共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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科学的营养补充对青少年短道速滑运动员的体力和运动能力的发挥以及运动后的恢复起着至关重要的作用。针对短道速滑项群特点、青少年发育特征和训练环境特点等项目特点,总结出青少年短道速滑运动员在训练中所需能量为热量、碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、水和无机盐和维生素;并分别提出各种所需能量营养补充的方法和手段,为青少年短道速滑运动员的训练和比赛提供理论参考。 相似文献
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本文对儿童和少年在运动训练中的营养问题进行了探讨,表明运动训练的儿童和少年对营养物质的和能量的消耗与成人相比有很大的差异,而且儿童青少年运动员所需的营养物质是否比不活动的同龄人就正常生长和发育及理想的行为所需的蛋白质更多一些,这一点目前还不清楚.另外要注意儿童少年在干热环境中的大量失水,必须重视水的适宜补充. 相似文献
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很多优秀运动员的训练从青少年时期就已经开始了。青少年运动员良好的身体素质以及科学的训练方法和很好训练效果,都与合理的运动营养搭配密切相关。但是,青少年运动员的营养补充和成年运动员又略有不同。本文分别从蛋白质,脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素以及矿物质等多方面对青少年运动员的营养补充进行综述。 相似文献
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青少年速滑运动员的营养需求高于普通青少年,也有别于其他项目运动员。从碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、无机盐、膳食纤维等方面加以分析,应用饮食营养干预和运动营养补剂全面调整其营养水平,保证其生长发育和日常训练需要。日常饮食供应充足碳水化合物,增加优质蛋白质摄入,限制脂肪供应比例,均衡适量补充维生素和无机盐,及时充分补水,适度摄入膳食纤维;应用运动营养补剂弥补饮食摄入不足,供应运动饮料满足训练需求,补充优质蛋白质促进疲劳恢复,按需补充钙和铁等补剂;同时加强运动营养知识的宣传教育,加强相关工作人员培训,建立完善的膳食营养管理体系。提升青少年速滑运动员营养水平,夯实其体能基础,进一步提高运动成绩。 相似文献
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研究的主要目的是探讨青少年运动员对营养知识的掌握、饮食习惯的现状和膳食营养状况，为指导运动员合理膳食营养及开展营养知识宣传教育提供依据。研究方法：本研究以浦东新区青少年运动员为对象，共302人。采用膳食调查和营养知识和饮食习惯的问卷调查。研究结果：男、女青少年运动员的能量摄入量均不足；青少年运动员营养知识的获取方面，91%的调查对象没有接受过营养知识的教育。研究结论与建议：青少年运动员营养知识匮乏，因而导致他们对运动训练的营养补充问题掌握不好。 相似文献
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Oded Bar-Or Linda Houtkooper Susan Barr Anita Rivera-Brown Michael Bergeron Tom Rowland Ruth Carey Suzanne Steen Priscilla Clarkson 《体育科学》2001,21(5):89-93
1. 儿童青少年运动员应该食用多样化的食物，其中，蛋白质应占膳食总能量的12％-15％，碳水化合物至少占55％，而脂肪至多占30％。日常生活中如何吃才能满足这些要求呢？膳食指南宝塔提供了一条可行之道。2.有些营养素对热爱运动的儿童青少年运动员非常重要，要保证摄入充足，这些营养素是碳水化合物（包括纤维素）、维生素B6、维生素D、铁、钙、镁、锌、铬。科学合理、包罗各类食物的平衡膳食，对青少年运动员最大程度地全面摄取各种营养素，满足生长发育和运动训练的需要，是非常必要的。3.鼓励儿童青少年运动员在运动训练前、中、后进行补液，以避免脱水的发生。4.如果膳食合理平衡，就没必要额外补充营养品。 相似文献
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在健美比赛中,肌肉的围度和清晰度是评判运动员水平的关键标准。健美运动在非赛季增肌期的目的为增加肌肉围度和重量,而在赛前减脂期的目的则为最大程度的减少体脂肪、保持瘦体重。从非赛季增肌期的能量摄入、三大营养素(蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪)的摄入量和比例、训练前后的营养补充以及赛前减脂期能量摄入、三大营养素的摄入比例和赛前一周的营养等方面的研究进展进行综述,以对健美运动员和健美爱好者的营养补充提供科学的建议。 相似文献
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补充营养是中长跑运动训练中十分重要的问题。多年来,营养学专家、教练员、运动员以及体育科研人员都在积极地寻求中长跑运动训练中人体所需要的营养究竟怎样补充和摄取,尤其是那些渴望成为奥运冠军和进一步提高运动成绩的运动员,都在千方百计地研究科学补充和摄取人体营养的方法。水和能量是营养补充和体力恢复的两个基本方面。在练习的强度和持续时间上能量需要提高,而且,在练习中,食物的摄取和吸收并不改变身体的均衡。 相似文献
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皮划艇项目供能的特征及其营养的补充 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对皮划艇项目供能及营养补充进行了探讨，分析皮划艇项目的供能特点，有针对性地安排运动员的营养补充，合理的摄取糖、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质。 相似文献
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全凯 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(12):61-63
根据青少年运动员的生理特点和耐力性项目的运动供能系统，提出合理的耐力性青少年运动员的营养调配。通过调查青少年优秀耐力性项目的运动员在训练周期中的膳食状况及营养需求，同时，摸索出一套科学合理简便实用又符合青少年耐力性运动项目特点的营养配餐方法、提供依据，并对青少年不合理的运动膳食提出建议。 相似文献
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田径耐力型项目运动员的合理营养 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在现代田径运动项目的训练比赛以及恢复期 ,耐力型运动项目运动员对饮食中的各种营养素的需求也受到其本身项目特点的特殊性而明显区别于其它田径项目 ,运动员的饮食营养合理化越来越受到教练员的重视。本文从训练和比赛中 ,运动员对水和电解质、糖、脂肪、蛋白质以及维生素的不同需求和补充 ,来讨论耐力型田径运动员训练和比赛中的合理营养问题 ,促进教练员、科研服务人员注意对运动员膳食进行科学搭配和调整 ,保证运动员的营养需求 相似文献
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Koehler K Braun H De Marees M Fusch G Fusch C Mester J Schaenzer W 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(13):1435-1449
The assessment of nutrition and activity in athletes requires accurate and precise methods. The aim of this study was to validate a protocol for parallel assessment of diet and exercise against doubly labelled water, 24-h urea excretion, and respiratory gas exchange. The participants were 14 male triathletes under normal training conditions. Energy intake and doubly labelled water were weakly associated with each other (r = 0.69, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 304 kcal x day(-1)). Protein intake was strongly correlated with 24-h urea (r = 0.89) but showed considerable individual variation (SEE = 0.34 g kg(-1) x day(-1)). Total energy expenditure based on recorded activities was highly correlated with doubly labelled water (r = 0.95, SEE = 195 kcal x day(-1)) but was proportionally biased. During running and cycling, estimated exercise energy expenditure was highly correlated with gas exchange (running: r = 0.89, SEE = 1.6 kcal x min(-1); cycling: r = 0.95, SEE = 1.4 kcal x min(-1)). High exercise energy expenditure was slightly underestimated during running. For nutrition data, variations appear too large for precise measurements in individual athletes, which is a common problem of dietary assessment methods. Despite the high correlations of total energy expenditure and exercise energy expenditure with reference methods, a correction for systematic errors is necessary for the valid estimation of energetic requirements in individual athletes. 相似文献
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文章对湖南省队女性举重运动损伤进行调查分析,调查发现：湖南省队女性运动损伤发生的部位以膝关节、大腿部为最高,其次为腰部和肩关节,颈部与锁骨部位相对较低。运动损伤发生的主要原因为身体疲劳、注意力不够集中、准备活动不充分等因素,建议作足充分准备活动,调整运动负荷与合理的营养补充等措施,以有效地减少运动损伤。 相似文献
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Jeukendrup AE 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(Z1):S91-S99
Endurance sports are increasing in popularity and athletes at all levels are looking for ways to optimize their performance by training and nutrition. For endurance exercise lasting 30 min or more, the most likely contributors to fatigue are dehydration and carbohydrate depletion, whereas gastrointestinal problems, hyperthermia, and hyponatraemia can reduce endurance exercise performance and are potentially health threatening, especially in longer events (>4 h). Although high muscle glycogen concentrations at the start may be beneficial for endurance exercise, this does not necessarily have to be achieved by the traditional supercompensation protocol. An individualized nutritional strategy can be developed that aims to deliver carbohydrate to the working muscle at a rate that is dependent on the absolute exercise intensity as well as the duration of the event. Endurance athletes should attempt to minimize dehydration and limit body mass losses through sweating to 2-3% of body mass. Gastrointestinal problems occur frequently, especially in long-distance races. Problems seem to be highly individual and perhaps genetically determined but may also be related to the intake of highly concentrated carbohydrate solutions, hyperosmotic drinks, as well as the intake of fibre, fat, and protein. Hyponatraemia has occasionally been reported, especially among slower competitors with very high intakes of water or other low sodium drinks. Here I provide a comprehensive overview of recent research findings and suggest several new guidelines for the endurance athlete on the basis of this. These guidelines are more detailed and allow a more individualized approach. 相似文献
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丙酮酸补充对游泳大鼠脂肪代谢的影响及机理研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究目的：以游泳大鼠为研究对象，通过检测其补充丙酮酸过程中身体成分和脂肪代谢的变化，探讨丙酮酸补充对游泳大鼠脂肪代谢的影响度机理。研究方法：将雄性Wistar大鼠38只随机分为4组（安慰剂对照组、运动组对照、补充丙酮酸对照组和补充丙酮酸运动组）。采用沉淀法测定大鼠血清LDL-C和HDL-C水平；酶法测定血清TC和TG；比色法测定血清LPS、LPL和HL。结果：4周丙酮酸补充可明显减缓游泳大鼠体重和体脂增长速度，明显降低大鼠血清TC水平及游泳大鼠血清LDL-C水平。同时，丙酮酸补充可明显提高游泳大鼠血清LPL含量，江一定程度地降低其血清HL水平。结论：丙酮酸补充可在一定程度上减慢游泳大鼠体重和体脂的增长速度，加快其能量代谢速度；可能会通过影响游泳大鼠脂肪代谢相关调控酶水平，使其血脂水平下降，进而影响其脂肪代谢过程。 相似文献
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Hopper CA Munoz KD Gruber MB Nguyen KP 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2005,76(2):130-139
This study examined the efficacy of a school-based exercise and nutrition program with a parent component. Third-grade children (N = 238) from six elementary schools participated in the study, with three schools randomly assigned to a program group and the other three schools to a control group. The program group received a health-related fitness school-based program and a home program that required parents and children to complete activities and earn points for nutrition and exercise activities. The control group received their traditional physical education and nutrition education program. Univariate analysis of variance on pre- and posttest scores were completed on the following variables: height, weight, body mass index, skinfold, blood cholesterol, mile run, exercise and nutrition knowledge, calories, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, fiber, sodium, percentage of calories from carbohydrates, and percentage of calories from fat. At pretest, the treatment and control groups did not significantly differ on the measures using schools as the unit of analysis. Girls scored significantly higher than boys on skinfold and pretest knowledge. At posttest, the treatment group scored significantly higher than the control group on exercise and nutrition knowledge and significantly lower than the control group on total fat intake, using schools as the unit of analysis. There was no improvement in physiological measures, including blood cholesterol. The study demonstrated that schools can adjust curriculum to meet some health needs of students and achieve modest changes in exercise and nutrition knowledge and diet. The family component of the program provided a practical approach to improving physical activity and nutrition behaviors for elementary school teachers who teach many participants in a crowded curriculum. 相似文献
