Covid-19: Emerging Considerations for Body Sourcing and Handling. A Perspective View from Nigeria     

Izuchukwu Azuka Okafor  Terkuma Chia 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(2):154-162

The current Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has spread to about 220 countries of the world and has resulted in a significant number of deaths globally. Infections are still on the rise, and the impact on the global death rate could be devastating. There are fears over the likely impact of a large number of deaths on body sourcing and handling of cadavers for teaching and research. Historically, epidemics come with several challenges and have often led to some level of negligence of ethical practices and health and safety regulations associated with body sourcing and handling. The authors highlighted some emerging problems in this article, focusing on Africa and Nigeria in particular. These problems include a higher risk of coronavirus exposure for body handlers, shortage of cadavers for teaching and learning, a lack of standard regulations leading to unethical body sourcing and handling, and a lack of monitoring and collaboration needed for a well-coordinated Covid-19 pandemic response strategy. If these issues are ignored, the previous gains made in anatomical ethical practices may be destroyed. Some useful recommendations for policymaking geared toward prevention or curtailing these emerging issues have been instilled in this article.  相似文献   

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education     

Geoffroy P.J.C. Noël  Joseph Dubé  Gabriel Venne 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(5):675-681

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.  相似文献   

面向智慧知识服务的科技文献大数据体系建设     

吴振新  钱力  谢靖  常志军  许丽媛  赵艳 《图书情报工作》2021,64(24):63-72

[目的/意义] 探索构建文献情报大数据知识资源体系，支撑面向多领域的智慧知识服务。[方法/过程] 基于AI应用需求，借鉴业界经验，梳理现有资源体系的问题，从多层次多维度扩展资源体系；构建可靠数据处理流程和计算平台，支持高效数据采集和处理；研发智能化数据治理工具，实现知识资源的有效治理，确保提供高质量数据资源。[结果/结论] 已初步形成覆盖多类型、多学科的科技文献大数据知识资源体系，构建完成高度自动化的数据采集治理流程，实施多重数据质量控制，积累数亿高质量数据，且为多个知识服务提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

基于二模复杂网络的隐性知识发现方法研究——以潜在药物靶点挖掘为例     

李东巧  陈芳  韩涛  杨艳萍  王学昭  王燕鹏  Cynthia Liu  Yingzhu Li 《图书情报工作》2020,64(21):120-129

[目的/意义] 通过构建二模复杂网络模型，揭示隐藏在海量文献中的隐性知识。[方法/过程] 通过NetworkX复杂网络工具包，依据任意两个节点的共现关系构建二模复杂网络模型；对网络模型中节点的共现关系进行加权，计算网络的拓扑信息并进行AP聚类，提取节点间的直接关系；采用AUC方法对AA、JC、加权改进的wAA和wJC等4种链路预测算法进行评价，遴选出最合适的预测算法，并对复杂网络的隐性关系进行预测分析。[结果/结论] 以潜在药物靶点挖掘为例进行的实证研究结果表明，wAA链路预测算法为最优的链路预测算法；二模复杂网络模型、指标和方法体系在美国化学文摘社数据库中的药物靶点挖掘中具有一定的有效性。下一步计划在其他数据库中或其他研究领域中进行尝试，以进一步验证该模型的通用性和有效性。  相似文献   

图书情报学领域学科交叉及其国家差异的动态分析     

王思茗  滕广青 《图书情报知识》2020,(3):109-118,F0003

[目的/意义]领域知识的跨学科交叉研究能够打破学科间的壁垒,有助于发现重大科学问题的解决方案。[研究设计/方法]基于图书情报学领域文献题录信息构建轻量级领域知识图谱,从中提取学科信息、国家信息、时间信息及其关联,采用时间与空间相结合的多维度分析方法,对学科交叉的演化进程以及国家差异进行跟踪与分析。[结论/发现]图书情报学领域内学科交叉现象日渐显著,各国家的学科交叉程度与倾向存在差异,一些目前尚不突出的交叉学科方向值得关注。[创新/价值]采用多维度视角分析学科交叉现象,相关结论可以为国家科技战略制定及学科发展规划提供有益参考。  相似文献   

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource     

Thomas H. Champney 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(4):432-434

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.  相似文献   

Professional knowledge or motivation? Investigating the role of teachers’ expertise on the quality of technology-enhanced lesson plans     

《Learning and Instruction》2020

In an expertise study with 94 mathematics teachers varying in their relative teacher expertise (i.e., student teachers, trainee teachers, in-service teachers), we examined effects of teachers' professional knowledge and motivational beliefs on their ability to integrate technology within a lesson plan scenario. Therefore, we assessed teachers' professional knowledge (i.e., content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, technological knowledge), and their motivational beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, utility-value). Furthermore, teachers were asked to develop a lesson plan for introducing the Pythagorean theorem to secondary students. Lesson plans by advanced teachers (i.e., trainee teachers, in-service teachers) comprised higher levels of instructional quality and technology exploitation than the ones of novice teachers (i.e., pre-service teachers). The effect of expertise was mediated by teachers' perceived utility-value of educational technology, but not by their professional knowledge. These findings suggest that teachers’ motivational beliefs play a crucial role for effectively applying technology in mathematics instruction.  相似文献   

一种基于图卷积自编码模型的多维度学科知识网络融合方法     

李慧  胡吉霞 《图书情报工作》2020,64(18):114-125

[目的/意义] 针对包含单一类型知识单元的知识网络难以全面反映学科知识结构的问题，提出一种从多维度进行知识网络结构融合的方法，为学科领域知识结构挖掘提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 利用LDA及TF-IDF方法抽取学科知识单元，然后运用语义相似度和关键词共现分析方法构建3个学科知识子网络：主题网络、关键词网络和实体网络，并采用空间节点传递对齐方法对齐子网络节点，接着设计基于图卷积操作的自编码模型对知识节点进行表示，最后通过计算余弦相似度重构学科知识网络。[结果/结论] 实验部分以人工智能领域为例，构建融合主题、关键词和实体的学科知识网络并展开分析，实验结果表明，本文所提方法能有效地揭示学科领域研究内容和知识结构，为学科知识发现与组织研究提供有益参考。  相似文献   

科学解释在知识创新中的作用     

任晓明 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,38(2):6-8

科学解释是科学家用科学规律来消解自然之谜的知识创新活动，它在知识创新中的作用表现在：第一，科学解释具有预测未知现象的存在中未来事态发展趋势的功能；第二，它在建构新颖理论体系的过程中起着特别重要的作用。  相似文献   

奇效骨伤散在治疗老年运动性骨损伤中的应用     

程志  李祈谦  李映浩 《体育科技》2003,24(2):28-29

老年运动性骨损伤是近期逐渐增多的疾患 ,本门诊部近 1年半以来接诊此类病人 38例 ,应用外敷自拟奇效骨伤散为主进行治疗 ,可迅速使骨折端达到牢靠连接 ,解除制动进行功能锻炼 ,肢体功能恢复快。与常规骨损伤疗效相比 ,疗程显著缩短 ,具快捷安全、方便经济、适用范围广等特点。优良率达 10 0 % ,且无明显并发症及后遗症。  相似文献