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1.
《Knowledge Acquisition》1991,3(2):137-156
The paradigm of knowledge-based systems has become of practical interest to a broad variety of persons: software engineers, knowledge engineers and domain experts. Therefore, it becomes necessary to make explicit the underlying assumptions of the field. In this paper, the terms “knowledge” and “modeling” as they occur in texts on knowledge acquisition and machine learning are investigated. It is shown that the terms are used with very different meanings corresponding to different views of knowledge acquisition. The transfer view, the performance or building-blocks view, the knowledge-level or stepwise refinement view, and the constructive view of knowledge and its acquisition are described. The implications for designing systems which support a user in constructing a knowledge base are indicated. In particular, it is stressed that systems must support revisions of all modeling decisions if we want to prevent from the next bottleneck, the bottleneck of knowledge-base maintenance. 相似文献
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《Knowledge Acquisition》1993,5(1):37-77
To make plan-based expert systems more accessible to end users and to support user tasks effectively, we present a system that makes the functionality of AI-planning techniques seem natural and immediately understandable. In particular, we present a task support system with a graphical interaction language for the acquisition and display of plan knowledge, where the intended users are domain experts and novices and where previous computer literacy is not required. Based on existing theories in cognitive science and on our own experimental research, we propose a cognitive model of the users' view of tasks. The model postulates the domain experts' ability to recall relevant parts of self-performed tasks in the application domain. The validity of the model is demonstrated in a paper-and-pencil experiment.Employing a cognitive systems engineering approach, we use the cognitive model, a stage process model of knowledge acquisition, and requirements from the plan formalism to specify DACRON, a system for plan acquisition and task support. DACRON supports the acquisition of plan knowledge by providing graphical representations of domain entities from the users' point of view. DACRON checks the consistency of specified units and graphically aids the debugging process. DACRON also allows the animated presentation of the planning process and its results. To evaluate the usability of DACRON and the relevance of the acquired and displayed knowledge in application domains, experimental studies involving 39 users were conducted. The studies show that over 90% of the subjects could easily use DACRON to enter knowledge, and 80% of the entered knowledge was relevant and correct. In the case of knowledge display, subjects were able to use the displayed knowledge effortlessly and apply it to solve 95% of the domain problems presented. 相似文献
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针对汉语框架网络本体（CFN）在词汇覆盖面及语义分析和推理中存在的不足,在充分分析其结构的基础上,通过将其与另外两大知识库WordNet和VerbNet的集成,以增强汉语框架网络本体的广度和深度,从而达到构建一个功能强大的汉语框架网络本体知识库的目的。 相似文献
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自然语言语义分析研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
按照自然语言的构成层次——词语、句子和篇章,分析各层次语义分析的内涵、现有的研究策略、理论依据及存在的主要方法,并对现存的两类主要研究策略进行对比分析.认为词语语义分析是指确定词语意义,衡量两个词之间的语义相似度或相关度;句子语义分析研究包含句义分析和句义相似度分析两方面;文本语义分析就是识别文本的意义、主题、类别等语义信息的过程.当前的自然语言语义分析主要存在两种主要的研究策略:基于知识或语义学规则的语义分析和基于统计学的语义分析.基于统计与规则相融合的语义分析方法是未来自然语言语义分析的主流方法,本体语义学是自然语言语义分析的重要基础. 相似文献
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计算机自动语义分析是当前制约自然语言信息检索、信息抽取与机器翻译等应用技术发展的一个瓶颈问题.语义角色标注是语义分析的一种主要实现方式,而目前语义角色的自动标注主要采用基于统计的方法,由于训练数据的规模有限、语义角色类型多,面临严重的数据稀疏问题,处理结果一致性差.本文则采取基于规则的方法,选择汉语框架语义知识库(CFN)所提供的框架和框架元素作为语义标注体系,利用CFN的语义标注句子库,根据短语类型、句法功能以及短语内部构成和外部语境等其他句法语义特征分析框架元素的实现规律,构建语义标注规则,经测试取得了令人满意的结果,为解决语义分析问题探索了一条可行的路线. 相似文献
6.
介绍本体作为知识工程领域的一种新方法被引入到汉英机器翻译的研究中,用来协助机器翻译中对自然语言语义的理解和计算;指出本体为源语言与目标语言的词汇提供中性化、形式化的表达,其概念语义网络为自然语言的歧义消除提供世界知识、语义空间,本体工具本身所具有的推理功能也使机器翻译的语义处理更为便捷,本体已逐渐成为语义处理的新的理论基础及工具。 相似文献
7.
信息抽取技术及其在数字图书馆中的应用前景分析 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
张智雄 《现代图书情报技术》2004,20(6):1-5
信息抽取的目标是自动从文本信息中抽取出预先想要得到的信息(知识) , 它提供了一条从浩瀚的信息堆积中抽取出与用户相关的信息的一条思路。文章分析了信息抽取的主要概念、主要研究活动、信息抽取的类型和信息抽取系统的一般结构, 并提出在数字图书馆的建设中, 信息抽取技术能够在数字内容的自动标引、元数据获取、数据挖掘、情报研究分析、大型知识库数值库建设、参考咨询等方面发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
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基于知网和术语相关度的本体关系抽取研究* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出一种基于知网和术语相关度的关系抽取方法。首先通过句法分析提取术语的上下文特征,结合自然语言特征和互信息的方法计算术语之间的相关度,然后使用术语的义原和动态角色作为关键词,在知网语义关系框架中定位关系,并为关系指定明确的语义标签。实验结果表明该方法具有较好的实用效果。 相似文献
12.
A. O. Shelmanov M. A. Kamenskaya M. I. Ananyeva I. V. Smirnov 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2017,44(6):412-423
This paper studies the contribution of semantic and semantic–syntactic analysis to the effectiveness of solving applied text-processing tasks: question answering and extraction of definitions from scientific publications. Methods for solving these problems, which, in addition to morphological and syntactic structures, also use semantic structures of texts, are presented. We carried out the experimental evaluation of these methods and comparison of two approaches to syntactic and semantic analysis: separate and joint semantic–syntactic parsing. 相似文献
13.
从信息构建看未来的知识管理 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文从信息构建出发 ,进而引申到知识管理与知识推理 ,最终提出了知识基础工程。在设计并实现自然语言的语法开发平台时 ,产生了构建知识库的设想。利用语法开发平台 ,就可以对自然语言的语法进行开发 ,加上一个好的算法 ,就可以对大规模文本进行自动分析。对分析过的句子进行内容提取 ,并用面向对象方法和逻辑形式进行格式化 ,得到以面向对象为特征的常识知识库和以逻辑命题为特征的专家知识库 ,这应该是知识发现、知识管理的最高层次 ,也是知识工程的核心 相似文献
14.
This paper discusses the problem of joining production rules obtained from knowledge sources of different typology (experts, problem-oriented texts, electronic carriers in the form of databases) with a view to building complete and consistent knowledge bases in integrated expert systems. It describes the properties of distributed knowledge acquisition within the target-oriented methodology for building integrated expert systems and automatic technology created on its basis that includes new-generation instruments - an AT-TECHNOLOGY software complex. The problems of using the theory of multisets to join productive rules obtained from different knowledge sources are considered. 相似文献
15.
Saraschandra Karanam Guillermo Jorge-Botana Ricardo Olmos Herre van Oostendorp 《Information Retrieval》2017,20(5):456-479
Computational cognitive models developed so far do not incorporate individual differences in domain knowledge in predicting user clicks on search result pages. We address this problem using a cognitive model of information search which enables us to use two semantic spaces having a low (non-expert semantic space) and a high (expert semantic space) amount of medical and health related information to represent respectively low and high knowledge of users in this domain. We also investigated two different processes along which one can gain a larger amount of knowledge in a domain: an evolutionary and a common core process. Simulations of model click behavior on difficult information search tasks and subsequent matching with actual behavioral data from users (divided into low and high domain knowledge groups based on a domain knowledge test) were conducted. Results showed that the efficacy of modeling for high domain knowledge participants (in terms of the number of matches between the model predictions and the actual user clicks on search result pages) was higher with the expert semantic space compared to the non-expert semantic space while for low domain knowledge participants it was the other way around. When the process of knowledge acquisition was taken into account, the effect of using a semantic space based on high domain knowledge was significant only for high domain knowledge participants, irrespective of the knowledge acquisition process. The implications of these outcomes for support tools that can be built based on these models are discussed. 相似文献
16.
G. S. Osipov I. V. Smirnov I. A. Tikhomirov 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2010,37(6):432-437
A relational-situational method for analysis of natural language texts is outlined based on the theory of communicative grammar
of the Russian language and the theory of heterogeneous semantic networks. It is shown that the relational-situational method
can be used for precise search of documents in local and globalnets and electronic libraries 相似文献
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基于GATE语义标注的Web信息的自动抽取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
18.
A. E. Anisimova A. A. Ryazanova A. Yu. Shcherbakov 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2017,44(4):273-279
This paper considers a technique and software complex for isolating the semantic kernel of a text array to ensure a high degree of accuracy in the selection of CVs for relevant vacancies, the requirements for which are specified in an arbitrary text form. Such selection makes it possible to compile a stable database of vacancies and a corresponding resume database. The availability of these two databases opens the path for further highly effective automated analysis of key skills, implemented on the basis of the semantic kernel. 相似文献
19.
面向专利领域的机器翻译近年来已成为机器翻译的重要应用领域之一。本文提出了一个汉英专利文本机器翻译融合系统,该系统以规则系统为主导搭建,并把规则翻译方法和基于短语的统计翻译系统相结合。在融合系统中,规则系统主要负责源语言的分析和转换阶段的处理,生成相应的源语言句法分析树与转换树,并确定目标语言的基本句法框架。统计翻译系统则在目标语生成阶段根据生成的目标语句法结构寻找合适的对译词形,并产生最终的候选译文。通过利用自动评测指标对融合系统进行测试,融合系统的结果均优于单个规则系统和统计系统的结果,表明了融合方法的有效性和可行性,可以改善系统的翻译性能,提高翻译质量。 相似文献
20.
UMLS语义命题是用三元组表示的最小语义化知识单位,其主语和宾语都是UMLS超级叙词表中的概念,谓词是UMLS语义网络中的语义关系。UMLS语义命题的抽取过程涉及浅层句法分析、概念映射、谓词识别与语义命题生成等环节。两种以UMLS语义命题为基础的医学信息资源聚合方法——用知识单元作为资源单位的聚合方法和用文档关联数据作为资源单位的聚合方法,其聚合结果分别是知识网络和文档网络。 相似文献