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1.
目的:了解江苏省成年人肥胖与高血压的关系及分布变化趋势,为肥胖与高血压的防治工作提供科学依据。方法:利用3次国民体质调查资料,分析高血压与肥胖的分布及关系;并建立江苏省国民体质监测GIS数据库,采用空间局部内插分析方法构建江苏省成年人高血压与肥胖空间分布的数字高程模型。结果:共调查85 371人,男性高血压患病率为21.4%,高于女性的14.1%(P<0.01)。农村成年人发生高血压的比例为21.5%,高于城镇的15.7%(P<0.01);高血压患病率随着年龄和体重指数的增加而上升(P<0.01)。肥胖是导致高血压的危险因素,且年龄越小,肥胖致高血压的风险越高。成年人肥胖导致高血压总的OR值为2.66(P<0.01),其中女性为2.42(P<0.01),男性为2.69(P<0.01)。高血压的空间分布图显示,2000年成年人高血压的高发地区主要聚集与江苏北部,在江苏南部同时存在着高血压患病率相对较高的区域。在随后的10年间,北部的高发区域已经逐步蔓延到江苏中部地区,而江苏南部高血压人群的范围虽然没有明显扩大,但是高血压患病率却有明显上升。肥胖的空间分布图显示,2000年江苏省成年人肥胖高发区域主要集中在北部地区,从北部向南部肥胖率逐渐下降,从西部向东部肥胖率也呈现下降趋势。但在随后的10年间,北部与中部两个高发区域范围进一步扩大,而且,有逐渐融合的趋势。结论:江苏省成年人肥胖与高血压的患病率存在空间分布差异,且两者的高发区域都在逐渐扩大,提示肥胖与高血压的防控形势不容乐观。  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study aims to analyze changes in Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), lung function, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood pressure, in 10 healthy active elderly women, following 7 weeks of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) combined with a multicomponent training program (MCTP). The association among these health parameters, their changes after training (deltas), and the influence of MIP at baseline (MIPpre) are also considered. Methods: IMT involved 30 inspirations at 50% of the MIP, twice daily, 7 days a week, while MCTP was 1 hr, twice a week. MIP, lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%, PEF), 6MWT, and blood pressure (SBP, DBP), jointly with body composition, were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Seven weeks were enough to improved MIP (p = .019; d = 1.397), 6MWT (p = .012; d = .832), SBP (p = .003; d = 1.035) and DBP (p = .024; d = .848). Despite the high physical fitness (VO2 peak: M = 23.38, SD = 3.39 ml·min·Kg?1), MIPpre was low (M = 39.00, SD = 7.63 cmH2O) and displayed a significant negative correlation with ΔMIPpre-post (r = ?.821; p < .004), showing that women who started the intervention with lower MIP achieved higher improvements in inspiratory muscle strength after training. Conclusions: No significant changes in spirometric parameters may signal that lung function is independent of early improvements in inspiratory muscles and cardiorespiratory fitness. Absence of correlation between physical fitness and respiratory outcomes suggests that being fit does not ensure cardiorespiratory health in active elderly women, so IMT might be beneficial and should supplement the MCTP in this population.  相似文献   

3.
Negative associations between physical activity (PA), physical fitness and multiple metabolic risk factors (MMRF) in youths from populations with low PA are reported. The persistence of this association in moderately-to highly active populations is not, however, well established. The aim of the present study was to investigate this association in a Brazilian city with high frequency of active youths. We assessed 122 subjects (9.9?±?1.3 years) from Muzambinho city. Body mass index, waist circumference, glycaemia, cholesterolaemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. Maximal handgrip strength and one-mile walk/run test were used. Leisure time PA was assessed by interview. Poisson regression was used in the analysis. The model explained 11% of the total variance. Only relative muscular strength and one-mile walk/run were statistically significant (p?相似文献   

4.
文章采用问卷调查、逻辑分析等研究方法,运用社会学、体育学等多学科知识,对哈尔滨市社区妇女健身现状进行了调查分析。研究发现:目前,哈尔滨市社区妇女体育健身的参与度不高,健身项目呈地域性特点,健身场所的选择以免费的公共场所为主,锻炼的形式以个人锻炼为主。分析得出:社区妇女健身参与度不高的主要原因是受到传统文化观念的束缚、工作压力和家庭压力的双重影响以及专门针对女性健身体育场馆设施的缺乏等。因此,应转变观念,解除束缚,从行动上进行鼓励,从设施上促进参与,使之有一个健康的身心,进而促进家庭、社会的和谐。  相似文献   

5.
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6.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases rapidly worldwide, and its association with physical activity (PA) varies with race and lifestyles. Little is known about the association in rural China. The Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study recruited 13,505 female and 6997 male participants in 2007 and 2008. Socio-demographic characteristics, and physiological and behavioural data were collected. Logistic regression model was applied to estimate associations of metabolic syndrome and its components with different PAs. The overall metabolic syndrome prevalence was 21.6% in current study. Increasing total PA or moderate-to-vigorous-intensity occupational PA was associated with decreasing 5%–60% risk of having metabolic syndrome and abnormal metabolic syndrome components in both genders. An association between leisure-time PA and blood pressure was found in men, but no associations between leisure-time PA and metabolic syndrome components were found in women. Commuting PA, such as walking and taking bus, by bicycle and walking only, was associated with decrease of 20%–45% risk of several abnormal metabolic syndrome components in women. This study provides information for future investigation into the nature of these associations so that recommendations can be developed to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among rural population in China.  相似文献   

7.
目的:为了探讨血流限制训练的历史脉络、研究现状以及存在的争议。方法:通过文献资料、逻辑分析、归纳总结等研究方法梳理血流限制训练的历史脉络,进一步分析、验证其对人体健康体适能的效果以及对其存在的争议进行剖析归因。结果与结论:血流限制训练可成为传统高强度力量训练的可行替代方式,对不同人群的健康都具有积极促进作用;负荷强度≤40%1RM的血流限制训练对肌肉适能具有正向效益,在特定条件下可提高肌肉的最大力量及横截面积;血流限制训练可通过增加机体VO2max、改善血管内皮功能和外周血循环、提高心脏代谢能力达到促进心肺耐力的目的;此外,血流限制训练结合小负荷运动能够有效改善人体身体成分、显著降低体脂肪量增加幅度。提示:加压压力取值与训练的安全性是紧密相连的,对不同人群的合理加压压力取值是需要进一步监控和评估的。  相似文献   

8.
目的:观察毽球运动对中青年妇女的体重、血脂、体重指数及身体形态等指标的影响,探讨毽球运动对中青年妇女的健身作用。实验对象:13名健康中青年妇女。运动方案:毽球运动3个月,每周5次,每次1.5-2h。结果:与运动前相比,受试者体重、BMI、体脂百分数降低,有显著性或非常显著性差异(p0.05,p0.01)。与运动前相比,受试者HDL升高,有显著性差异(p0.05)。与运动前相比,受试者TC、TG降低,有显著性差异(p0.05)。与运动前相比,受试者腰围、腰臀比下降,有显著性或非常显著性差异(p0.05,p0.01);与运动前相比,受试者小腿围显著性升高,有显著性差异(p0.05)。结论:三个月毽球运动可改善中青年妇女的身体成分和血脂水平,有助于改善中青年妇女的体形和促进健康。  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

As an increase in pain symptoms among children has been shown in the last decades, the aim of this study was to describe perceptions of recurrent pain, measured physical fitness and levels of reported physical activity (PA) in children, and to investigate if any associations between PA, fitness and recurrent pain could be identified. A school-based study comprised 206 Swedish children 8–12 years old, 114 boys, 92 girls. A questionnaire with questions about perceived pain, self-reported PA and lifestyle factors was used. Health-related fitness was assessed by 11 physical tests. A physical index was calculated from these tests as a z score. High physical index indicated high fitness and low physical index indicated low fitness. ANOVA test, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to compare active and inactive children. The prevalence of one pain location (head, abdomen or back) was 26%, two 11% and three 4% (n=206). Female gender, living in single-parent families, low PA and low subjective health were associated with reported recurrent pain. Children reporting high levels of PA had high physical index and reported low prevalence of pain symptoms. The physical index and level of self-reported PA decreased gradually the more pain locations. Physically active children had higher fitness levels and reported less pain symptoms than inactive peers. Coping with pain is an integral part of PA, and active children learn to cope with unpleasant body sensations which together with high fitness may reduce the perception of pain.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

Physical fitness performance is an important health correlate yet is often unrelated to sedentary behaviour in early adolescence. In this study, we examined the association of sedentary behaviour (i.e. screen time) with weight-related health markers and blood pressure, after controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness performance. American middle school students (N = 153, 56% females) aged 11–15 years (mean 12.6 years, s = 0.5) completed assessments of cardiorespiratory fitness performance, screen time, weight status (BMI percentile, waist-to-height ratio), and blood pressure. Multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness performance, found those who met the daily recommendation of 2 h or less of screen time (n = 36, 23.5%) had significantly lower BMI (p < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01) compared with those who exceeded this recommendation. Findings suggest specific intervention programmes may be designed to target both cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behaviours to maximize early adolescent health because these behaviours are likely to have unique and independent effects on youth health markers.  相似文献   

11.
依据《2010年苏州市国民体质监测数据库》选取成年女性的腰围、臀围、血压等相关数据指标,计算成年女性腰臀比值并进行分组,通过对正常组(WHR1)和超常组(WHR2)的相关数据的比较分析,寻找成女性腰臀比值与血压之间的变化规律,为提高成年女性的体质健康和全民健身活动提供科学的参考依据。  相似文献   

12.
本文对我国北部地区农村妇女体育锻炼状况及影响因素进行研究,结果显示:(1)农村妇女的体育锻炼参与程度较低;(2)农村妇女的体育锻炼的群体化、社会化、组织化程度较低,缺乏体育锻炼的专业指导人士.影响农村妇女参加体育锻炼的因素包括以下几个方面(1)收入水平、锻炼价值认知等;(2)健康意识、生活习惯、教育程度、锻炼意识;(3)政府主导成分、社团参与成分、宣传力度;(4)余闲时间、农活劳累等.针对上述情况提出相应的建议,以期为农村体育运动的深入开展提供参考借鉴.  相似文献   

13.
刘娜  刘鲲 《四川体育科学》2013,(5):39-41,66
运用健身气功·马王堆导引术对高血压患者进行运动干预,能够达到以下效果：生理领域方面,改善患者的疲倦状态和睡眠质量,提高精力水平;心理领域方面,改善患者的心理健康,降低一定的消极思想,能够对他们的学习、记忆及注意力方面有所提高;社会关系领域方面,对患者练习来说简单易行,容易接受,同时能够改善人际关系,对积极降低血压有着十分重要的作用。  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Abstract

This study explores the often overlooked experiences of women with physical disabilities in the sport and physical fitness activity domain. Interviews with 16 women with a physical disability (age range of 19–54 years) revealed the following major themes: (a) participation in fitness-related as opposed to sport-related activities, (b) participation to maintain the functional level of the body and preserve existing capabilities, (c) intrinsic nature of gains derived from participation (perceived competence, enhanced view of body, motivational outlet, control in life), and (d) perceived differences in the sport and physical fitness activity experiences of men and women with disabilities. Findings support the notion that gender and disability interact in the sport and physical fitness context for women with physical disabilities.  相似文献   

16.
体育是促进健康的重要方式,然而现实中农村妇女健康状况令人忧虑,其体育参与也面临层层障碍。为消除农村妇女体育参与的困境,探索体育促进农村妇女健康的行动策略,以女性主义身体理论为指导,以广场健身舞为干预手段,对广东省清远市J村妇女进行健康促进的体育行动研究。发现:体育不仅能使农村妇女的健康状况得到改善,更能促进其健康生活方式的形成、自我认同的加强、社会支持的增多。认为:体育的健康行动策略需从“自我关注的提升”“自由的获得”“身体的掌控”“网络的构建”等4个方面进行规划,使农村妇女运动的主体性得以释放与满足,实现农村妇女的全面健康。  相似文献   

17.
We sought to determine the sex-specific effects of an acute bout of free-weight resistance exercise (RE) on pulse wave reflection (aortic blood pressures, augmentation index (AIx), AIx at 75?bpm (AIx@75), augmentation pressure (AP), time of the reflected wave (Tr), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR)), and aortic arterial stiffness in resistance-trained individuals. Resistance-trained men (n?=?14) and women (n?=?12) volunteered to participate in the study. Measurements were taken in the supine position at rest, and 10 minutes after 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% 1-repetition maximum on the squat, bench press, and deadlift. A 2?×?2?×?2 ANOVA was used to analyse the effects of sex (men, women) across condition (RE, control) and time (rest, recovery). There were no differences between sexes across conditions and time. There was no effect of the RE on brachial or aortic blood pressures. There were significant condition?×?time interactions for AIx (rest: 12.1?±?7.9%; recovery: 19.9?±?10.5%, p?=?.003), AIx@75 (rest: 5.3?±?7.9%; recovery: 24.5?±?14.3%, p?=?.0001), AP (rest: 4.9?±?2.8?mmHg; recovery: 8.3?±?6.0?mmHg, p?=?.004), and aortic arterial stiffness (rest: 5.3?±?0.6?ms; recovery: 5.9?±?0.7?ms, p?=?.02) with significant increases during recovery from the acute RE. There was also a significant condition?×?time for time of the reflected wave (rest: 150?±?7?ms; recovery: 147?±?9?ms, p?=?.02) and SEVR (rest: 147?±?17%; recovery: 83?±?24%, p?=?.0001) such that they were reduced during recovery from the acute RE compared to the control. These data suggest that an acute bout of RE increases AIx, AIx@75, and aortic arterial stiffness similarly between men and women without significantly altering aortic blood pressures.  相似文献   

18.
目的：了解江苏省不同地区农村居民的体质健康现状,把握2000年到2005年农村居民体质水平的变化趋势。方法：采用卡方检验,比较不同年份和地区的体质等级水平情况,使用方差分析、t检验比较年份、地区的体质总分改变情况。结论：苏南地区农村居民体质水平变动不大,苏中有明显改善,但不合格率仍处于较高水平,苏北的体质水平整体有所下降。为加快社会主义新农村建设,应加强农村居民体育锻炼,做好农村居民体质水平宣教工作,全面提高农民素质。  相似文献   

19.
Because of the perceived lack of youth physical fitness and/or concerns for increased obesity, physical education teachers are interested in youth fitness and physical activity levels. Statewide mandates are being developed that require school-based teachers to complete physical fitness testing. Data from the nationally representative School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 were analyzed to investigate the prevalence of fitness testing and the professional characteristics of fitness test users. Data were collected with teachers of either randomly selected classes in elementary schools and randomly selected required physical education courses in middle/junior high and senior high schools (N = 1,564). The prevalence of fitness test use is 65% across all school levels. Variables associated with physical fitness test usage were professionally oriented. Results showed that teachers in secondary schools (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = I.18-4.27), those with degrees in physical education/kinesiology-related disciplines (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.11-3.63), and those who had completed staff development on physical fitness testing (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.86-5.60) were more likely than respondents without these characteristics to engage in physical fitness testing. Results changed little when separate analyses were conducted for classes/courses in districts requiring versus not requiring fitness testing. Financial variables, including fitness-oriented facilities available, metropolitan location, and discretionary expenditures per student, were not associated with fitness test use. Results provided national prevalence of school-based physical fitness testing use in the U. S. and conveyed information about those who currently use physical fitness tests.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

The aims of this study were: (1) to characterize selected fitness and health attributes of two types of habitual recreational off-road vehicle riders – off-road motorcyclists and all-terrain vehicle riders; (2) to explore differences among riders in terms of vehicle type, age, and gender; and (3) to compare the fitness and health of riders to population norms and clinical health standards. Canadian off-road riders (n = 141) of both sexes aged 16 years and over were recruited through local and national off-road riding organizations. Anthropometry, fitness, and health measures of off-road motorcycle and all-terrain vehicle riders were compared with population norms, health standards, and physical activity guidelines. Off-road motorcycle riders had above average aerobic fitness (79th percentile), while all-terrain vehicle riders were lower than average (40th percentile). All riders had a healthy blood lipid profile and a low incidence of the metabolic syndrome (12.9%) compared with members of the general population. Off-road motorcycle riders had healthier body composition and fitness than all-terrain vehicle riders; however, the body composition of off-road motorcycle riders was no healthier than that of the general population and all-terrain vehicle riders were worse than the general population. Off-road motorcycle riders had healthier anthropometry and fitness than all-terrain vehicle riders and thus fewer health risk factors for future disease, demonstrating that the physiological profiles of off-road riders are dependent on vehicle type.  相似文献   

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