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不同品系小鼠自发活动特点及中枢抑制药新评价模型 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
目的用开场实验研究NIH、ICR、昆明种小鼠自发活动特点,并以戊巴比妥为工具药建立药物中枢抑制作用新的评价模型.方法用开场实验观察小鼠进入新环境的自发活动特点,并用计算机图像处理系统记录,分析小鼠30 min内的活动轨迹,观察不同时间段的总路程、中央逗留时间、中央路程3个参数.还观察了腹腔注射不同剂量戊巴比妥对自发活动特点的影响.结果各种小鼠总路程在前10 min明显大于后20 min (P < 0.001) ;中央逗留时间和中央路程变化较小,但存在一定的品系和昼夜差异.戊巴比妥可减少ICR和NIH小鼠(昆明种小鼠无效)的总路程,但无典型的量效关系;但可剂量依赖性减少各种小鼠中央逗留时间和中央路程(P < 0.01).结论本实验建立的方法能反映小鼠自发活动特点,并可用于评价中枢抑制药作用,其中中央逗留时间和中央路程是稳定、敏感的指标. 相似文献
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Bronagh McGrane Sarahjane Belton Danielle Powell Johann Issartel 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(17):1709-1714
This study aims to assess fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, physical self-confidence levels, and the relationship between these variables and gender differences among adolescents. Three hundred and ninety five adolescents aged 13.78 years (SD = ±1.2) from 20 schools were involved in this study. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD), TGMD-2 and Victorian Skills Manual were used to assess 15 FMS. Participants’ physical self-confidence was also assessed using a valid skill-specific scale. A significant correlation was observed between FMS proficiency and physical self-confidence for females only (r = 0.305, P < 0.001). Males rated themselves as having significantly higher physical self-confidence levels than females (P = 0.001). Males scored significantly higher than females in FMS proficiency (P < 0.05), and the lowest physical self-confidence group were significantly less proficient at FMS than the medium (P < 0.001) and high physical self-confidence groups (P < 0.05). This information not only highlights those in need of assistance to develop their FMS but will also facilitate in the development of an intervention which aims to improve physical self-confidence and FMS proficiency. 相似文献
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Christopher Carling Paul Bradley Alan McCall Gregory Dupont 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2215-2223
ABSTRACTThis study investigated variability in competitive high-speed running performance in an elite soccer team. A semi-automated tracking system quantified running performance in 12 players over a season (median 17 matches per player, 207 observations). Variability [coefficient of variation (CV)] was compared for total sprint distance (TSD, >25.2 km/h), high-speed running (HSR, 19.8–25.2 km/h), total high-speed running (THSR, ≥19.8 km/h); THSR when the team was in and out of ball possession, in individual ball possession, in the peak 5 min activity period; and distance run according to individual maximal aerobic speed (MAS). Variability for % declines in THSR and distance covered at ≥80% MAS across halves, at the end of play (final 15 min vs. mean for all 15 min periods) and transiently (5 min period following peak 5 min activity period), was analysed. Collectively, variability was higher for TSD versus HSR and THSR and lowest for distance run at ≥80% MAS (CVs: 37.1%, 18.1%, 19.8% and 11.8%). THSR CVs when the team was in/out of ball possession, in individual ball possession and during the peak 5 min period were 31.5%, 26.1%, 60.1% and 23.9%. Variability in THSR declines across halves, at the end of play and transiently, ranged from 37.1% to 142.6%, while lower CVs were observed in these metrics for running at ≥80% MAS (20.9–53.3%).These results cast doubt on the appropriateness of general measures of high-speed activity for determining variability in an elite soccer team, although individualisation of HSR thresholds according to fitness characteristics might provide more stable indicators of running performance and fatigue occurrence. 相似文献
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AbstractCoordination of dynamic interceptive movements is predicated on cyclical relations between an individual’s actions and information sources from the performance environment. To identify dynamic informational constraints, which are interwoven with individual and task constraints, coaches’ experiential knowledge provides a complementary source to support empirical understanding of performance in sport. In this study, 15 expert coaches from 3 sports (track and field, gymnastics and cricket) participated in a semi-structured interview process to identify potential informational constraints which they perceived to regulate action during run-up performance. Expert coaches’ experiential knowledge revealed multiple information sources which may constrain performance adaptations in such locomotor pointing tasks. In addition to the locomotor pointing target, coaches’ knowledge highlighted two other key informational constraints: vertical reference points located near the locomotor pointing target and a check mark located prior to the locomotor pointing target. This study highlights opportunities for broadening the understanding of perception and action coupling processes, and the identified information sources warrant further empirical investigation as potential constraints on athletic performance. Integration of experiential knowledge of expert coaches with theoretically driven empirical knowledge represents a promising avenue to drive future applied science research and pedagogical practice. 相似文献
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Carmen van Veen Nadja Schott Natalie Lander Maike Tietjens Trina Hinkley Dennis Dreiskämper 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2020,24(1):74-80
ABSTRACTChildren’s positive perceived motor competence (PMC) provides motivation for physical activity. Theoretically young children (<8 years) have inflated PMC but as children cognitively develop, perceptions are hypothesized to decrease. This study investigated strength of PMC association over time, whether any change was negative (i.e. PMC decreased) and sex differences. A total of 198 children participated, 88 (44.4%) girls and 110 (55.6%) boys, aged 8.37–11.3 years at time point one (T1). Test–retest reliability using intraclass correlation was moderate for locomotor and moderate-to-good for object control perception. Hierarchical regression analysis showed PMC at T1 positively predicted significant variance one year later (T2) for locomotor (23.1%) and object control skill (5 items: 37.7%; 7 items: 39.9%). Whilst boys and girls differed on perception level there was no interaction between PMC and sex. Incongruent with previous theoretical perspectives this study identified stability in children’s PMC across an important developmental period. 相似文献
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Suzanne Houwen Chris Visscher Esther Hartman Koen A.P.M. Lemmink 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):16-23
Gross motor skill performance of children with visual impairments and its association with the degree of visual impairment and sports participation was examined. Twenty children with visual impairments (M age = 9.2 years, SD =1.5) and 100 sighted children (M age = 9.1 years, SD = 1.5) from mainstream schools participated. The results showed that children with visual impairments had significantly lower object control but not locomotor skill scores than the sighted children. No significant differences were found between children with a moderate and severe visual impairment. Children with visual impairments who participated in sports had significantly higher object control skill scores than those who did not. No significant associations between motor skills and sports participation were found in the sighted children. 相似文献
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《运动解剖学-运动系统》实验课多媒体辅助教学课件的制作 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吴绍趁 《广州体育学院学报》2005,25(2):67-68,31
多媒体课件作为一种新型的教学手段在各学科的教学中已得到广泛的应用。本文根据《运动解剖学》实验课的特点，制作直观生动、操作方便及信息含量大的多媒体辅助教学课件，以探索其实验课的多媒体辅助教学方法。 相似文献
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摘要：目的：以我国幼儿园普遍开展的韵律性身体活动为切入点,尝试将幼儿阶段应掌握的基本动作技能融入到活动中,比较动作发展视角的韵律性身体活动与一般性的韵律性身体活动效果的差异,为促进幼儿动作发展进行实证探索。方法：采用教学实验法,将289名受试对象以班级为单位,随机分为实验组与对照组。实验组共142人,对照组共147人。实验组进行动作发展视角的韵律性身体活动,每天累计活动时间为20-30 min,运动干预周期为1年。对照组除了进行一般性的韵律性身体活动外,其他所有实验条件与实验组均相同。结果：1）经过动作发展视角的韵律性身体活动干预后,实验组幼儿粗大动作发展水平总得分、移动动作得分、操作动作得分均显著高于运动干预前得分（P<0.01）,且各年龄组各具体动作得分基本上都有明显提高,发展水平较为均衡。2）实验组与对照组幼儿粗大动作发展总体水平在运动干预前无显著差异（P>0.05）。运动干预后,实验组幼儿粗大动作发展总体水平明显高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论：动作发展视角的韵律性身体活动能够有效地提高幼儿粗大动作发展水平,且此方面的效果优于一般性的韵律性身体活动。在韵律性身体活动中必须强调基本动作技能的学习,采用重复、变异等练习方式,促使幼儿掌握这些基本动作模式。 相似文献
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