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1.
Turnout, or external rotation (ER) of the lower extremities, is essential in ballet. The purpose of this study was to utilise physical examination and a biomechanical method for obtaining functional kinematic data using hip and knee joint centres to identify the relative turnout contributions from hip rotation, femoral anteversion, knee rotation, tibial torsion, and other sources. Ten female dancers received a lower extremity alignment assessment, including passive hip rotation, femoral anteversion, tibial torsion, weightbearing foot alignment, and Beighton hypermobility score. Next, turnout was assessed using plantar pressure plots and three-dimensional motion analysis; participants performed turnout to ballet first position on both a plantar pressure mat and friction-reducing discs. A retro-reflective functional marker motion capture system mapped the lower extremities and hip and knee joint centres. Mean total turnout was 129±15.7° via plantar pressure plots and 135±17.8° via kinematics. Bilateral hip ER during turnout was 49±10.2° (36% of total turnout). Bilateral knee ER during turnout was 41±5.9° (32% of total turnout). Hip ER contribution to total turnout measured kinematically was less than expected compared to other studies, where hip ER was determined without functional kinematic data. Knee ER contributed substantially more turnout than expected or previously reported. This analysis method allows precise assessment of turnout contributors. 相似文献
2.
Jozo Grgic Bruno Lazinica Pavle Mikulic James W. Krieger Brad Jon Schoenfeld 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):983-993
Although the effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy have been investigated in several studies, the findings are equivocal and the practical implications remain unclear. In an attempt to provide clarity on the topic, we performed a systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) electronic databases. Six studies were found to have met the inclusion criteria: (a) an experimental trial published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (b) the study compared the use of short (≤60?s) to long (>60?s) inter-set rest intervals in a traditional dynamic resistance exercise using both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, with the only difference in resistance training among groups being the inter-set rest interval duration; (c) at least one method of measuring changes in muscle mass was used in the study; (d) the study lasted for a minimum of four weeks, employed a training frequency of ≥2 resistance training days per week, and (e) used human participants without known chronic disease or injury. Current evidence indicates that both short and long inter-set rest intervals may be useful when training for achieving gains in muscle hypertrophy. Novel findings involving trained participants using measures sensitive to detect changes in muscle hypertrophy suggest a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects. However, due to the paucity of studies with similar designs, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches. 相似文献
3.
Hal A. Lawson 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2020,72(1):72-84
ABSTRACTEmploying the ideal type of “The Physical Education System,” in this analysis I explore the import of systems frameworks for new institutional designs which hold promise for better outcomes. The inherited idea of a system is restricted to the relationship between teacher education and school programs. It draws on the developmental trajectory of the specialized field of study which pre-dated Kinesiology, and it conforms to the industrial age school, particularly its assumptions regarding standardized curricula, teachers’ roles, student classification, and cultural assimilation. When this inherited framework reigns, other key systems components (e.g., public policy, influential peer/family/community ecologies) get short shrift, important “outcome chains” are not addressed, and both Kinesiology’s and Public Health’s contributions are constrained. Once the inherited physical education system is recognized as a consequential social determinant of pediatric health and well-being, needs and opportunities for redesign become apparent. 相似文献
4.
为了提高运动人体科学实验教学质量,本文提出应用J2EE技术实现基于Web的运动人体科学实验教学平台构建方案;考虑到实验教学平台的稳定性、扩展性、安全性和易用性,本平台采用基于Web的B/S(Brower/Server,浏览器/服务器)多层结构模型,采用模块化开发方式,主要由管理员模块、教师模块和学生模块等功能模块构成。平台的实验教学内容以阶梯式、渐进式编排成体系;平台有很强的实时性、互动性和开放性。该平台是将计算机技术、网络技术和多媒体技术等多种技术相结合,集实验教学与创新研究于一体的开放式平台。平台以虚拟实验与课堂操作相结合,教师辅导与多媒体辅导相结合,基础实验与创新实验相结合等多种方法,培养学生实验技能和应用创新的实践能力。 相似文献
5.
对四川省跳水队方敏、侯媛媛、陈莉、祝智佳4名国家级运动员完成三米板405B动作的运动学特征进行了研究，发现了川队运动员与伏明霞的技术差距，并提出了改进意见。 相似文献
6.
优秀男子短跑运动员百米后程跑减速的运动学分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
朱耀康 《上海体育学院学报》1994,18(1):61-67
采用高速摄影和影片解析的方法,对我国优秀男子短跑运动员途中跑和后程跑的支撑阶段等技术参数进行比较分析。结果显示,技术动作变形、单步支撑时间延长、步频下降等因素,是导致后程跑减速的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
对我国优秀女子铁饼运动员肩、髋动作特征的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
运用爱捷运动录像三维测量分析系统对我国优秀女子铁饼运动员的肩和髋的动作进行了三维运动学分析。结果表明 :左脚离地时的身体姿势对腾空、过渡阶段和最后用力阶段有着重要的影响 ;在最后用力阶段 ,拉引角数值的增量制约着铁饼运行的距离 ;我国运动员与世界优秀运动员的主要差距在过渡阶段。存在的问题 :运动员没能有效地做出右脚的转扣着地及着地后不停顿的旋转动作 ;左髋带动左大腿促使左脚尽快摆压动作过慢。 相似文献
8.
Minnie L. Lynn 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(1):1-2
Of increasing interest to educational researchers is the process of learning to teach and the role that teacher education plays. The teacher-socialization program of research has provided the most inclusive theoretical structure for such investigation. Unfortunately, this program has been discouraging. The outcomes indicate (a) a survival-oriented approach to teaching of the preservice student and (b) limited positive influence of teacher education on this development. Fortunately, evidence has emerged that poses a more encouraging, progressive view. This evidence stems from classroom research on the development of preservice students' perspectives on teaching. The purpose of this article is to review the outcomes from this literature and to identify possible implications for physical education teacher education (PETE). This paper focuses on four dimensions: (a) an overview of the construct of teacher perspectives, (b) the characteristics of the more progressive perspectives of the teacher education students, (c) the features of the teacher education program that influence those perspectives, and (d) possible implications for PETE. A caveat is included in this latter section that cautions generalizing outcomes from research in the classroom areas to physical education. 相似文献
9.
E. C. Davis 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(1):31-32
The authors find Lawson's article to be both incorrect as to facts concerning the preparation of physical education teachers and misleading in the attempted analysis of problems in professional preparation. As such, the arguments set forth in the article will confuse and mislead rather than edify readers. Problematic areas in teacher preparation and the typical disciplinary agenda for reform are reviewed. Lawson's complex arguments are reduced to simple statements and critical errors of logic and fact are identified. 相似文献
10.
Carl Gabbard Patrick Patterson Jerry Elledge 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):174-179
Abstract The effects of grip and forearm position on two tests of upper body muscular endurance were investigated in 109 male subjects 18–21 years of age. Subjects were systematically presented 12 tasks: six pull-up and six straight-arm hang grip and forearm variations. Each of the six tasks for both endurance tests represented a different combination of grip (thumb over bar and thumb under bar) and forearm position (pronated, supinated and semi-pronated). Task results were analyzed utilizing 2 × 3 (grip × forearm) ANOVA with repeated measures on the two factors. Analysis of pull-up data revealed that the semi-pronated and supinated forearm positions were not statistically different from each other, but superior to the pronated condition. Results of straight-arm hang performance revealed a significant difference between grips at the semi-pronated position, with the “thumb under bar” being superior. Results for forearm positions at grips indicated a significant difference for the “thumb under bar,” with the pronated and semi-pronated positions being superior to the supinated position. For forearm positions at “thumb over bar,” the pronated condition was significantly different from the semi-pronated and supinated positions. Thumb position trends and kinesiological mechanical analysis did foster general recommendations for use of the “thumb over bar” for pull-ups and the “thumb under bar” position for the straight-arm hang. 相似文献