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A multi-analytical approach for the study of brazilwood and its lake pigments was carried out based on historically accurate reconstructions. Recipes for brazilwood lakes from the fifteenth century technical text Livro de como se fazem as cores and the Winsor & Newton nineteenth century colourman's archive were reproduced and compared. Both primary sources allowed for the successful preparation of brazilwood lake pigments with colours that vary from light pink to dark red. The main steps and ingredients for the manufacture of these pigments were common in both sources, particularly the addition of Al3+ in the form of alum, and calcium carbonate (chalk). Reconstructions revealed that the latter acts as a pH buffer and filler, controlling the pH at which the lake pigment precipitates. The main difference between the two sources is that the nineteenth century recipes give the quantities for all ingredients, the precise temperatures and time, and achieved higher relative pigment yields (75% versus 45%). Full chemical characterisation of the reconstructions provided detailed information on the individual steps in the pigment manufacture and revealed that the presence of calcium sulphate dihydrate (gypsum) in the final pigment was a result of its formation in situ. Infrared, reflectance, and fluorescence spectroscopy proved to be essential and complementary techniques: while infrared was used to characterise additives and binders, reflectance and fluorescence data were fundamental for identifying the chromophore. The pigments and paints produced can now be used as standards for the identification and investigation of brazilwood lake pigments found in artworks. 相似文献
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本文主要考虑如下Marcinkiewicz积分交换子在非齐型Herz空间上的有界性Mb(f)(x)=(∫∞0∫x-y≤tK(x,y)b(x)-b(y)f(y)dμ(y)2dt3t)21. 相似文献
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基于μC/OS-Ⅱ系统的TCP/IP协议栈实现 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在嵌入式实时操作系统中引入TCP/IP协议栈,以支持嵌入式设备接入网络,成为嵌入式领域重要的研究方向。介绍了开源的μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统结构和在STM32上的移植方法,研究了嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈结构及工作流程,并详细描述协议栈中ARP、IP和TCP这3种最重要协议在μC/OS-Ⅱ系统上的具体实现。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2014,15(3):283-291
Metallographic features of ancient bronze artefacts often hide peculiar micro-chemical processes and corrosion behaviours, which are worth to be studied as they can provide conservators and archaeologists with valuable tools and information. It is widely documented that Chinese bronzes were cast and the way to adjust their properties was to change the alloy composition. In particular, addition of lead, which is insoluble in the bronze matrix, results in the formation of inclusions or globules, which undergo oxidation processes leading to their conversion into corrosion products. The mechanisms through which this occurs were still poorly investigated. The present work was conducted to further study the corrosion behaviour of high-leaded bronze, especially focusing on the behaviour of lead globules. To this aim, a collection of Chinese archaeological bronzes, showing intermediate steps of degradation, were selected and investigated. The use of combined microscopy-based, molecular and elemental, analytical techniques allowed the characterization as well as the precise location of corrosion products, thus enabling us to propose a degradation pathway basing on thermodynamic data provided by Pourbaix diagram. The achieved results will be useful for researchers involved in these kinds of studies to better interpret data obtained. 相似文献
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把微处理器和温度传感器 DS18B20、湿度传感器 SHT10有机结合,移植实时操作系统μC/OS-II将多任务并行运行,采用PWM技术并利用PID控制算法实现温度、湿度的高效控制,设计实现了金银花烘干自动化控制系统。该系统具有结构简单与使用方便等优点,后期研究可以将其扩展为多种药材植物以及农产品的烘干工艺控制系统,有利于节能系统的推广和应用,以及满足社会发展的需求。 相似文献
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Vanessa Otero Joana V. Pinto Leslie Carlyle Márcia Vilarigues Marine Cotte 《文物保护研究》2017,62(3):123-149
The Winsor & NewtonTM (W&N) nineteenth century archive database includes digitised images of hand-written instructions and workshop notes for the manufacture of their artists’ materials. For the first time, all 183 production records for yellow lead chromate pigments were studied and evaluated. They revealed that W&N produced essentially three pigment types: lemon/pale based on mixed crystals of lead chromate and lead sulphate [Pb(Cr,S)O4]; middle on pure monoclinic lead chromate [PbCrO4]; and deep that contains the latter admixed with basic lead chromate [Pb2CrO5]; accounting for 53, 22, and 21% of the production, respectively. Production records for primrose (4%) were also included since the formulation results in mixed crystals with a high percentage of lead sulphate, which, according to the literature, leaves it more prone to degradation. Each pigment type is characterised by only one or two main synthetic pathways; process variations reveal a systematic and thorough search for a high-quality durable product. A comparison of the chemical composition of pigment reconstructions with early W&N oil paint tubes showed that their records entitled ‘pale’ and ‘lemon’ correlated with the pigment in their tube labelled chrome yellow and, ‘middle’ and ‘deep’ with the label chrome deep. Lemon and middle pigment formulations were made into oil paints to assess their relative photo-stability. The degradation process was followed by colorimetry and was studied by synchrotron radiation-based techniques. Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, the possibility for creating a stability index for chrome yellows is discussed. 相似文献
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主要研究了单位圆盘上Hilbert值Dμ,q得到了Hilbert值Dμ,q函数的Lipschitz条件,若f（x）=∞∑n=1xnz^n∈Dμ,q,0〈μ〉1,q〉2n/μ,则有Ф（z）-∞∑n=1｜｜xn｜｜z^n∈Lipγ.这推广了标量值Dμ,q函数的性质,在此过程中,我们利用了Rademacher函数序列的知识． 相似文献
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作者通过讨论β衰变以及中微子性质、弱相互作用过程中遵循的诸守恒定律,从理论上说明可以利用中徽子和反中徽子促使质子和中子互相转化,从而实现提高冷核聚变反应速率 相似文献
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曲波 《南京晓庄学院学报》2010,26(6):85-87
文章分析了在ARM平台上使用GNU工具链实现μCOS嵌入式内核移植的技术要点;阐述了移植的关键步骤,以及在ARM平台上移植的具体实现方法.内容包括操作系统引导及装载程序的设计、μCOS运行之前硬件环境的建立、μCOS与平台相关接口程序、串口通信程序及相关辅助性实用程序的设计等. 相似文献