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木兰科分类系统初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张冰 《中山大学学报论丛》1996,(2)
根据形态解剖学的主要特征，提出把木兰科分为木莲属、厚壁木属、华盖木属、木兰属、南美盖裂木属、香木兰属、拟单性木兰属、单性木兰属、长蕊木兰属、南洋含笑属、含笑属、合果木属、观光木属、鹅掌楸属等１４个属，并讨论了木兰科的演化途径 相似文献
2.
本文对我国原始木本被子植物木兰科中的木兰属Magnolia、木莲属Manglietia、含笑属Michelia、
合果木属Paramichelia、观光木属Tsoongioderdron、拟单性木兰属Parakmeria、鹅掌楸属Liriodendron、
华盖木属Manglietiastrum 8属代表种的核型进行了研究。各属代表种的核型公式如下:夜合Magnolia
coco 32m+4sm+2st(2SAT);灰木莲Manglieatia glauca 32m+4sm+2st(2SAT);合果木Paramichelia
baillonii 34m(2SAT)+2sm+2st(2SAT);观光木Tsoongiodendron odorum 32m+6sn(2SAT);拟单性木
兰Parakmeria omeiensis 56m+16sm+4st(2SAT);鹅掌楸Liriodendron chinense 32+4sm(2SAT)+2st
(2SAT);华盖木Manglietiastrum sinicum 28m+4sm+6st(6SAT);白兰 Michelia alba 34m+4sm(2SAT)。作者对木兰科核型进化问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
3.
对木兰科Magnoliaceae 13个分类群的染色体进行了计数, 其中落叶木莲Manglietia decidua、香港木兰Magnolia championii、馨香玉兰Magnolia odoratissima、香木兰Magnolia guangnanensis等12个种的染色体数目为首次报道。同时对木兰科属内属间的12个人工杂交组合的后代进行了染色体鉴定,其中,二乔玉兰红元宝Magnolia×soulangeana“Hongyuanbao” (♀,2n=4x=76)与云南含笑Michelia yunnanensis (♂,2n=2x=38)、红元宝与金叶含笑Michelia foveolata(♂,2n=2x=38)杂交后代的染色体为2n=3x=57,为其亲本染色体半数之和,证明这两个远缘杂交后代为真实杂种。 相似文献
4.
中国部分木兰科植物染色体数目 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作者观察了我国木兰科7属30种植物的染色体数目，其中23种为首次报道． 相似文献
5.
在扫描电镜下系统研究了木兰科10属52种成熟种子内种皮合点区形态。该形态分为孔型和管型两大类。孔型为内种皮合点区具一小穿孔。木莲属Manglietia、香木兰属Aromadendron、盖裂木属Talauma(8种)、南洋含笑属Elmerrillia和鹅掌楸属Liriodendron具此类型。管型由内种皮合点区向下凹陷形成的小窝和由窝底向外伸出的小管组成。华盖木属Manglietiastrum、盖裂木属Talauma(3种)、长蕊木兰属Alcimandra、含笑属Michelia、合果木属Paramichelia和观光木属Tsoongiodendron具此类型。在木兰属部分种中还观察到两种形态之间的过渡类型。上述形态特征在属内稳定并为木兰科植物所特有，而且明显表现出原始类群的合点区形态大多为孔型，进化类群的合点区形态大多为管型的特点。 相似文献
6.
木兰科分类系统的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
刘玉壶 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(2):89-109
A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed. This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology. Different authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I). Since I have been engaged
in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family. According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a
new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors.
The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic. In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan. Moreover, one genus
(Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region. The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world.
The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family. Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus. These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae. It is worthwhile discussing their morphological characters and
distributional patterns as follows:
The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel. This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae. Eighteen out of a total of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis and M. mega-
phylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang. There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole. The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central
China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas and northeast
India. The evergreen species are distributed from northeast Yunnan (China) to the
Malay Archipelago. In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primi-
tive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in
Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.
The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, an-
thers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few.
Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to
the second largest genus of the family. About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this
genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca, and M.
flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center
of the family under discussion) and extend eastwards to Taiwan of China, southern
Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China.
westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan
and radiate from there. The farther away from the centre, the less members we are
able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology. In this old geographical
centre there are more primitive species, more endemics and more monotypic genera.
Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan,
China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world. 相似文献
7.
比较了反射仪—K+试纸法(K+ts-fl)、原子吸收光谱法、ICP–aeS法测定烟株叶脉汁液中的K+含量的三种方法，确定反射仪—K+试纸法测定烟株钾含量的可行性及其最佳测定范围；在烤烟不同生育期，应用反射仪—K+试纸法对烟株叶片不同部位含K+水平的测定，确定其最佳测定时期及部位。研究结果表明，反射仪—K+试纸法与原子吸收光谱法、ICP–aeS法测定结果差异不显著，应用反射仪—K+试纸法进行烟株钾素快速诊断可行，且具有时间短，简单快速，易操作等优点。反射仪测定K+的稳定线性范围是0.30g/L~0.9g/L；在不同时期对烟株不同部位测定研究表明，最佳诊断部位为烟株第二平展叶叶脉基部2cm段。 相似文献
8.
利用组织透明法、石蜡切片法及薄切片法对木兰科10属82种1亚种植物叶片的结构和油细胞的
分布密度、结构及其在叶肉中的分布进行了比较研究。鹅掌楸亚科和木兰亚科在叶结构上的主要区别是：鹅掌楸亚科两种植物叶的部分下表皮细胞乳突状,且整个细胞外壁只形成一个乳突,而在木兰亚科植物中有单列多细胞或单细胞的表皮毛,却未发现乳突;鹅掌楸亚科植物叶主脉维管组织环分隔呈束状,且其外包被的纤维也排列成束状,而木兰亚科的80种1亚种植物中,叶主脉维管组织连成轮状,其外面也由一圈连续的纤维环所包围。从而支持木兰科中木兰亚科和鹅掌楸亚科两个亚科的划分。并且,从叶主脉的演化趋势来看,鹅掌楸亚科较木兰亚科进化。另外,木莲属植物叶片的结构与木兰属具有明显差异,因而进一步证明木莲属是不同于木兰属的一个独立的属。油细胞是木兰科植物叶片解剖的显著特征,在叶肉中的分布可划分为3种类型：(A)主要分布于栅栏组织;(B)主要分布于海绵组织;(c)均匀散布于整个叶肉中。油细胞的大小及其在叶中的分布与叶厚、栅栏组织层数、栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度间的比值以及下皮层的有无、表皮毛的类型、叶脉的结构等特征相结合,可作为属、甚至种的鉴别特征。 相似文献
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