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Geng Hao Zhou Qingchen Guo Wenhao Lu Ling Bi Liangkuan Wang Yi Min Jie Yu Dexin Liang Zhaofeng 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(5):341-347
Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that contain various types of biologically active components, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which vary with the type and physiological state of the cell. In recent years,several studies have showed that exosomes can provide new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients affected by cancers, including bladder cancer(BC), and the lipid bilayer membrane structure makes exosomes as promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications. Exosomes have the characteristics of high abundance, high stability, tissue specificity, and wide distribution in body fluids, and are secreted as various types by cells in different states, thereby possessing great potential as biomarkers for BC. Herein, we briefly summarize the functions and roles of exosomes in the occurrence and development of BC and the current progress of research on exosomes in BC, while focusing on potential clinical applications of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BC. 相似文献
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Ri-sheng Que Cheng Lin Guo-ping Ding Zheng-rong Wu Li-ping Cao 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(5):352-360
Background
Tumor-derived exosomes were considered to be potential candidates for tumor vaccines because they are abundant in immune-regulating proteins, whereas tumor exosomal miRNAs may induce immune tolerance, thereby having an opposite immune function.Objective
This study was designed to separate exosomal protein and depleted exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), increasing the immune activity of exosomes for activating dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cells (DC/CIKs) against pancreatic cancer (PC).Methods
PC-derived exosomes (PEs) were extracted from cultured PANC-1 cell supernatants and then ruptured; this was followed by ultrafiltered exosome lysates (UELs). DCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PE, and UEL, followed by co-culture with CIKs. The anti-tumor effects of DC/CIKs against PC were evaluated by proliferation and killing rates, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and perforin secretion. Exosomal miRNAs were depleted after lysis and ultrafiltration, while 128 proteins were retained, including several immune-activating proteins.Results
UEL-stimulated DC/CIKs showed a higher killing rate than LPS- and PE-stimulated DC/CIKs.Conclusions
miRNA-depleted exosome proteins may be promising agonists for specifically activating DC/CIKs against PC.3.
Zhu Wei Zhou Bo-lun Rong Li-juan Ye Li Xu Hong-juan Zhou Yao Yan Xue-jun Liu Wei-dong Zhu Bin Wang Lei Jiang Xing-jun Ren Cai-ping 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2020,21(2):122-136
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) plays an essential role in splicing and is expressed in almost all cell types in humans, unlike the other proteins of the PTBP family. PTBP1 mediates several cellular processes in certain types of cells, including the growth and differentiation of neuronal cells and activation of immune cells. Its function is regulated by various molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs), and RNA-binding proteins. PTBP1 plays roles in various diseases, particularly in some cancers, including colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, breast cancer, and glioma. In cancers, it acts mainly as a regulator of glycolysis, apoptosis, proliferation, tumorigenesis, invasion, and migration. The role of PTBP1 in cancer has become a popular research topic in recent years, and this research has contributed greatly to the formulation of a useful therapeutic strategy for cancer. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to PTBP1 and discuss how it regulates the development of cancer cells.
相似文献4.
大量研究表明小胶质细胞在神经退行性疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的神经退化过程中都有很大的影响。而关于小胶质细胞在神经退行性疾病中究竟起着什么样的作用仍有待确定,但当小胶质细胞过度激活最后都会导致神经元的死亡。激活的小胶质细胞会分泌多种诱发或加重神经退行性疾病的炎症因子或神经毒素,系统性炎症是慢性神经退行性疾病患者相关功能下降的主要诱因之一。该文对小胶质细胞在神经退行性疾病的发病机制中所产生的作用,特别是小胶质细胞对于帕金森病的动物和细胞培养模型的研究进展及新的方法和潜在的治疗策略进行综述。 相似文献
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氧化应激的产生与胞浆内活性氧簇的升高密切相关,过多生成的活性氧簇能够造成脂质过氧化,损伤蛋白质甚至DNA,而这些物质的受损与疾病发生相关,尤其是神经退行性疾病.神经退行性疾病经常被描述为进行性的神经元丢失,伴随神经元或者胶质细胞中出现标志性寡聚体.在神经退行性疾病中,胶质细胞可能以一种抗氧化应激的方式在神经元功能维持以及生存上发挥重要作用.反之,神经元也能够通过不同途径反馈调节胶质细胞.该文主要探讨在亨廷顿舞蹈症中胶质细胞的特点和功能,阐明氧化应激与亨廷顿舞蹈症的关系,概括这三者之间的关系进而论证胶质细胞在亨廷顿舞蹈症中的抗氧化应激保护作用. 相似文献
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The functions of the eukaryotic cell rely onmembrane-bound compartments called organelles. Each of these possesses distinct membrane composition and unique function. In the 1970’s, during George Palade’s time, it was unclear how these organelles communicate with each other and perform their biological functions. The elegant research work of James E Rothman, Randy W Schekman and Thomas C Südhof identified the molecular machinery required for membrane trafficking, vesicle fusion and cargo delivery. Further, they also showed the importance of these processes for biological function. Their novel findings helped to explain several biological phenomena such as insulin secretion, neuron communication and other cellular activities. In addition, their work provided clues to cures for several neurological, immunological and metabolic disorders. This research work laid the foundation to the field of molecular cell biology and these post-Palade investigators were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2013. 相似文献
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Gruys E Toussaint MJ Upragarin N Van EA Adewuyi AA Candiani D Nguyen TK Sabeckiene J 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(10):941-947
INTRODUCTION The systemic acute phase reaction known to occur on infection, inflammation, trauma, burns, ma- lignancies and tissue damage in general, has been studied by scientists from various disciplines. In the last decade, emphasis has been laid on application of blood tests for acute phase reactants to monitor ani-mal health in general, as well as for human patients suffering from specified classes of diseases (Gruys et al., 2005). However, basic mechanistic patterns as- sociated wit… 相似文献
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代谢综合征的发病已呈全球流行趋势,且发病率仍逐年增加。目前人们普遍接受的观点是代谢综合征是基因与环境相互作用的结果,但二者如何作用尚不清楚。饮食因素与肥胖和Ⅱ型糖尿病(T2D)发病密切相关。最近研究显示,全球肥胖和T2D的快速流行与滥用维生素强化及富含B族维生素的肉食摄入增加有关。加之现代人体力活动减少,经汗排泄多余维生素及毒物的途径明显受限。体内维生素过多引起物质和能量代谢紊乱。越来越多的证据显示,代谢综合征形成的主要因素之一是由于长期高维生素饮食和(或)经汗排出减少的综合结果。针对目前的高能量和高维生素饮食,降低维生素摄入和增加其排出可能是预防代谢综合征的关键措施。 相似文献
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沈一岚 《西安文理学院学报》2011,14(1):125-128
通过文献资料法,论述了谷氨酰胺的合成及代谢功能,谷氨酰胺对免疫机能的影响,运动对谷氨酰胺的影响,以及外源性补充谷氨酰胺对运动机体的调节作用.指出：在运动应激状态下,机体对谷氨酰胺的需求量明显增加,从营养的角度提供充足的谷氨酰胺能缓解中枢疲劳,降低免疫细胞的凋亡率,增强机体的抗氧化能力等.同时,谷氨酰胺具有增强和调理免疫的作用. 相似文献
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尽管锂制剂在临床上使用了几十年,但其确切机制并不清楚。人们通过研究认识到锂可能是通过抑制糖原合成酶激酶3（glycogen synthase kinase 3,GSK3）而发挥抗抑郁作用的。锂可以调控GSK3下游的许多分子,许多抗抑郁类药物可以调控GSK3的信号。使用药理方法或基因沉默方法抑制GSK3均具有稳定情绪、抵抗抑郁的作用,这些研究表明GSK3可能是抗抑郁的潜在靶点。近些年来对GSK3在神经生物学中的作用机制的研究进一步证实了锂可能是通过作用于GSK3来达到治疗目的的。如GSK3可以调节生物体应激反应、炎症反应、神经发生、5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamin,5-HT）传递过程,并参与生物周期节律的调控。因此,特异的GSK3抑制剂能否在临床上发挥抗抑郁作用有待进一步研究。该文对GSK3在应激反应、炎症反应、神经发生、5-HT传递过程以及生物周期节律这五个方面对抑郁发病机制的研究进行了综述。 相似文献
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太极拳运动对中老年人体质健康功能及成分影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用实验对比、文献资料等方法,通过对兰州市参加太极拳健身锻炼两年以上中老年的心肺功能、身体成分、脂质代谢各项指标测试发现太极拳运动对部分慢性疾病心血管及微循环功能具有良好的影响作用,对缓解病症、康复及延缓病理性衰老具有特殊功能．长期坚持参加太极运动,可增强体质,提高身体、机能状态和健康水平。对预防心血管疾病和老年肌肉萎缩、骨质疏松等有积极作用． 相似文献
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肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)是肿瘤微环境中比例最高的免疫细胞,对肿瘤的发生和发展起着重要的作用。在肿瘤的进展过程中,microRNA可以通过转录后调控的方式作用于多种靶点与信号通路来影响TAM的表型。本文主要讨论了microRNA对巨噬细胞分化、功能性极化和细胞间信息交流的调控作用。首先,microRNA参与了从髓样细胞向成熟巨噬细胞的分化过程,这一过程直接影响了肿瘤微环境中肿瘤细胞对巨噬细胞的招募。其次,microRNA参与了TAM的功能极化,使之表现为促癌或抑癌表型,影响了肿瘤的生长和转移。第三,肿瘤细胞与巨噬细胞间的相互作用对肿瘤微环境的形成和肿瘤的进展而言是必要的,microRNA可以通过胞外颗粒的形式作为交流的媒介。此外,本文还讨论了巨噬细胞相关microRNA作为肿瘤诊断和预后标志物的潜在价值,以及基于巨噬细胞相关microRNA的肿瘤治疗新策略的应用前景。 相似文献
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Lang QL Zhou XC Zhang XL Drabek R Zuo ZX Ren YL Li TB Chen JS Gao XL 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(2):116-125
A large number of plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are now documented in the miRBase, among which only 30 are for Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Clearly, there is a far-reaching need to identify and profile the expression of miRNAs in this important crop under
various physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, we used an in situ synthesized custom microarray of plant
miRNAs to examine the expression and temporal presence of miRNAs in the leaves of tomato plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Following computational sequence homology search and hairpin structure prediction, we identified three novel tomato
miRNA precursor genes. Our results also show that, in accordance with the phenotype of the developing leaves, the tomato miRNAs
are differentially expressed at different stages of plant development and that CMV infection can induce or suppress the expression
of miRNAs as well as up-regulate some star miRNAs (miRNA*s) which are normally present at much lower levels. The results indicate
that developmental anomalies elicited by virus infection may be caused by more complex biological processes. 相似文献
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Acute phase reaction and acute phase proteins 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Gruys E Toussaint MJ Niewold TA Koopmans SJ 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(11):1045-1056
INTRODUCTION The first reaction of the body to immunological stress is the innate, non-specific response preceding specific immune reactions. The acute phase response (APR) is a prominent systemic reaction of the or- ganism to local or systemic disturbances in its ho- meostasis caused by infection, tissue injury, trauma or surgery, neoplastic growth or immunological disor- ders (Gordon and Koy, 1985; Gruys et al., 1999). At the site of invasion by a micro-organism and the place of tissu… 相似文献
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GRUYS E TOUSSAINT M.J.M NIEWOLD T.A KOOPMANS S.J 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(11)
A review of the systemic acute phase reaction with major cytokines involved, and the hepatic metabolic changes,negative and positive acute phase proteins (APPs) with function and associated pathology is given. It appears that APPs represent appropriate analytes for assessment of animal health. Whereas they represent non-specific markers as biological effect reactants,they can be used for assessing nutritional deficits and reactive processes, especially when positive and negative acute phase variables are combined in an index. When such acute phase index is applied to separate healthy animals from animals with some disease, much better results are obtained than with single analytes and statistically acceptable results for culling individual animals may be reached.Unfortunately at present no cheap, comprehensive and easy to use system is available for assessing various acute phase proteins in serum or blood samples at the same time. Protein microarray or fluid phase microchip technology may satisfy this need;and permit simultaneous analysis of numerous analytes in the same small volume sample and enable integration of information derived from systemic reactivity and nutrition with disease specific variables. Applying such technology may help to solve health problems in various countries not only in animal husbandry but also in human populations. 相似文献
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As executive functions play an essential role in learning processes, approaches capable of enhancing executive functioning are of particular interest to educational psychology. Recently, the hypothesis has been advanced that executive functioning may benefit from changes in neurobiological processes induced by physical activity. The present research explored this hypothesis by systematically identifying and reviewing intervention studies targeting the relationship between physical activity and executive functions, distinguishing between different types of intervention and of executive function. The review found considerable evidence for beneficial effects of physical activity on executive functions, with performance benefitting more consistently in inhibition tasks than in dual task coordination, shifting tasks, or combined tasks. Possible physiological explanations are discussed. Open questions for application and future research concern the sustainability of effects, the design of physical activity interventions, and the role of individual differences. Possible interventions applicable to educational settings are discussed. 相似文献
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Charles A. Nelson III Karen Bos Megan R. Gunnar Edmund J. S. Sonuga‐Barke 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2011,76(4):127-146
Children raised in institutions frequently suffer from a variety of behavioral, emotional, and neuropsychological sequelae, including deficits in attention, executive functions, disorders of attachment, and in some cases a syndrome that mimics autism. The extent and severity of these disorders appear to be mediated, in part, by the age at which the child entered and, in some cases, left the institution. Here we review the neurobiological literature on early institutionalization that may account for the psychological and neurological sequelae discussed in other chapters in this volume. 相似文献