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1.
文章在简要综述知识基因、知识单元、知识表示和知识图谱的基础上,探讨知识的质性构造和量化分析基础,指出知识具有表型(外型)、构型(内型)和量型(量值)三型特征。用逻辑分析法从现象到本质揭示知识表型特征,包括语言文字型、公式符号型和图表图谱型;知识构型可用学科类别和特征概念标识;知识量型可基于数据或信息计算知识量。进一步提出用知识花图式和知识花程式展示质性知识构造与量化知识分析。由知识三型特征引出知识变换三假设以及学术评价"对标法";揭示质性知识构造适合解析静态知识特征,量化知识分析可延伸处理动态知识演化。质性知识构造与量化知识分析同时适用于剖析知识客体和知识主体,并独具学术评价应用价值。倡导通过知识分析创新图书情报学,同时也通过图书情报学促进知识之花盛开。 相似文献
2.
This study is a social media analysis on the use of Twitter at Historically Black Colleges and University (HBCU) libraries. While information science researchers have begun examining how libraries use social media, the vast majority of these studies are situated at large flagship research-intensive universities. Additionally, there currently exist deficiencies in research on social media deployment at HBCU libraries. We leverage, the IBM Watson's analytic engine, to systemically examine over 23,000, tweets over an eighteen-month period, around a set of objective measures including propagation of retweets and sentiment to assess follower engagement. The analysis found little evidence of follower engagement with library generated content. However, we observed a substantial volume of library tweets coalesced around institutional boosterism, rather than library related phenomena. This non-library related content represented the vast majority of retweets, but paradoxically was propagated by non-followers. Additionally, tweets relating to institutional boosterism produced the most positive sentiment within the data. 相似文献
3.
Most work in the design of learning technology uses click-streams as their primary data source for modelling & predicting learning behaviour. In this paper we set out to quantify what, if any, advantages do physiological sensing techniques provide for the design of learning technologies. We conducted a lab study with 251 game sessions and 17 users focusing on skill development (i.e., user's ability to master complex tasks). We collected click-stream data, as well as eye-tracking, electroencephalography (EEG), video, and wristband data during the experiment. Our analysis shows that traditional click-stream models achieve 39% error rate in predicting learning performance (and 18% when we perform feature selection), while for fused multimodal the error drops up to 6%. Our work highlights the limitations of standalone click-stream models, and quantifies the expected benefits of using a variety of multimodal data coming from physiological sensing. Our findings help shape the future of learning technology research by pointing out the substantial benefits of physiological sensing. 相似文献
4.
Carl T. Woods James P. Veale Neil Collier Sam Robertson 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):325-330
This study investigated the extent to which position in the Australian Football League (AFL) national draft is associated with individual game performance metrics. Physical/technical skill performance metrics were collated from all participants in the 2014 national under 18 (U18) championships (18 games) drafted into the AFL (n = 65; 17.8 ± 0.5 y); 232 observations. Players were subdivided into draft position (ranked 1–65) and then draft round (1–4). Here, earlier draft selection (i.e., closer to 1) reflects a more desirable player. Microtechnology and a commercial provider facilitated the quantification of individual game performance metrics (n = 16). Linear mixed models were fitted to data, modelling the extent to which draft position was associated with these metrics. Draft position in the first/second round was negatively associated with “contested possessions” and “contested marks”, respectively. Physical performance metrics were positively associated with draft position in these rounds. Correlations weakened for the third/fourth rounds. Contested possessions/marks were associated with an earlier draft selection. Physical performance metrics were associated with a later draft selection. Recruiters change the type of U18 player they draft as the selection pool reduces. juniors with contested skill appear prioritised. 相似文献
5.
This study estimated the expected point value for starting possessions in different field locations during rugby league match-play and calculated the mean expected points for each subsequent play during the possession. It also examined the origin of tries scored according to the method of gaining possession. Play-by-play data were taken from all 768 regular-season National Rugby League (NRL) matches during 2010–2013. A probabilistic model estimated the expected point outcome based on the net difference in points scored by a team in possession in a given situation. An iterative method was used to approximate the value of each situation based on actual scoring outcomes. Possessions commencing close to the opposition’s goal-line had the highest expected point equity, which decreased as the location of the possession moved towards the team’s own goal-line. Possessions following an opposition error, penalty or goal-line dropout had the highest likelihood of a try being scored on the set subsequent to their occurrence. In contrast, possessions that follow an opposition completed set or a restart were least likely to result in a try. The expected point values framework from our model has applications for informing playing strategy and assessing individual and team performance in professional rugby league. 相似文献
6.
介绍了物理教学中的结构分析法的内容及方法,并运用结构分析法对初中物理“力”这一章教材进行了分析与研究。 相似文献
7.
Most distance learning institutions collect vast amounts of learning data. Making sense of this ‘Big Data’ can be a challenge, in particular when data are stored at different data warehouses and require advanced statistical skills to interpret complex patterns of data. As a leading institute on learning analytics, the Open University UK instigated in 2012 a Data Wrangling initiative. This provided every Faculty with a dedicated academic with expertise data analysis and whose task is to provide strategic, pedagogical and sense-making advice to staff and senior management. Given substantial changes within the OU (e.g. new Faculty structure, real-time dashboards, two large-scale adoptions of predictive analytics approaches, increased reliance on analytics), this embedded case study provides an in-depth review of lessons learned of five years of data wrangling. We will elaborate on the design of the new structure, its strengths and potential weaknesses, and affordances to be adopted by other institutions. 相似文献
8.
肖俊洪 《中国远程教育(综合版)》2020,(4):1-11,76
学习分析自从2011年出现以来,不管是作为一个研究重点还是实践领域,它一直在发展,从某种程度上讲已经成熟了。学习分析不但在增进我们对学生坚持学习和顺利完成学业的了解以及提高我们教学策略的效果等方面有巨大潜能,它还能帮助学生在更加知情的情况下做出选择。然而,学习分析在多大程度上影响学生学习?它在什么条件下能够充分发挥其潜能?这些问题引起一些关注。我们在这篇概念性文章中提出从生态系统观的角度理解学习分析,或是把它视为某一个生态系统的一部分,或是把它当成一个生态系统,这个系统由各种人为和非人为因素(行动者)组成,包含一系列相互交叉、常常互相依存且又是彼此一部分的变量。鉴于学习分析有提高学习效果的潜能,我们基于学习的社会批判视角提出学习分析的生态系统观。我们从机构和机构以外社会层面的微观、中观和宏观因素出发对学习分析进行阐述。学习分析的生态系统观不认为学生对自己的学习可以免责,而是更加细致入微地了解促成(或妨碍)学习发生的因素(行动者)。 相似文献
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Sophie H. Cormack Laurence A. Eagle Mark S. Davies 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2020,45(7):1046-1059
AbstractMany studies have found a relationship between students’ self-reported procrastination and their grades. Few studies have used learning analytic data as a behavioural measure of procrastination in order to predict performance, and there is no systematic research on how this relationship may differ across assessments or disciplines. In this study we analyse nine years’ worth of institutional electronic submission records, a total of 73,608 assignment submissions, to examine the relationship between submission time and grades across assignments, students, courses, and disciplines in higher education. A significant negative relationship was found overall, with students who submitted closer to the deadline obtaining lower grades, however the size of the relationship was negligible, accounting for less than 1% of the variance in grades. The relationship varied significantly depending on student, assignment, course and discipline. 相似文献
10.
Peter Williams 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2017,42(6):978-989
Assessment in higher education has focused on the performance of individual students. This focus has been a practical as well as an epistemic one: methods of assessment are constrained by the technology of the day, and in the past they required the completion by individuals under controlled conditions of set-piece academic exercises. Recent advances in learning analytics, drawing upon vast sets of digitally stored student activity data, open new practical and epistemic possibilities for assessment, and carry the potential to transform higher education. It is becoming practicable to assess the individual and collective performance of team members working on complex projects that closely simulate the professional contexts that graduates will encounter. In addition to academic knowledge, this authentic assessment can include a diverse range of personal qualities and dispositions that are key to the computer-supported cooperative working of professionals in the knowledge economy. This paper explores the implications of such opportunities for the purpose and practices of assessment in higher education, as universities adapt their institutional missions to address twenty-first century needs. The paper concludes with a strong recommendation for university leaders to deploy analytics to support and evaluate the collaborative learning of students working in realistic contexts. 相似文献