| 整体小于部分之和——一种不可忽视的系统功能 |
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| 引用本文： | 任遂虎.整体小于部分之和——一种不可忽视的系统功能[J].天水师范学院学报,2001,21(1):5-10. |
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| 作者姓名： | 任遂虎 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北师范大学文学院,甘肃,兰州,730070 |
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| 摘 要： | 系统功能的特性既包括整体大于部分之和,也包括整体小于部分之和.两种现象都是非线性系统的产物.在一般系统理论论著中,推崇"整体大于部分之和",而鲜谈"整体小于部分之和".其实,认识"小于"现象的意义并不亚于认识"大于"现象的意义."小于"现象的发现,同样可以使人走出机械的线性叠加的有限空间,了解非线性系统的结构功能,从而对系统的控制和解构产生积极的影响."小于"现象是由于部分间相互吸收或抵消,一方对另一方形成制约,局部薄弱环节限制或破坏总体功能的发挥,内部要素之间的掣肘、磨损而导致某种功能的消减蜕化以及要素之间缺乏联系中介或信息沟通而形不成有机的协调等等原因引起的."大于"和"小于"都是系统自身运演的两种状态."大于"和"小于"不是人类文化意义上价值的分界.问题在于如何按照人的价值标准,根据时空条件、具体用途和整体效应,去加以把握、认识和调控.
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| 关 键 词： | 系统功能 整体 部分 小于现象 |
| 文章编号： | (2001)01-0005-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年1月8日 |
The whole is less than the addition of parts |
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| REN Sui-hu.The whole is less than the addition of parts[J].Journal of Tianshui Normal University,2001,21(1):5-10. |
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| Authors: | REN Sui-hu |
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| Abstract: | The specific property of systems function includes the phenomenon that the whole is less than the addition of parts as well as that the whole is more than the addition of parts. Both the phenomena are products of non-linear system. In general writings about systems theory, there are lots of the whole is more than the addition of parts. while the whole is less than the addition of parts is seldom mentioned. In fact, the significance of recognizing Less phenomenon is no less than of more phenomenon. The discovery of Less phenomenon can also bring people out of their limited space of mechanical linear addition and understand the structural function of non-linear system so as to exert an active effect of the control and destruction of system. Less phenomenon stems from various causes, such as the assimilation or counteraction of parts, the restriction of one part to another, the limitation or destruction of the partial weak link to the overall function, some function degrading results results the restriction and the wear of internal key elements, no forming organic coordination because of lacking the contact media or the information exchange between internal key elements, etc. Both the more and the less are the states of system motion, and they are not a dividing mark of value identification in cultural meaning. The problem is how to grasp, recognize and adjust them according to time and space condition, specific use, overall effect as well as human beings measure of value. |
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| Keywords: | system function whole part less phenomenon |
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