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1.
通过家长问卷筛查自闭症谱系障碍儿童是为常见,然运用问卷来区分功能则,本研究欲探索其可能性.结合我国社会文化编制了用于甄别自闭症谱系障碍儿童和区分其功能的家长访谈问卷,并运用该问卷对全国11个城市的2901名1-6岁普通儿童和119名自闭症谱系障碍儿童家长进行了实际调查.调查结果表明,运用该问卷既可甄别又可有效地区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童不同功能.说明运用家长问卷甄别与区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童的功能具有可行性. 相似文献
2.
在普通儿童语言发展的早期阶段就具有将新异词语与所指事物进行“快速映射”的词语习得能力,但有明显语言发展障碍的自闭症谱系障碍儿童是否也存在这种“快速映射”能力呢?本文回顾并评析过去15年间国外关于自闭症谱系障碍儿童在基本映射条件下、社会性映射条件下和非社会性映射条件下词语习得能力的相关研究,发现自闭症谱系障碍儿童不能像普通儿童一样灵活自如地运用各种线索、技能或策略来学习词语. 相似文献
3.
《儿童入学成熟水平诊断量表》的研制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
当前,为数不少的孩子由于没有达到入学成熟水平而沦为"陪读",因此,如何让每个孩子有尊严地开始其学生生涯就成为教育必须关注的话题.本研究从对幼儿园五大领域教育目标和小学课程目标的分析入手,借鉴国外有关"入学准备"的研究,从视知觉能力、听知觉能力、运动与协调能力、知觉转换能力、数学准备、情绪与社会性、学习品质、言语与语言等8个维度来制定<儿童入学成熟水平诊断量表>,以此考察儿童的入学成熟水平.利用SPSS统计软件包对采集数据进行分析,结果显示,所编制量表的信度和效度处于心理测量标准的可接受范围内,可以作为评定儿童入学成熟水平的测量工具. 相似文献
4.
以《儿童入学成熟水平诊断量表》作为工具,对北京城乡165名5-6岁的儿童入学成熟水平进行测查,结果显示：除了在运动协调能力及学习品质两个维度上城乡儿童不存在统计学上差异外,其他六个维度,即视知觉能力、听知觉能力、知觉转换能力、数学能力、语言沟通能力及社会适应能力,城区儿童明显优于农村儿童。存在这一城乡差距的原因在于幼儿园教育质量、家庭因素、儿童配合度等方面,建议政府加大农村公立幼儿园建设力度、加强农村幼儿园教育质量提升、实施农村家庭教育辅助计划。 相似文献
5.
本实验比较了12位自闭症谱系儿童和12位年龄及非语言智商匹配的聋童、12位年龄及语言智商匹配的智力障碍儿童手势模仿能力.研究发现:(1)自闭症谱系儿童手部模仿能力明显落后于聋童,略高于智力障碍儿童;(2)身体部位定向的困难可能是自闭症谱系儿童无意义手势模仿的主要障碍;(3)运用自我一他人投射理论可以有效地解释自闭症谱系儿童的模仿缺陷和特异性的错误类型. 相似文献
6.
入学准备是学龄前儿童为了能够从即将开始的正规学校教育中受益所需要具备的各种关键特征或基础条件。自闭症儿童的社交互动障碍与行为问题使其容易受到入学准备不足的影响,对参与融合教育造成困难。目前国外通过课程和量表两种方式评估自闭症儿童入学阶段的优弱势,基于学校和家庭方面开发了多种早期干预项目,为我国开展自闭症儿童入学准备关键影响因素、评估工具研究、探索入学准备的早期干预提供了借鉴。 相似文献
7.
方红娣 《幼儿100(教师版)》2018,(11):34-38
自闭症又称为自闭症谱系障碍(ASD),在1943年首次被利奥·坎纳报道。近十年来,自闭症患儿的数量迅速增加已经成为不争的事实。随着对特殊教育的关注,轻度自闭症儿童在普通幼儿园接受融合教育的方式正在推行。在学前融合教育中,我们针对自闭症儿童社交能力的提升,尝试了通过角色游戏克服社交障碍、提升社会交往能力的干预方法。 相似文献
8.
调查发现,自闭症谱系障碍儿童数量呈增长趋势。通过对一名自闭谱系障碍儿童一年时间的跟踪研究,观察、记录、分析其典型行为,并同步争取家长的配合,营造接纳的环境,以游戏提高其认知能力。事实证明,有效的干预措施能够促进研究对象的社会认知和人际交流能力的发展。 相似文献
9.
《宁波教育学院学报》2020,(3):113-118
儿童广泛性发育障碍,又称自闭症(孤独症)谱系障碍,是一组以交流语言障碍和行为异常为特征的发育障碍性疾病。早期干预是目前被认为最有效的治疗方案。语言干预在早期干预中占有重要地位。提高自闭症谱系障碍儿童的语言使用能力有利于其与外界进行交流与沟通。通过分析总结出适用于自闭症儿童在幼儿园环境中进行语用干预的基本模式。结果表明,语用干预的实施有利于自闭症谱系儿童接受融合教育,最终实现各方面能力的全面进步,迈出融入社会的第一步。 相似文献
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11.
Katharine L. Brodzeller Jennifer R. Ottley Jeesun Jung Christan G. Coogle 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2018,46(3):277-286
The inclusive education of children with disabilities is considered best practice, yet many early childhood educators feel unprepared to deliver appropriate instruction for children with disabilities and often require supports to successfully meet the children’s unique needs. Young children experiencing autism spectrum disorder are being diagnosed at a young age and they are commonly receiving their education within inclusive early childhood settings. This article presents two methods to meet the needs of children with autism spectrum disorder. First, early childhood educators can provide interventions tailored to the children’s learning needs. Second, educators can adapt the environment, materials, activity, instruction, and assistance they provide so that each child is appropriately supported, while still being encouraged to succeed as independently as possible. This article summarizes research-based interventions and adaptations that early childhood educators can implement within inclusive settings to meet the diverse needs of young children with autism spectrum disorder and presents a case study to describe how these practices can support young children with autism spectrum disorder within inclusive settings. 相似文献
12.
美国循证实践在自闭症谱系障碍儿童干预中的应用及其对我国的启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
国际趋势表明自闭症谱系障碍儿童干预方法的有效性需循证实践来检验。美国自闭症干预方法的循证实践过程经历了研究文献筛选、建立证据强度分类系统、干预次级分类系统三个阶段,循证实践结果将当前的自闭症干预方法划分为已经证实有效的方法、正在形成有效的方法、尚未证实的方法。我国自闭症教育研究者及临床工作者应遵循循证实践,科学选择干预方法。 相似文献
13.
孤独症谱系儿童的典型特点之一是社会性发展障碍,目前国外有许多针对孤独症谱系儿童的社会交往干预方式,近几年也出现了视觉文本干预方式的研究,因此,需要对视觉文本干预方式的有效性进行分析。通过对国外文献的查询、整理和分析,发现各研究结果均显示出视觉文本干预能够增加儿童积极的沟通行为,社会交往也能够泛化到新的同伴、新的环境以及新的刺激当中。 相似文献
14.
EILEEN O'CONNOR 《Support for Learning》2009,24(3):133-136
The study outlined here was an attempt to examine the use of Social Story DVDs as a single‐intervention approach in addressing the issue of anxiety around turn taking in a child with dual diagnosis of autism and learning disability. The child selected was in a school for children with additional needs. The child was taught in a daily session focusing on the Social Story DVD materials around ‘turn taking’ and accompanying ‘turn‐taking’ activities. Immediate peers were also included in the ‘turn‐taking’ sessions and the child would incorporate these skills with his peers in the classroom setting. The results showed that only through combining strategies and combining interventions can the diverse range of individual needs of those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and learning disability be met. Using a sole intervention to address specific social deficits misses the complexity of ASD and each individual's uniqueness. 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to compare visual and verbal memory in children with nonverbal learning disability (NLD) using the Children's Memory Scale and to identify the profile of strengths and weaknesses in visual memory abilities. Performance was significantly lower on measures of visual than verbal memory, indicating that children with NLD have deficits in visual memory despite adequate verbal memory. A unique pattern of performance emerged for the visual but not the verbal subtests. Performance on the Faces Immediate subtest was well below average, although other measures of visual memory were within the average range. Hence, it appears that children with NLD have a specific deficit on immediate memory for faces. This facial memory deficit may be linked to a deficit in right hemisphere functioning, which has already been implicated in facial processing and may also be linked with other disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) in which similar facial processing deficits have been documented. More research is needed to further understand the visual memory profile of children with NLD and to inform instruction and remediation. 相似文献
16.
孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童是一群存在社交沟通障碍并且行为重复刻板的孩子,在症状和严重程度上存在着连续性特征,其中一部分ASD儿童具有接受普通教育的可能,将其与发育落后儿童一起进行小组教学,互相取长补短,对于两类孩子的生涯发展都大有裨益,这种联合教育的模式就是混合教育模式.另一部分ASD儿童或者属于中重度范畴,或者随着年龄的增长而出现能力的倒退和停滞,针对这些儿童,建议采用传统的教育康复模式.论文作者在证明教育康复对于孤独症谱系障碍儿童社会交往障碍具有明显效果的基础上,验证了教育实践中因材施教,区分使用混合教育和传统教育的必要性. 相似文献
17.
Noriko Porter 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2012,40(3):161-167
The purpose of this paper is to describe effective methods of developing pretend play that is intrinsically motivating for
young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the topic of circumscribed interests. Children with ASD often develop
very specialized interests, known as Circumscribed Interests (CI). However, their limited and intense interests are often
perceived by others, especially by parents, as interfering with their learning and social interactions with others. This paper
reports how one parent fostered pretend play in her preschool child with autism based on his CI in “trains.” Four steps for
promoting pretend play for preschool children with autism using their topic of interest are presented. These include (1) Creating
a web, (2) Modeling pretend play through use of divergent materials, (3) Modeling verbal interaction in pretend play, and
(4) Providing theme boxes and field trips/excursions. The author concludes that the four steps are useful for not only fostering
their active involvement in pretend play, but also in helping their topic of special interest expand into a wide range of
pretend play. In addition, creating webs based on CI may enable caregivers or teachers to intentionally provide meaningful
experience with specific outcomes in mind for children with autism. 相似文献
18.
Ian M. Grey Cora Bruton Rita Honan Roisin McGuinness Michael Daly 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2007,23(4):317-327
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a cooperative learning (CL) intervention on the levels of social and task engagement of a child with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) conducted in a mainstream class setting and a child with ASD implemented in a special needs class setting. The target children were two 8‐year‐old boys diagnosed with high functioning autism. Both children were placed in CL groups which included three typically developing peers, one male and two females. Four baseline sessions taught in a traditional teaching format and seven CL intervention sessions based on a “learning together/conceptual approach” took place. All sessions were recorded for video analysis. CL was found to be successful in substantially increasing the level of social engagement for both the child in the special needs class and the child in the mainstream class. CL was not found to facilitate task engagement. Active task engagement was found to remain relatively stable and passive task engagement was found to decrease for one child and remain stable for the other. Teacher concerns and issues relating to the practical implementation of CL in both settings are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Developmental Trajectories in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders: The First 3 Years
Rebecca J. Landa Alden L. Gross Elizabeth A. Stuart Ashley Faherty 《Child development》2013,84(2):429-442
Retrospective studies indicate 2 major classes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) onset: early and later, after a period of relatively healthy development. This prospective, longitudinal study examined social, language, and motor trajectories in 235 children with and without a sibling with autism, ages 6–36 months. Children were grouped as: ASD identified by 14 months, ASD identified after 14 months, and no ASD. Despite groups' initial similar developmental level at 6 months, ASD groups exhibited atypical trajectories thereafter. Impairment from 14 to 24 months was greater in the Early‐ASD than the Later‐ASD group, but comparable at 36 months. Developmental plateau and regression occurred in some children with ASD, regardless of timing of ASD diagnosis. Findings indicate a preclinical phase of varying duration for ASD. 相似文献
20.
Faces Do Not Capture Special Attention in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Change Blindness Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yukiko Kikuchi Atsushi Senju Yoshikuni Tojo Hiroo Osanai Toshikazu Hasegawa 《Child development》2009,80(5):1421-1433
Two experiments investigated attention of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to faces and objects. In both experiments, children (7- to 15-year-olds) detected the difference between 2 visual scenes. Results in Experiment 1 revealed that typically developing children ( n = 16) detected the change in faces faster than in objects, whereas children with ASD ( n = 16) were equally fast in detecting changes in faces and objects. These results were replicated in Experiment 2 ( n = 16 in children with ASD and 22 in typically developing children), which does not require face recognition skill. Results suggest that children with ASD lack an attentional bias toward others' faces, which could contribute to their atypical social orienting. 相似文献