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【目的】 基于社会福利视角,运用经济学方法解析中文期刊数据库的定价机制,并提出中文期刊数据库发展建议。【方法】 通过构建期刊数据库需求函数,比较了4种类型数据库市场对社会总福利的影响;同时采用系统动力学分析方法,研究数据库独家垄断带来的锁定效应与负面影响。【结果】 以社会总福利最大化为目标,期刊数据库作为公共品由政府投资免费提供最优,其次为开放获取与同质竞争,垄断经营带来的社会福利最小;数据库商独家垄断还会带来锁定效应。【结论】 要提升社会总福利,政府须制定适宜的产业政策,抑制期刊的“独家授权”,鼓励高校自办期刊转向开放获取,推进第三方平台整合资源,探索由政府出资建立专题期刊公共数据库。 相似文献
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This paper argues that evolutionary thinking and modeling can contribute to the emerging research on sustainability transitions and their management. Evolutionary theory provides a range of concepts and mechanisms that are useful in making existing theorizing about transitions more precise and complete. In particular, we will discuss how the multi-level, multi-phase, co-evolutionary, and social learning dynamics underlying transitions can be addressed in evolutionary models. In addition, evolutionary theorizing offers suggestions for extending current theoretical frameworks of transitions. Group selection provides a good example. We review the small set of formal evolutionary models of sustainability transitions, and show that existing formal evolutionary models of technological, social and institutional change can provide useful inputs to transition research and management. 相似文献
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Paul Windrum 《Research Policy》2004,33(3):385-394
Netscape enjoyed a 90% installed user base for its Navigator browser in August 1995 while the market share for Microsoft’s inferior quality browser was negligible. By August 1999, Microsoft had captured 76% of the browser market. Extant theory has focused on late entrants’ ability to win standards competitions through the development of products with superior quality/price performance. Yet this does not explain Microsoft’s success. Microsoft succeeded by leveraging installed user bases across vertically related markets, from Windows to IE. To date, little or no attention has been paid to the leveraging installed user bases. This paper addresses this by developing an analytical framework, based on a coupled Polya Urn model, that captures the dynamics of the Netscape-Microsoft battle. The framework highlights the strategic potency of controlling a proprietary standard in a vertically related market. 相似文献
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Agricultural science and technology (S&T) is under great scrutiny. Reorientation towards more holistic approaches, including agroecology, has recently been backed by a global international assessment of agriculture S&T for development (IAASTD). Understanding the past and current trends of agricultural S&T is crucial if such recommendations are to be implemented. This paper shows how the concepts of technological paradigms and trajectories can help analyse the agricultural S&T landscape and dynamics. Genetic engineering and agroecology can be usefully analysed as two different technological paradigms, even though they have not been equally successful in influencing agricultural research. We used a Systems of Innovation (SI) approach to identify the determinants of innovation (the factors that influence research choices) within agricultural research systems. The influence of each determinant is systematically described (e.g. funding priorities, scientists’ cognitive and cultural routines etc.). As a result of their interactions, these determinants construct a technological regime and a lock-in situation that hinders the development of agroecological engineering. Issues linked to breaking out of this lock-in situation are finally discussed. 相似文献
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