氧化应激的可能机制。方法：雄性健康SD大鼠随机分为普通安静组（ND）,高脂安静组（C）,高脂长期运动组（RE）,分别给予普通饲料或高脂饲料,高脂组前七周给予普通饲料,后16周给予高脂饲料。RE组大鼠进行跑台运动,25 m/min, 60 min/d, 5 d/周, 23 周。结果：C组大鼠发生脂肪性肝炎和肝纤维化,NAS评分、血脂、血ALT和肝MDA较ND组显著性升高,肝SOD活性较ND组显著性下降; RE组大鼠NAS评分、血脂、ALT水平和肝MDA含量较C组显著性下降,肝SOD活性显著性升高;肝细胞线粒体增殖和自噬调控相关的转录因子SIRT1、Parkin和LC3II的表达上,RE组较C组显著性升高;RE组肝细胞COX IV表达和线粒体膜电位较C组显著性增加。结论：有氧运动抑制NAFLD大鼠肝炎和肝纤维化的发生,其机制与促进SIRT1表达,改善线粒体自噬和增殖功能,减少ROS生成、抑制氧化应激有关。  相似文献   

有氧运动与补充茶多酚对高脂膳食大鼠糖脂代谢及炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的影响     

马涛  王法涛  单小忠 《北京体育大学学报》2011,34(6):63-67

目的:研究有氧运动和补充茶多酚对高脂膳食大鼠糖脂代谢及炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的影响,并探讨炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6在营养性肥胖所致的糖脂代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗中的作用。方法:3周龄SD雄性大鼠50只,随机分为普通膳食对照组(C组)、高脂膳食对照组(H组)、有氧运动组(HE组)、茶多酚组(HT组)和综合干预组(HET组)。C组以普通饲料饲养,其余各组均以高脂饲料饲养;HE组和HET组大鼠进行为期8周的无负重游泳训练;HT组和HET组大鼠每周6 D以1 g/kg体重剂量的茶多酚灌胃。8周后测试大鼠糖脂代谢相关指标及炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6。结果:与C组相比,H组大鼠体重显著增加,血清GLU、TC、TG和FINS显著增加,血清和脂肪组织中TNF-α和IL-6显著增加;与H组相比,HE组、HT组和HET组大鼠上述指标有所降低,而以HET组降低幅度最为显著。结论:有氧运动和补充茶多酚均可改善高脂膳食引起的糖脂代谢异常和胰岛素抵抗,且以联合应用有氧运动和补充茶多酚的综合干预措施效果最为显著。有氧运动和补充茶多酚对高脂膳食所致糖脂代谢异常和胰岛素抵抗的改善作用与其抑制脂肪组织炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的表达和分泌密切相关。  相似文献   

降体重对运动员健康和运动能力的损害及预防     

吴恺 《北京体育大学学报》2007,30(2):223-225

许多体育的参与者,如摔跤、体操和轻量级选手,试图通过降体重来达到最大相对肌肉力量.过快的降体重则通过饥饿和脱水等方式,这样有可能影响运动员的力量和耐力.该研究阐述了如果进行不健康的降体重可能有害于运动员的身体健康和运动成绩.对健康的降体重方式进行了讨论.  相似文献