乒乓球运动员膝关节损伤机制研究——对3种常用步法的膝关节负荷特征分析     

周星栋  肖丹丹  郭文霞  黄习梅  张晓栋 《中国体育科技》2020,(6):62-67

目的:了解不同性别乒乓球运动员完成并步、跳步、跨步3种常用步法时膝关节的负荷特征,并探析乒乓球运动员膝关节的损伤机制。方法:对乒乓球男、女各10名运动员完成3种常用步法动作时的下肢运动学、动力学数据进行采集和处理,并运用方差分析法比较不同性别、不同技术之间的差异。结果:受试者在完成3种步法过程中,膝关节屈角大致范围在20°~60°。当地面反作用力最大时,女运动员比男运动员表现出更小的外展角(P<0.05),跳步比并步和跨步表现出更小的外展角(P<0.05);在三维受力方面,膝关节受到垂直方向上的力最大,水平向后和向左的力次之,未表现出显著的性别差异和技术差异;在三维力矩方面,膝关节受到的伸膝力矩较大,也未表现出显著的性别差异和技术差异。结论:膝关节屈曲状态下,较大的地面反作用力和膝关节外展角易导致乒乓球运动员前交叉韧带损伤,女运动员的损伤风险小于男运动员,跳步的损伤风险小于并步和跨步;水平向后和向左的力易造成乒乓球运动员软骨和半月板损伤;过大的伸膝力矩易导致乒乓球运动员髌腱末端病和髌骨软化。  相似文献   

运动生物力学标准化问题的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李世明 《沈阳体育学院学报》2004,23(2):269-270

标准化工作是目前运动生物力学学科相对滞后的一项工作,探讨了运动生物力学标准化工作的意义及内容,并列举了2个实例,目的是引起学术界对标准化问题的关注与重视。  相似文献   

三维影相的新算法——修正的直接线性变换     

方兴  谭汀 《体育科学》1992,(4)

通过引入摄影机镜头的内、外方位元素的约束条件,导出了一种修正的DLT(MDLT)方法。该方法用于影片和录相的实测,得到一些有意义的结果。当测量的标定控制点点数较少(6～8个),且这些点的位置在空间和成像面分布不均匀时,用MDLT计算的结果比DLT的结果要好,误差可降低80％以上。  相似文献   

人体惯性参数的实测生物力学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

纪仲秋  姜桂萍  郎雪梅 《北京体育大学学报》2001,24(3):329-331

人体惯性参数是进行生物力学分析、人类工程学等工作时均需要的人体基本参数。通过活体的实际测量 ,比较中国人体惯性参数和国外人体惯性参数所计算人体总重心位置的差异 ,经统计学数据处理来验证中国人体惯性参数的可靠性 ,研究表明 :中国人体惯性参数比国外人体惯性参数更加适应中国情况 ,应对中国人体惯性参数推广应用  相似文献   

武术套路中旋风脚动作的运动生物力学分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王进 《河北体育学院学报》2006,20(1):89-91

对河北省高水平武术套路训练专业队员所做旋风脚动作进行实验研究,利用生物力学实验及统计学方法对所得结果进行分析,得出了人体在完成旋风脚的过程中助跑、起跳、腾空旋转、落地各个阶段之间的相互联系及每个阶段的运动特点,并提出相应的意见和建议,为武术教学和训练提供理论指导。  相似文献   

TFPS 教学用运动技术影片分析系统的教学应用     

吕秋平  沈信生  李良标 《北京体育大学学报》1993,(3)

TFPS 教学用运动技术影片分析系统(Teaching's Film Processing System)的应用,彻底改变了以往影片分析方法教学的一般性介绍的状况,以实验部分为核心,采用新的教学方法,借助新的教学仪器,使理论与实践相结合,大大加深了学生对这一方法的理论知识的理解和掌握,同时使学生亲自动手实验,掌握实际实验技能,大大提高了进行运动技术分析的研究能力,填补了这一教学领域的空白,使这一领域的教学水平和教学质量达到了国内领先水平和国际先进水平。  相似文献   

从事物特性的相互作用本质看运动生物力学研究方法与测试手段的发展     

王小虹  程湘南 《体育科研》2003,24(5):46-49

从任何事物的特性都是由相互作用相互联系的的事物双方共同决定的这一哲学原理来看,运动生物力学的研究方法和测试手段发展具有主动性,它能够从运动中的人体引申出这样或那样的特性来,能够引申出何种特性不仅取决于运动中的人体,也取决于研究方法和测试手段,从而推动运动生物力学学科的发展。  相似文献   

优秀女子举重运动员抓举技术的生物力学分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王向东  刘梦飞  徐文泉 《中国体育科技》2008,44(6)

通过三维运动图像分析手段对我国5名优秀女子举重运动员的抓举技术动作进行测试,通过对比分析不同运动员在抓举过程中各动作技术阶段(第一发力阶段、过渡阶段、第二发力阶段和惯性上升阶段)的时间比、杠铃上升高度比、做功比和平均功率等关键指标,揭示我国优秀女子举重运动员的抓举技术特征.  相似文献   

Kinematic analysis of hip and knee rotation and other contributors to ballet turnout     

Amy E. Quanbeck  Sara C. Handley  Deborah S. Quanbeck 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):331-338

Turnout, or external rotation (ER) of the lower extremities, is essential in ballet. The purpose of this study was to utilise physical examination and a biomechanical method for obtaining functional kinematic data using hip and knee joint centres to identify the relative turnout contributions from hip rotation, femoral anteversion, knee rotation, tibial torsion, and other sources. Ten female dancers received a lower extremity alignment assessment, including passive hip rotation, femoral anteversion, tibial torsion, weightbearing foot alignment, and Beighton hypermobility score. Next, turnout was assessed using plantar pressure plots and three-dimensional motion analysis; participants performed turnout to ballet first position on both a plantar pressure mat and friction-reducing discs. A retro-reflective functional marker motion capture system mapped the lower extremities and hip and knee joint centres. Mean total turnout was 129±15.7° via plantar pressure plots and 135±17.8° via kinematics. Bilateral hip ER during turnout was 49±10.2° (36% of total turnout). Bilateral knee ER during turnout was 41±5.9° (32% of total turnout). Hip ER contribution to total turnout measured kinematically was less than expected compared to other studies, where hip ER was determined without functional kinematic data. Knee ER contributed substantially more turnout than expected or previously reported. This analysis method allows precise assessment of turnout contributors.  相似文献   

Combined individual scrummaging kinetics and muscular power predict competitive team scrum success     

Andrew Green  Chloe Dafkin  Samantha Kerr  Warrick McKinon 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):994-1003

Scrummaging is a major component of Rugby Union gameplay. Successful scrummaging is dependent on the coordination of the forward players and the strength of the eight individuals. The study aim was to determine whether individual scrummaging kinetics and other candidate factors associated with scrummaging performance discriminate team scrum performances. Sixteen club-level forwards (stature: 1.80?±?0.1?m; mass: 99.0?±?18.2?kg) were initially divided into two scrummaging packs. A total of 10 various scrum permutations were tested, where players were randomly swapped between the two packs. Winning scrums were determined by two observers on opposite sides of the scrum. Fatigue (100?mm visual analogue scale (VAS)) and scrummaging effort (6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) were assessed following each scrum contest. Individual scrummaging kinetics were acquired through an instrumented scrum ergometer and muscular power indicated through vertical jump heights. Student’s t-tests were used to differentiate between winning and losing scrum packs. VAS and RPE were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Winning scrum packs had significantly larger combined force magnitudes (p?<?.002), regardless of the player contribution calculations. Additionally, winning packs had less individual movement (p?=?.033) and higher combined vertical jump heights (p?<?.001) but were not significantly heavier (p?=?.759) than losing scrum packs. While perceived VAS and RPE values progressively increased (p?<?.001), no differences in the individual scrum magnitudes were observed between the 1st and 10th scrum (p?=?.418). The results indicated that the combination of individual forces, variation in movement and factors related to scrummaging performance, such as vertical jump height, were associated with team scrummaging success.  相似文献