排序方式： 共有21条查询结果，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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范育飞 《体育成人教育学刊》2011,27(4):69-70
利用Con-Trex等速肌力测试与训练系统,以180°/s、120°/s、60°/s的3种角速度对13名男子优秀自行车运动员和13名女子优秀自行车运动员左腿髋关节进行等速向心收缩测试。获得了相应的等速向心收缩的伸屈肌峰值力矩、伸屈肌总功、伸屈肌平均功率等指标,并结合项目特点分析各角速度下指标的差异。 相似文献
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Cyclists regularly change from a seated to a standing position when the gradient increases during uphill cycling. The aim of this study was to analyse the physiological and biomechanical responses between seated and standing positions during distance-based uphill time trials in elite cyclists. Thirteen elite cyclists completed two testing sessions that included an incremental-specific cycling test on a cycle ergometer to determine VO2max and three distance-based uphill time trials in the field to determine physiological and biomechanical variables. The change from seated to standing position did not influence physiological variables. However, power output was increased by 12.6% in standing position when compared with seated position, whereas speed was similar between the two positions. That involved a significant increase in mechanical cost and tangential force (Ftang) on the pedal (+19% and +22.4%, respectively) and a decrease (?8%) in the pedalling cadence. Additionally, cyclists spent 22.4% of their time in the standing position during the climbing time trials. Our findings showed that cyclists alternated between seated and standing positions in order to maintain a constant speed by adjusting the balance between pedalling cadence and Ftang. 相似文献
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Andrea Giorgi Maurizio Vicini Luca Pollastri Erica Lombardi Emilio Magni Andrea Andreazzoli 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(22):2608-2613
Bioelectrical impedance vector-analysis (BIVA) describes cell-mass, cell function and hydration status of an individual or a group. The goal of the present investigation was to provide bioelectrical impedance data for 525 male road cyclists (155 professionals, 79 elite, 59 elite-youth, and 232 amateurs) at the time of their optimal performance level. Data were plotted on the resistance-reactance (R-Xc) graph to characterize cyclists group vectors using BIVA. Compared to the general male population, the mean vector position of the road cyclists indicates a higher body cell mass (BCM) and phase angle (p<0.001). The vector position of the high-performance, compared to the amateur cyclists showed similar patterns with higher BCM and phase angles and higher reactance values for the high-performance athletes (p<0.001). The bio-impedance data were used to calculate the 50%, 75%, and 95% tolerance ellipses of each group of cyclists. The characteristic vector positions of the road cyclists indicate normal hydration and greater muscle mass and function of the high-performance cyclists compared to amateur cyclists and the normal population. The cyclists specific tolerance ellipses, particularly the high-performance cyclists might be used for classifying a cyclist according to the individual vector position and to define target vector regions for lower level cyclists. 相似文献
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A 30‐s ‘all‐out’ power protocol was studied in four groups of racing cyclists including internationals (n = 8), Category 1 (n = 10), Category 2 (n = 15) and Category 3 (n = 11). Following warm‐up each subject completed five trials interspersed by 3 min of low intensity exercise on an ergowheel racing cycle ergometry system at a power output of 15 W kg–1 body weight, generated at 130 rev min–1. Temporal indices of performance included delay time (DT) to achieve the power criterion, total time (TT) of the maintenance of the power criterion and the ratio of TT/DT. ‘Explosive’ leg strength was assessed from a vertical jump. The results indicated that international and Category 1 cyclists had lower DT (2.2 ± 0.1s and 2.1 +0.0s, respectively; P<0.05), higher TT (28.1 ±0.7s and 27.0+0.7s, respectively; P<0.05) and elevated TT/DT (12.8 and 12.9, respectively; P<0.01). ‘Explosive’ leg strength was also higher (P<0.05) in the internationals than in the other groups of cyclists. The protocol provides a sport‐related method for the assessment of short term endurance performance ability in racing cyclists which may be of value in identifying the anaerobic capability of individual cyclists. 相似文献
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Abstract The study investigated the absolute and relative (% maximal) physiological demands of constant power output at three pedal rates chosen to incorporate the range used by racing cyclists. Following the assessment of maximal exercise capabilities utilizing a recently developed racing cycle ergometry system, ten highly trained racing cyclists undertook a randomized sequence of work bouts at low (70.0 ± 1.1), medium (94.8 ± 0.8) and high (126.5 ± 1.1) pedal rates per minute at constant power output under an unloaded (free wheel) condition and under a loaded (196.2 ± 8.0 W) condition which demanded approximately 75% VO2 max. In both the unloaded and loaded conditions absolute cardiorespiratory demands of work at the highest pedal rate were significantly higher than those at the low and medium pedal rates (P<0.05). Similarly, the relative (% max) cardiorespiratory demands of unloaded work at the highest pedalling rate were significantly greater that at low and medium pedal rates (P < 0.05). There were clear, but nonsignificant trends of elevated relative cardiorespiratory demands during loaded work at the highest pedal rate, compared with low and medium pedal rates. Furthermore, net muscular efficiency demonstrated a significant decline (P<0.01) at the highest pedalling rate (21.2%) compared with the medium (24.0%) and low (25.6%) pedalling rates, confirming that metabolic economy of constant power output declined with increased pedalling rate under simulated racing cycling conditions. 相似文献
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在长期的运动训练实践中,人们发现对于已经经过长期训练的耐力运动员来说,次最大强度训练对他们的运动成绩和相关生理指标的提高作用甚少,好像只有通过高强度的间歇训练才能提高他们的运动成绩.本文对高水平耐力项目自行车运动员高强度间歇训练方案中所涉及的内容及研究进展加以总结和展望,以期对今后优秀耐力项目自行车运动员的训练和研究有所帮助. 相似文献
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目的：为了解青少年自行车运动员的营养膳食现状,对大连市陆上运动学校的20名女子青少年（14—17岁）自行车运动员进行膳食调查,分析运动员的营养状况,为青少年女运动员营养干预打好基础。方法：采用2dh膳食回顾调查法,对运动员一周的每日每餐进食的时间、食物种类、重量进行调查,用“运动员及大众膳食营养分析与管理系统”软件对一周膳食的营养成分进行分析。结果显示：女子青少年自行车运动员能量、矿物质、维生素及膳食纤维的摄人量均低于软件推荐摄入量;碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质摄入比例适当;平均每日钙、铁、锌的植物性食物摄人多于动物性食物;从食物结构看,三大营养素能量分布食物来源不均衡,平均每日摄人的谷类食物较多。 相似文献
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对河北省体育局自行运动管理中心的5名一级和12名集训自行车运动员进行安静心电图测试,探索不同运动水平自行车运动员的安静心电图特征。结果显示:一级自行车运动员平均安静心率为50.8±9.42次/min,集训运动员平均安静心率为59.8±4.12次/min,不同运动水平运动员之间心率具有显著性差异;整体窦性心动过缓发生率为59%,一级水平运动员心动过缓发生率为80%,集训水平运动员心动过缓发生率为50%,二者具有显著性差异。与正常人ECG判断标准相比运动员心电图QRS波群电压增高、心率降低、QTc值增大、ST段抬高,其他指标均在正常人指标范围内。自行车运动员上述心电图特点是运动员心脏的生理适应,是良好心力储备的表现。自行车运动员的心电图异常改变主要有:QT间期异常(长QT间期、QT间期)5例,占29.4%,2例心室预激,2例电轴右偏。所以需要加强运动员的心电图监控,医务监督。 相似文献
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Michele Lastella Gregory Daniel Roach Shona Leigh Halson David Thomas Martin Nicholas Peter West Charli Sargent 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(3):293-299
Good sleep is critical for optimising recovery and athletic performance. Yet, few studies have investigated how athletes sleep before and during competition. The aim of this study was to determine whether such sleep is poorer than that before a usual training day. Twenty-one male endurance cyclists’ (age: 19.9 ± 1.7 years) sleep/wake behaviour was assessed using wrist activity monitors for 11 nights, including a six-night baseline training phase, three nights before competition and two nights during competition. Cyclists had less sleep on the night before competition (6.5 ± 0.9 h) and during the first night of competition (6.8 ± 0.8 h) than at baseline (7.4 ± 0.6 h). Cyclists also went to bed and woke up earlier during competition than at baseline. Competition schedules and competition itself can disrupt the sleep/wake behaviour of athletes during competition. Future investigations should examine sleep during three stages of competition (i.e. before, during and after competition). This will help coaches develop a greater understanding of how sleep changes during different phases of competition and enable them to plan post-competition training programmes to ensure appropriate rest and recovery is obtained. 相似文献