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1.
Rocío Cupeiro Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez Enrique G. Artero Ana B. Peinado Idoia Labayen 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(13):1506-1515
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a relative age effect (RAE) on physical fitness of preschoolers. Anthropometry and physical fitness were assessed in 3147 children (3–5 years old) using the PREFIT battery. Based on the birth year, participants were divided into 3year groups (3-, 4- and 5-years). Within each year group, 4quarter groups were created: quarter 1, preschoolers born from January to March; quarter 2, from April to June; quarter 3, from July to September; quarter 4, from October to December. The MANCOVA analysis revealed a main effect of year group (Wilks’ λ = 0.383; F10,5996 = 369.64; p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.381) and of quarter (Wilks’ λ = 0.874; F15,8276.6 = 27.67; p < 0.001; ηp 2 = 0.044) over the whole battery of tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the existence of RAE at the preschool stage. In general, performance improved as the relative age increased (i.e., those born in quarter 1 performed better than those in the other quarters). Individualization strategies should be addressed within the same academic year not only in elementary or secondary years but also in preschoolers. 相似文献
2.
英国RAE与我国CDR同为评估机构为促进高等教育质量而实施的评估,均以学科为评估对象,对高校的科研质量进行的评估活动。但这两种评估活动在实施主体、指标体系、运行程序等方面均有很大差异。英国的高等教育质量评估工作在国际上享有盛誉,将其与我国的学科评估进行对比,探寻差异,可以为我国高等教育学科评估工作的完善提供借鉴。 相似文献
3.
英国从1986年开始实行高校科研评估,四到五年进行一次,已经在1986、1989、1992、1996和2001年进行了5次,即将进行第6次评估。英国的高校科研评估从研究成果、研究环境、受同行尊重方面对高校的科研水平进行评估,评估结果与拨款直接挂钩。高校科研评估对英国高等教育发展产生了很大影响,既有正面的也有负面的。通过对英国高校科研评估提出的背景、内容、过程、指标和标准等方面进行较为全面的分析,研究揭示了英国高校科研评估的优缺点,以及对我国开展高校科研评估的借鉴意义. 相似文献
4.
在分析2001年英国大学科研水平评估(RAE)构成机构、评估标准、运作程序以及评估结果与科研拨款之间的换算公式等内容的基础上,结合我国大学开展科研评估工作过程中存在的一些具体问题,诸如扶持评估中介机构、学科评估以及增强信度等方面提出一些建设性的意见。 相似文献
5.
《Journalism Practice》2013,7(1):34-50
The field of journalism studies is growing globally, and the training of journalists is increasingly conducted within higher education institutions at both undergraduate and postgraduate level, even in countries that previously eschewed university education of journalists. Journalism studies goes beyond the training and education of journalists to encompass scholarly inquiry into journalism. Much teaching of journalism within universities is now conducted by journalists who have switched to the academy and become known as “hackademics”. This article explores the extent to which such journalists-turned-journalism-educators also contribute to a deeper understanding of journalism by engaging in scholarly research. It is based on an empirical study of 65 hackademics in the United Kingdom and Ireland, whose experiences of academic research into journalism will be discussed within the context of the international literature. 相似文献
6.
In both the UK and Australia there has been a recent move to use citation analysis in the evaluation of the research of individuals. In particular, the future UK Research Excellence Framework (REF), proposes using citation data in the research evaluation of articles published as recently as the year prior to the evaluation. In response to this move, this research develops an indicator at the level of individual articles that, when normalized, can supplement peer review. The new hybrid indicator is the weighted sum of two indicators in common usage: the article’s total number of citations in a citation window, and the Impact Factor of the journal in which the article was published. This research compares this new indicator with the article’s total number of citations in a longer citation window (the standard indicator of article impact). For citation windows of 0 or 1 years, the correlation of the simplified weighted sum with long-term citation is substantially higher than the correlation of the standard indicator of article citation with long-term citation. Moreover, for citation windows of as long as 3 years the standard indicator of citation correlates significantly with the month of publication, in that articles published earlier in the year are on average more highly cited than those published later in the year. By contrast, the skewing of the simplified weighted sum towards articles published early in the year is considerably less than that of the standard indicator. 相似文献
7.
Susana María Gil Jon Zabala-Lili Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona Badiola Aduna Jose Antonio Lekue Jordan Santos-Concejero 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1931-1939
AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the talent identification process of a professional soccer club. A preselection of players (n = 64) aged 9–10 years and a final selection (n = 21) were performed by the technical staff through the observation during training sessions and matches. Also, 34 age-matched players of an open soccer camp (CampP) acted as controls. All participants underwent anthropometric, maturity and performance measurements.Preselected outfield players (OFs) were older and leaner than CampP (P < 0.05). Besides, they performed better in velocity, agility, endurance and jump tests (P < 0.05). A discriminant analysis showed that velocity and agility were the most important parameters. Finally, selected OFs were older and displayed better agility and endurance compared to the nonselected OFs (P < 0.05). Goalkeepers (GKs) were taller and heavier and had more body fat than OFs; also, they performed worse in the physical tests (P < 0.05). Finally, selected GKs were older and taller, had a higher predicted height and advanced maturity and performed better in the handgrip (dynamometry) and jump tests (P < 0.05).Thus, the technical staff selected OFs with a particular anthropometry and best performance, particularly agility and endurance, while GKs had a different profile. Moreover, chronological age had an important role in the whole selection process. 相似文献
8.
The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise in the UK involved the peer review of over 12,500 research outputs in Business and Management, of which 92% were journal articles. Each output was graded on a 4-point scale from “world leading” to “national” with a fifth point being unclassified. These grades were accumulated for each department to provide an overall quality profile in terms of the proportions of its outputs in each category. The assessments of individual papers were not made public but the papers submitted by each department were. This data provides a major opportunity for addressing issues of concern about the evaluation of research and the effects of journal rankings, as well as the possibility of reconstructing the judgements made by the Panel about journal quality. Given the submission details and the resulting grade profile for each department, we have used linear programming to produce the best estimate of the grades awarded to papers from each journal that had more than three entries. This provides both a grade profile for each journal and a single quality estimate. The results are shown to have good validity in comparison with other journal rankings. Apart from providing a ranking of 700 journals based on the RAE results, the paper is also able to shed light on issues such as the accuracy and coverage of the ABS ranking; the degree of selectivity of submissions; the dispersion of grades for a journal; and differences between different subject areas. 相似文献
9.
Performance-based university research funding systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Diana Hicks 《Research Policy》2012,41(2):251-261
The university research environment has been undergoing profound change in recent decades and performance-based research funding systems (PRFSs) are one of the many novelties introduced. This paper seeks to find general lessons in the accumulated experience with PRFSs that can serve to enrich our understanding of how research policy and innovation systems are evolving. The paper also links the PRFS experience with the public management literature, particularly new public management, and understanding of public sector performance evaluation systems. PRFSs were found to be complex, dynamic systems, balancing peer review and metrics, accommodating differences between fields, and involving lengthy consultation with the academic community and transparency in data and results. Although the importance of PRFSs seems based on their distribution of universities’ research funding, this is something of an illusion, and the literature agrees that it is the competition for prestige created by a PRSF that creates powerful incentives within university systems. The literature suggests that under the right circumstances a PRFS will enhance control by professional elites. PRFSs since they aim for excellence, may compromise other important values such as equity or diversity. They will not serve the goal of enhancing the economic relevance of research. 相似文献
10.
影响英国大学科研评估制度诞生的宏观因素包括大学的自治传统、新公共管理思潮、撒切尔主义和高等教育大众化。科研评估在1986年诞生之后,出现了"路径依赖"现象,而该制度路径选择的实质是对当时英国经济领域市场化改革路径的依赖。2008年是英国大学科研评估的"关键节点",此制度被卓越科研框架取而代之。 相似文献