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摘要：目的：考察社会支持对运动员投入的影响以及心理坚韧性和应对方式在其中的序列中介作用。方法：采用运动领域领悟支持问卷、运动心理坚韧性问卷、竞技运动领域应对问卷、运动员投入问卷对483名现役运动员进行调查。结果：1）社会支持对运动员投入有显著的正向预测作用;2）心理坚韧性与应对方式在社会支持与运动员投入之间起中介作用。结论：社会支持不仅能直接促进运动员投入，还可以通过心理坚韧性与应对方式的中介对其产生间接促进作用，具体包括4条中介路径：通过心理坚韧性的中介路径；通过任务导向应对的中介路径；通过心理坚韧性与任务导向应对的序列中介路径；通过心理坚韧性与脱离导向应对的序列中介路径。本研究构建的中介效应模型在一定程度上揭示了社会支持影响运动员投入的内在机制。研究提示，通过提供社会支持，将能增强运动员的心理坚韧性，促使其更多地采用任务导向应对，更少地采用脱离导向应对，进而促进运动员投入。 相似文献
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Helen St Clair-Thompson Rebecca Giles Sarah P. McGeown David Putwain Peter Clough John Perry 《教育心理学》2017,37(7):792-809
Mental toughness can be conceptualised as a set of attributes that allow people to deal effectively with challenges, stressors and pressure. Recent work has suggested that it may be a valuable construct to consider within educational settings. The current studies explored the associations between mental toughness and educational transitions. Study 1 examined the relationships between mental toughness and concerns about moving to a new school in 105 children aged 12–13 years of age. The results revealed significant relationships between several aspects of mental toughness, but particularly confidence in abilities, and children’s concerns. Study 2 examined the relationships between mental toughness and adjustment to university in 200 undergraduate students at various stages of their course. The results revealed a role for several aspects of mental toughness; commitment, control of life, control of emotion, confidence in abilities and interpersonal confidence. The results are discussed in terms of implications for educational practice. It is suggested that measures of mental toughness could be used to identify individuals who may benefit from additional support during transition to a new school or to university, and that future research should explore the potential benefits of mental toughness training. 相似文献
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目的：揭示不同剪跨比和配箍率的钢筋增强超高韧性水泥基复合材料（RUHTCC）梁的抗剪性能,为超高韧性水泥基复合材料（UHTCC）用于结构关键抗剪部位提供参考。方法：基于抗剪试验结果,阐明剪跨比和配箍率对RUHTCC梁抗剪性能的影响,明确UHTCC与箍筋之间的复合抗剪效应,揭示 RUHTCC 梁的抗剪机理。方法：以剪跨比和配箍率为变量参数,通过 RUHTCC梁在跨中集中荷载作用下的弯曲试验,研究RUHTCC 梁的剪切裂缝形态、荷载-挠度行为、破坏模式、开裂剪切强度和极限剪切强度等抗剪性能,并结合试验结果,分析 RUHTCC 梁的剪力传递机理。结论：1. RUHTCC梁呈现出优良的剪切抗力以及稳态的斜裂缝扩展过程和多缝剪切开裂行为。2.配置少量的箍筋可将典型的剪切破坏转变为较为延性的弯剪破坏甚至弯曲破坏。然而,箍筋的配置并未显著提高 RUHTCC 梁的抗剪能力,同时耦合UHTCC与箍筋也没有表现出协同抗剪效应。3.拉杆-拱模型和桁架-拱模型可用以描述RUHTCC短梁和细长梁的抗剪机理。 相似文献
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研究目的：通过准静态到动态的加载,研究以不锈钢点阵结构为芯材的夹芯结构的层间断裂韧性。创新要点：制备的夹芯结构不需要黏合剂,但是具有优异的面板-芯材界面性能;证明改良后的三点弯曲实验可用于研究夹芯结构在低速冲击下的界面性能。研究方法：采用改良后的三点弯曲实验（见图2）测试夹芯结构的面板芯材断裂韧性;采用低速冲击米测试夹芯结构的抗分层性能（见图5）和吸收能量性能（见图8）。重要结论：1．采用热压法制备的以碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料为面板,不锈钢点阵结构为芯材的夹芯结构不需要任何粘合剂;2．所得夹芯结构在受到准静态和动态三点弯曲加载时展现了优异的抗面板一芯材界面分层性能,断裂能达到5500J／m2;3．改良的三点弯曲实验可以用于测试低速冲击条件下夹芯结构的断裂性能。 相似文献
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BackgroundResearch on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity. In this study, we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.MethodsA sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes (69.35% male) between 15 and 25 years of age (17.60 ± 2.40 years, mean ± SD) completed the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport, Sport Motivation Scale II, and Mental Toughness Index. Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations. Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.ResultsLatent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence (i.e., approach vs. avoidance). Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals (regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed) reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.ConclusionResults indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation. Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes, avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals. 相似文献
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李伯军 《泰州职业技术学院学报》2005,5(1):43-46
通过土质学的原理及国内外相关标准的规定等方面的知识讨论土的目力鉴别的意义、理论依据以及鉴别方法等,介绍土的目力鉴别在土分类方面的应用及这个领域的一些发展情况.对如何执行<岩土工程勘察规范>(GB50021-2001)中相关的目力鉴别描述新要求进行探讨. 相似文献
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1 Introduction Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnology,digitalcontrolsystemsarewidelyusedinengineeringandresearch.InsomedigitalcontroldevicessuchasaGermanmadeWDWtestingmachineequippedwiththeDOLIsystem,however,duetoproblemsinsoftwareupdatingandlocalization,thefunctionareinsufficient.Forexample,thesystemsoftwareislimitedtothemeasurementofconventionalmechanicalproperty,incapableofmeasuringfracturetoughnessKICofmaterials.Asfracturetoughnessofmaterialsisanimportantparameterformaterialsev… 相似文献
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测试50Mn中强钢880℃淬火不同温度回火后的力学性能,探讨断裂韧性JIC与V型缺口冲击功AKV和预裂纹冲击功AE 之间的关系,认为JIC与AE之间有较好的线性关系. 相似文献