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1.
Unlike competitive higher education systems, non-competitive systems show relatively uniform distributions of top researchers and low performers among universities. In this study, we examine the impact of unproductive and top faculty members on overall research performance of the university they belong to. Furthermore, we analyze the potential relationship between research productivity of a university and the indexes of concentration of unproductive and top researchers. Research performance is evaluated using a bibliometric approach, through publications indexed on the Web of Science between 2004 and 2008. The set analyzed consists of all Italian universities active in the hard sciences. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(3):830-840
This study inserts in the stream of research on the perverse effects that PBRF systems can induce in the subjects evaluated. The authors’ opinion is that more often than not, it is the doubtful scientific basis of the evaluation criteria that leave room for opportunistic behaviors. The work examines the 2004–2010 Italian national research assessment (VQR) to test the lack of possible opportunistic behavior by universities in order to limit the penalization of their performance (and funding) due to the presence of scientifically unproductive professors in faculty. In particular, institutions may have favored “gift authorship” practices. The analysis thus focuses on the output of professors who were unproductive in the VQR publication window, but became productive (“new productives”) in the following five years. A number of universities show a higher than average share of publications by new productives that are in co-authorship exclusively with colleagues from the same university. Although this might be thought to reflect opportunistic behavior by universities, the empirical evidence does not support this assumption. 相似文献
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In this work we investigate the sensitivity of individual researchers’ productivity rankings to the time of citation observation. The analysis is based on observation of research products for the 2001–2003 triennium for all research staff of Italian universities in the hard sciences, with the year of citation observation varying from 2004 to 2008. The 2008 rankings list is assumed the most accurate, as citations have had the longest time to accumulate and thus represent the best possible proxy of impact. By comparing the rankings lists from each year against the 2008 benchmark we provide policy-makers and research organization managers a measure of trade-off between timeliness of evaluation execution and accuracy of performance rankings. The results show that with variation in the evaluation citation window there are variable rates of inaccuracy across the disciplines of researchers. The inaccuracy results negligible for Physics, Biology and Medicine. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(2):101292
The early academic beginning is critical in the development of a researcher's academic career because it helps determine one's further success. We aim to shed light on the path that drives the success of talents in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) by investigating the academic education background of distinguished AI researchers and analyzing the contribution of different educational factors to their research performance. In this study, we collected and coded the curriculum vitae of 1832 AI researchers. Results show that most AI researchers were educated in the United States and obtained their highest degrees from top universities. As for their educational background, approximately 18.27% of AI researchers chose non-AI majors, such as mathematics, physics, and chemistry, instead of AI-related majors, such as computer science. Furthermore, negative binomial regression analysis demonstrates that individuals who publish more during study period will have better research output, whether they are currently in academia or industry. Researchers in academia with overseas degrees published more articles than those without overseas degrees. In terms of interdisciplinary education, a mathematics background leads to increased research visibility of AI researchers in the industry but depresses the scholarly productivity of AI researchers in academia. Academic qualification is the main factor determining the scientific performance of AI researchers in industry, which is not the case in academia. The analysis also showed that individuals who graduated from more prestigious universities tended to receive more citations than those graduating from less famous universities. Moreover, AI researchers in academia who have graduated from prestigious universities seem to pay more attention to the quality of the papers rather than the quantity. 相似文献
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Armando Calabrese Guendalina Capece Roberta Costa Francesca Di Pillo Stefania Giuffrida 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(4):1263-1281
The knowledge production provided by universities is essential to sustaining a country’s long-term economic growth and international competitiveness. Many nations are thus driving to create sustainable and effective funding environments. The evaluation of university knowledge, productivity and research quality becomes critical, with ever increasing share of public funding allocated on the basis of research assessment exercises. Nevertheless, the existing methods to assess the universities’ knowledge production are often affected by limits and biases, extensively discussed in the scientific literature.In this paper we study how to reduce the effect of size-related bias due to university size on the indicators of knowledge performance used in evaluation exercises. We propose an innovative utilization of the scale-free property of the power laws as a scaling relationship, to normalize research productivity indicators, and provide results independent by the university size. Our method has evident policy implications and gives a contribution for the future design of assessment exercises.We apply our findings in a recent Italian research assessment exercise. 相似文献
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分析了高校科学研究活动与高校图书馆系统所能够提供的科研、学术资源之间的相关性。研究发现高校科研活动与图书馆提供的学术资源之间存在显著相关。回归分析表明,高校图书馆文献资源购置费用越高、馆藏量越多、职工人数越多,图书馆对高校科研竞争力的贡献越大。因此,为了提升我国高校科研竞争力,必须制定相关政策,激励高校加大对图书馆的投入。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]科研评价中,短时间引文窗口下的学科标准化指标往往是不可靠的,因为这时论文发表的时间较短,还没有充足的时间获取被引次数.然而,各种标准化方法本身并不能解决这一问题.研究旨在解决这一科研评价中的难题.[方法/过程]研究引入一个权重因素以表示每篇论文标准分的可靠程度,权重由论文在给定的短时间窗口下的被引次数与长... 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(3):766-775
National policies aimed at fostering the effectiveness of scientific systems should be based on reliable strategic analysis identifying strengths and weaknesses at field level. Approaches and indicators thus far proposed in the literature have not been completely satisfactory, since they fail to distinguish the effect of the size of production factors from that of their quality, particularly the quality of labor. The current work proposes an innovative “input-oriented” approach, which permits: (i) estimation of national research performance in a field and comparison to that of other nations, independent of the size of their respective research staffs; and, for fields of comparable intensity of publication, (ii) identification of the strong and weak research fields within a national research system on the basis of international comparison. In reference to the second objective, the proposed approach is applied to the Italian case, through the analysis of the 2006–2010 scientific production of the Italian academic system, in the 200 research fields where bibliometric analysis is meaningful. 相似文献
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中美一流大学图书馆学科馆员比较研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
通过全面比较分析中美前20名一流大学图书馆学科馆员的功能描述和设置情况得出四点启示:一是我国学科馆员发展处于联络与初级咨询阶段,应该渐进实施;二是主张学科馆员积极参加科研学术活动;三是注重学科馆员的宣传,并突出其岗位重点,积极与其它馆员协作;四是学科馆员的发展方向是学科文献专家. 相似文献
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根据泰晤士网2019年公布的日本大学排行榜,论文选择前20所高校,从馆藏构成、资源建设及公开展示与推介等三个方面,对日本一流高校图书馆文化遗产特色馆藏建设与服务情况进行分析和总结,并结合当前我国高校图书馆特色馆藏建设现状提出相应改进策略,以期为我国高校建设一流图书馆提供参考。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]梳理国内外农业科学数据监管的研究进展,发现该领域国内外研究存在的问题,明晰其发展趋势。[方法/过程]主要采用对比分析的方法,通过对Web of Science数据库的检索,对于ESI排名前几名的国内外主要农业高水平大学科学数据监管问题进行对比研究,对比的焦点集中在机构库的建设、平台和导航的建设、专门的监管机构、DMP及其开发工具和DC信息素养教育等方面。[结果/结论]研究发现,目前我国农业科学数据监管与国外发展存在很大差距,尤其是对农业科学实验数据的监管方面,可以说比较落后,为缩短差距,提高服务质量,指出我国农业高水平大学科学数据监管未来可能出现的几大研究动向与发展对策,抓住农业大数据这个新的科研热点,结合我国国情,开展农业科学数据的开放与共享。 相似文献
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The study explores the characteristics of China's independent research articles published from 1980 to 2011, based on the database of Science Citation Index Expanded. The publication outputs of seven major industrialized countries including Canada, France, Japan, Germany, Italy, the UK, and the USA were compared with China. Annual production, field performance, research emphases and trends, top articles, as well as main institutional and individual contributors by its top cited articles were analyzed. Some newly developed indicators related to words in title, author keywords, KeyWords Plus, first author, corresponding author, and Y-index were employed to provide in-depth information on topic and author contributions. Results showed that China has been closing the gap with the USA with the greatest growth, and has stood the second since 2006. Most top cited articles were published in 2000s, made up approximately seven tenths of total articles. Pronounced activities were found in chemistry and physics related categories. The core categories included multidisciplinary chemistry, physical chemistry, multidisciplinary materials science, and applied physics. Moreover, China's performance of nanotechnology and science, especially carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanostructures showed dramatic growth. Six top articles with at least 1000 citations were examined, and were observed to concern medicine, nanotube, and adsorption. In addition, main contributing institutions and authors were also revealed and evaluated. Chinese Academy of Sciences played a dominant role, and Tsinghua University, Peking University and five universities in Hong Kong showed good scientific performance. 相似文献
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Scientists from universities are becoming more proactive in their efforts to commercialize research results. Patenting, as an important channel of university knowledge transfer, has initiated a controversy on potential effects for the future of scientific research. This paper contributes to the growing study on the relationship between patenting and publishing among faculty members with China's evidence in the field of nanotechnology. Data from top 32 most prolific universities in patenting are used to examine the relationship, consisting of 6321 confirmed academic inventors who both publish and patent over the time period 1991–2008. By controlling for heterogeneity of patenting activities, patenting experience, institutional affiliation and collaboration with foreign researchers, the findings in China's nanotechnology generally support earlier investigations concluding that patenting activity does not adversely affect research output. Patenting, however, has negative impacts on both quantity and quality of university researchers’ publication output, when the assignee lists include corporations or scientists themselves. 相似文献
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While self-archiving gains more traction as a means for scholars to make their research freely available, a perception persists that certain disciplines in the humanities lag behind the sciences in this regard. This article investigates the rate of self-archiving by scholars contributing to the top journals in the field of music, a discipline that traditionally falls within the humanities, although research in the field is highly interdisciplinary and draws heavily on multiple scientific fields. The contributors to these journals come from a range of background and interests, and represent colleges and universities from six continents. 相似文献
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This research presents a new metrics to measure and assess the scientific performance of public research institutes, which improves models based on standard multivariate techniques. These models called Research Lab Evaluation (RELEV) adjusted are successfully applied to Italian public research institutes, operating in five scientific fields. In addition, the paper presents a comparison between this method and the Data Envelopment Analysis to show some analogies and differences in the results. 相似文献
18.
认为高校科研教学活动中用户对于机构知识库自存储的需求真实存在,但对机构知识库不了解、不理解,导致了自存储积极性不高。探讨通过建立以用户需求为导向的机构知识库自存储服务机制,如采取提供一站式数字信息共享空间,建立基于IR的个人科研绩效管理体系,制定富有弹性的自存储政策等措施,来解除科研人员的后顾之忧,提高其自存储积极性,从根本上改变机构知识库资源存储不足的现状,促进我国高校机构知识库的可持续发展。 相似文献
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We study how scholar collaboration varies across disciplines in science, social science, arts and humanities and the effects of author collaboration on impact and quality of co-authored papers. Impact is measured with the aid of citations collected by papers, while quality is determined by the judgements expressed by peer reviewers. To this end, we take advantage of the dataset provided by the first-ever national research assessment exercise of Italian universities, which involved 20 disciplinary areas, 102 research structures, 18,500 research products, and 6661 peer reviewers. Collaboration intensity neatly varies across disciplines: it is inescapable is most sciences and negligible in most humanities. We measured a general positive association between cardinality of the author set of a paper and citation count as well as peer quality of the contribution. The correlation is stronger when the affiliations of authors are heterogeneous. There exist, however, notable and interesting counter-examples. 相似文献
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What are the conditions of the sales and purchases of translation rights in the Italian Market? The article summarizes and compares the results of two research studies conducted, respectively in 2003 and 2008 by the Italian Trade Commission as part of the initiatives planned in the Sector agreement stipulated among the Italian Ministry for Productive Activity, the Italian Publishing Association and the Italian Trade Commission. The objective is to optimize synergies between public and private activities in Italy in order to increase the export activity of the publishing industry sector. Both years the survey has been conducted by DOXA, a major Italian statistic research company. The researches focused on three fundamental variables: the geographical area in which a sales-purchases relationship is established, the genre of the books and the size of the companies involved by the phenomenon. 相似文献