联邦德国体育管理体制及其特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李寅生  凌平 《天津体育学院学报》1994,9(2):31-35

联邦德国的基本法规定了联邦德国是民主制、法制福利和联邦制的国家。其体育体制也与国家体制相适应，它表现出以下特征：民间和社会办体育，并实行自治，政府只扮演协助的角色并在一些方面不成文地承担一些体育经费；各不同层次和不同部门的管理机构依据基本法规定的职权范围秩序参与体育管理，责、权、利明确；俱乐部是体育管理的最基层组织，也是体育运动的具体承办者，其成员数以每年８％的速度递增；各管理机构的管理人员以业余兼职为原则，以志愿奉献为信条；管理人员选举产生，以议宪制为形式；自下而上建构组织，再从上而下实施管理。从而使体育充分发挥了它的“闲暇价值、健康价值、休养价值、教育价值和社会价值”。  相似文献   

让有限经费发挥最大效益——经济欠发达地区图书馆文献资源购置费使用案例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毕红秋 《图书馆建设》2008,(1):7-9,14

近年来,国家对公共文化事业的投入大幅增加,但仍有不少经济欠发达地区的图书馆文献资源购置经费依然是捉襟见肘.本文提供了黑龙江省图书馆280万元文献购置经费的使用案例,试图为相同情况的图书馆展示一个相对科学、比较合理的经费使用方案.更期盼本文能引起业界对如下问题的思考:图书馆的文献资源购置费是否越多越好?如果持否定态度,那么究竟多少为宜?标准应如何设定?  相似文献   

Unique unto itself: The records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 1908 to 1945     

John F. Fox Jr. 《Journal of Government Information》2004,30(4):470-481

This paper addresses several misunderstandings about the nature of the FBI's Central Records System. Although depicted in popular culture and much of FBI historiography as a tool for the Cold War suppression of American radicals, the FBI's records system grew out of Department of Justice systems already in place before J. Edgar Hoover became Director in 1924. The system grew in size and complexity according to the demands placed on it by the changing priorities of the FBI's criminal and intelligence missions, guided by a “progressive” drive for efficiency through centralization.  相似文献   

Mandatory Student Fees and the Academic Library     

Jennifer L. Jones 《图书馆管理杂志》2018,58(1):54-64

As academic libraries' budgets remain flat while their expenditures rise, library leaders must seek out alternative sources of funding. One option is a mandatory student fee dedicated to the library. This article presents the results of a survey of 152 deans and directors of public R1 and R2 research universities that were asked whether their libraries benefit from mandatory student fees. While a library-specific fee is unusual, nearly half of responding libraries are eligible to receive some portion of another mandatory student fee. Study results can serve as evidence for libraries preparing to make a case for the significant, positive impact possible through even a modest library fee.  相似文献   

Managing a Biomedical Library’s Instruction Program: Redefining Scope     

Holly Thompson 《Medical reference services quarterly》2018,37(1):97-104

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) library instruction program provides training services to staff, clinicians, and researchers across NIH and several Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) operating divisions. The audience, training needs, and training topics are diverse and constantly changing. The NIH library has developed several new services and class topics to meet the needs of its NIH and HHS communities. Context, strategies, and future directions for the NIH library instruction program are described.  相似文献   

理解公共文化服务：资金、人才与市场化道路的分歧   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘辉 《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,44(2):19-25

围绕公共文化服务建设,相关研究成果数量呈现快速增长趋势。但是关于推进公共文化服务的具体主张,则呈现出外在集中性、一致性与潜在矛盾性并存的格局。因此,在对相关研究成果特别是其主张进行梳理的基础上,揭示当前学界研究的主要观点及其内在的可能分歧或矛盾,对于推进公共文化服务研究及实践有着基础性作用。  相似文献   

Inclusive Learning: the Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the postschool education of those with learning difficulties and/or disabilities,in England, 1996     

John Tomlinson 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(3):184-196

ABSTRACT

The Report, Inclusive Learning (1996), is the result of a three‐year enquiry into the educational needs of and provision for adults with disabilities and/or learning difficulties in England. It arose from the requirement of an Act of Parliament, in 1992, that the new national funding council for further education should ‘have regard’ for such students in all its work of funding, development and evaluation. The Committee commissioned some fundamental research into the nature and extent of provision, the actual and potential demand for further education and the current requirements of law, and also reviewed existing academic research (chiefly in English‐speaking countries). It took extensive evidence in many modes and, in particular, created a series of workshops in which the students and their advocates could speak for themselves. The outcome was the main Report and summary, together with six supplementary publications. The core of the Report is the notion of ‘inclusive learning’, which places the responsibility for providing appropriate education with the teachers, the managers and the system (ultimately, with society), rather than problematizing the student as one with a deficit. A good education system is not merely about offering access to what is available, but also the making of what needs to be available accessible: the moulding of opportunity. Thus the Report concentrates on a theory of learning and its educational consequences. It represents another step towards embracing students with learning difficulties and/or disabilities unequivocally within the general approach to learning appropriate for all students. This article summarizes the main lines of analysis and argument in the Report and its framework of recommendations to the Further Education Funding Council, teachers, managers, voluntary organizations and to the government.  相似文献   

美国《高等教育法》的历史演变分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨克瑞 《比较教育研究》2005,26(4):21-25

美国自1965年颁布<高等教育法>以来,历经多次重大修改,各具特色.修改总趋势为,从确立联邦政府的教育责任,到完善联邦政府的教育投资.但是,后来的发展在一定程度上也背离了资助贫困,维护高等教育机会公平的立法宗旨.  相似文献   

俄罗斯公立高等教育经费多元化改革实践   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘淑华  徐雪英 《比较教育研究》2011,(6):42-47

苏联高等教育经费模式被学者普遍认为是纯粹的由国家包办的官僚控制模式的典型代表。苏联解体以后的二十年来,由于经费的急剧短缺,俄罗斯高等教育领域进行了经费多元化改革。联邦政府的市场方式拨款、地方政府加大的成本分担、学生学费的缴纳、高等学校的企业性活动以及国内外社会的捐赠资助成为俄罗斯高等教育经费的多种来源。  相似文献   

The Centros Concertados in Spain, Parental Demand and Implications for Equity     

LILIANA JACOTT  & ANTONIO MALDONADO RICO 《European Journal of Education》2006,41(1):97-111

In Spain, the exercise of choice by parents of a suitable school for their children is not practised by all families in the same way. The evidence shows that an increasing social polarisation and a substantial disequilibrium in schooling are taking place in compulsory education. There is a high concentration of immigrant students in public schools in contrast with what happened in the centros concertados (private schools with public funding). This situation is especially unbalanced in some Autonomous Communities, such as the Community of Madrid, Catalonia, Valencia and Andalusia. The inequalities in the distribution of students in the network of public schools and private schools financed by public funds are producing significant responses from parents, teachers, experts, and also from other social groups. Some of the proposals made by different experts and by the Spanish Ministry of Education are analysed in order to reach to a quality education in more equitable conditions for all students.  相似文献