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1.
耿伯介 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1965,10(1):6-24
This paper is here presented as a material for a flora of the Chinese grasses. At
the beginning, it chronologically gives a brief historical sketch on the study of the sub-
tribe Isachninae. The category which this group should constitute is here delimited, and
its position in the natural system of grass-classification is also discussed.
Secondly it deals with a taxonomic treatment on the genus Isachne which comprises
16 species and 7 varieties in China, amongst which two species (I. hoi and I. hainanensis)
and four varieties (I. albens var. glandulifera, I. truncata vars. crispa & maxima, and I.
nipponensis var. kiangsiensis) are published here as new to science. In addition, a new
combination, I. hirsuta, (Hook. f.) Keng, f., based upon I. albens var. hirsuta Hook. f.,
is made here. The two species (I. ciliatiflora Keng, and I. tenuis Keng) published in
Chinese only in the “Flora Illustralis Plantarum Primarum Sinicarum Graimeae 1959”, arehere supplemented with Latin diagnoses for validation. 相似文献
2.
3.
We have described a new genus Taihangia, collected from, the south part of Taihang
Mountain in northern China. At the same time, comparative studies on Taihangia with its
related genera have been made in various fields including external morphology, anatomy
of carpels, chromosome and pollen morphology by light, scanning and transmission electron microscope. In addition, isoperoxidases of two varietier were analysed by means of polya-crylamide gel slab electrophoresis. The preliminary results are as follows:
Morphology: The genus Taihangia is perennial and has simple leaves, occasionally
with 1—2 very small reduced lobes on the upper part of petiole; flowers white, andromo-
noecious and androdioecious, terminal, single or rarely 2 on a leafless scape; calyx and cpicalyx with 5 segments; petals 5; stamens numerous; pistils numerous, with pubescent styles, spirally inserted on the receptacle in bisexual flowers, but with less number of abortive and glabrous pistils in male flowers.
In comparison with the related genera such as Dryas, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia,
the new genus has unisexual flowers and always herbaceous habit indicating its advanced
feature but the genus has a primitive style with thin and short hairs as compared with the genus Dryas which has long, pinnately haired styles, a character greatly facilitamg anemo-choric dissemination. The styles of Taihangia are slender and differ from those of the ge-nus Geum which are articulate, with a persistent hooked rostrum, thus adapting to epizo-ochoric dissemination to a higher degree.
The anatomy of carpels shows the baral position of ovules in the genus Taihangia like those in other related genera such as Dryas, Geum, Acomastylis, Coluria and Waldsteinia. This suggests that the new genus and its related ones are in a common evolutionary line as compared with the other tribes which have a pendulous ovule and represent a separate evolutionary line in Rosaceae. Dorsal and ventral bundles in carpels through sections are free at the base. Neither fusion, nor reduction of dorsals and vertrals. are observed. This shows that the genus Taihangia is rather primitive.
Somatic chromosome: All the living plants, collected from both Honan and Hopei
Provinces were examined. The results show that in these plants the chromosome number
is 2n= 14, and thus the basic number of chromosome is x=7. Such a diploid genus is first
found in both anemochoric and epizoochoric genera. Therefore, in this respect Taihangia is primitive as compared with herbaceous polyploid genus Geum and related ones.
Pollen: The stereostructure shown by scanning electron microscope reveals that the pollen grains of the genus Taihangia are ellipsoid and 3-colporate. There are two types of exine sculpture. One is rather shortly striate and it seems rugulate over the pollen surface; the other is long-striate. The genus Dryas differs in having only short and thick striae over the surface. The genus is similar to the genera Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia in colpustype, but differs from them in that they all have long, parallel striae which are distributed along the meridional line.
In addition, under transmission electron microscope, the exine in the Taihangia and related genera Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria, Waldsteinia and Dryas has been shown to be typically differentiated into two distinct layers, nexine and sexine. The nexine, weakly statined, appears to consist of endoxine with no foot-layer, in which the columellae are fused, and which is thicker beneath the apertures. The sexine is 2-layered, consisting of columellae and tectum. Three patterns of tectum can be distinguished in the tribe Dryadeae: the first, in the genera Taihangia, Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia, is tectate-imperforate, with the sculpturing elements both acute and obtuse at the top and broad at the base; the second, in the genus Dryas, is semitectate, with the sculpturing elements shown in ultrathin sections rod-like and broader at the top than at the base or as broad at the top as at the base, and the third, tectate-perforate, with the sculpturing elements different in size. From the above results, the herbaceous groups and woody ones have palynologically evolved in two distinct directions, and the genus Taihangia is related to other herbaceous genera such as Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia, as shown in the electron microphotographs of ultrathin sections. The genus Taihangia, however, is different from related herbaceous genera in that the pollen of Taihangia is dimorphic, i.e. in addition to the above pattern of pollen another one of the exine in Taihangia is rugulate, with the sculpturing elements shown in the ultrathin sections being obtuse or emarginate and nearly as broad at the top as at the base.
The interesting results obtained from the comparative analysis of morphology, ana-
tomy of carpels, chromosome countings, microscopic and submicrosocopic structures of pollen may enable us to evaluate the systematic position of Taihangia and to throw a new light on evolution of the tribe Dryadeae. It is well known that the modes of dissemination of rosaceous fruits play an important role in the expansion and evolution of the family. The follicle is the most primitive and the plants with follicles, like the Spiraeoideae, are mostly woody and mesic, while the achene, drupe and pyrenarium are derived. In Rosoideae having a achene is a common feature. Particularly in the tribe Dryadeae, which is distinguished from the other related tribes by having orthotropous ovules, the methods of dissemination of fruits have developed in three distinct specialized directions: anemochory with long, plumose styles (e.g. Dryas), formicochory or dispersed by ants or other insects, with the deciduous styles (e.g. Waldsteinia and Collria),and epizoochory with the upper deciduous stigmatic part and the lower persistent hooked rostrum, an adhesive organ favouring epizoochory dissemination (e. g. Geum and related taxa). Taihangia is a genus endemic to mesophytic
forest area of northern China. Due to its narrow range and specific habit as well as pubescent styles, neither perfectly adapted to anemochory nor to epizoochory, the genus Taihangia might be a direct progeny of the ancestry of anemochory. Maintaining the diploidy and having an ntermediate sculptural type of pollen, the new genus might probably represent a linkage between anemochory and zoochory (including epizoochory and dispersed by ants).
Experimental evidence from isoperoxidases shows the stable zymograms of root and
roostoks. The anodal isozyme of T. rupestris var. rupestris may be divided into 6 bands:
A, B, C, D, E, F, and T. rupestris var. ciliata into 4 bands: A, B, C, G. The two varietiesof the species share 3 bands: A, B, C. However, D, E and F bands are characteristic of var. rupestris and G band is limited to var. ciliata. As far as the available materials are concerned, the analysis of isoperoxidases supports the subdivision of the species into two varieties. 相似文献
4.
The present paper deals mainly with the karyotype analysis of five
materials in Angelica dahurica collected in Yanbian of Jilin, Anguo of Hebei, Yuxian of
Henan, Hangzhou of Zhejiang and Suining of Sichuan. They are under the names
“Dongbeidahuo”, “Qibaizhi”, “Yubaizhi”, ”Hangbaizhi” and “Chuanbaizhi” respe-
ctively. Among then “Dongbeidahuo” is a wild plant, which occurs in northeastern
China, and the others are cultivated as important crude drugs in some provinces. “Qi-
Baizhi” and “Yubaizhi” have been identified as conspecific with the wild Baizhi-“Do-
Ngbeidahuo” (A. dahurica) according to the external morphological features, whereas the
other cultivated ones, “Hangbaizhi” and “Chuanbaizhi”, treated as a variety (A. dahu-
rica var. formosana).
The results of karyotype analysis are shown in Plate 1, 2, with the formula 2n=22
=12 m+2 mSAT+4sm+4st. The karyotypes described here are constantly characterized by
satellites attached to the fourth pair of metacentric chromosomes and differ from the pu-
blished reports on the other species of the genus. It is reasonable to say that the five
materials collectively named “Baizhi” are taxonomically closely related to each other
and could be regarded as conspecific. Since the second chromosome pair is submetacen-
tric in “Dongbeidahuo”, it may be justifiable to separate the wild plant from the cul-
tivated ones and treat them as two separate varieties. 相似文献
5.
Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. spontanea (Rehder) S. G. Haw et L. A.
Lauener ( ＝P. spontanea ＝ P. jishanensis) has been considered as the wild form of widely
cultivated P. suffruticosa. However, the subspecies differs from the cultivated one in
shape, division and indumentum of leaves and reproductive biology. As a result of extensive
field work, a form with two individuals in Yinping Shan, Caohu, Anhui, and Songxian,
Henan, are found to be extremely similar to P. suffruticosa, but apparently different from
P. jishanensis. The form is considered to be the wild one of P. suffruticosa and described as new: P. suffruticosa subsp, yinpingmudan Hong, K. Y. Pan et Z. W. Xie. 相似文献
6.
朱格麟 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(4):299-300
Baolia Kung et G. L. Chu was established on the basis of B. bracteata Kung et G.
L. Chu described in 1978 from Diebu County on the border between Gansu and Sichuan provin-
ces. It is placed in the tribe Chenopodieae in 《Flora Reipulicae Popularis Sincae》, but
considering its flowers with a bract and 2 bracteoles it is betwter transferred to the tribe Polv-
cenmeae. So far the tribe Polycnemeae contains 4 genera in total, i.e. Nitrophila S. Wats. with
4 species, distributed in Southwestern US, Mexico and Argentina, Hemichroa R. Br. with
3 species all in Australia, Polycnemum Dumort. with 4 species in Europe, Mediterranean,
Middle Asia to Siberia, Baolia Kung et G. L. Chu with 1 species, occurring in central China
with a very limited area. 相似文献
7.
海菜花属的分类、地理分布和系统发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李恒 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1981,19(1):29-42
The genus Ottelia is one of the great genera of Hydrocharidaceae. About 25 spe-
cies distributed in the Palaeotropics, extending from Africa through India and SE.
Asia to Korea and Japan, Australia and New Caledonia, 1 species in Brazil; centres of
specific devolopment are found in Central Africa and SE Asia.
The present study is mainly based on the materials collected during the field ex-
plorations in the lakes of Yunnan and observations on the structure of the spathe and
flowers, the variation of leaf of the plants cultivated in Kunming Bot. Garden.
Instead of the wings of the spathe used by Dandy, by the characters such as uni-or
bisexual flowers, this genus is divided into two subgenera, which by the number of the
flowers in spathe and the number of the carpus in ovary again subdivided into 4
sections. They are as the following:
A. Subg. Ottelia. Flowers bisexual.
Sect. 1. Ottelia. Spathe with 1 flower; ovary with 6(—9) carpus.
Sect. 2. Oligolobos (Gagnep.) Dandy. Spathe with many flowers; ovary with 3 car-
pus.
B. Subg. Boottia (Wall.) Dandy. Flowers unisexual; the male spathe with 1-many
flowers, the female spathe with many flowers.
Sect. 3. Boottia. The male spathe with 1 flower; ovary with 9(—15) carpus.
Sect. 4. Xystrolobos (Gagnep.) H. Li. The female spathe with (2-) many flow-
ers; ovary with 3 or 9 carpus.
The Chinense species of ottelia is in great need for revision. All of the species in
China previousely described under Ottelia Pers, Boottia Wall., Oligolobos Gagnep, and
Xystrolobos Gagen. are here combined into 3 species. They are O. alismoides, O. cor-
data, O. acuminata with 4 variaties.
After a study of the geographic distribution and infer relation-ships among the
floristic elements it has been proved that Ottelia is certainly an ancient genus, and the
primitive types came into being and widely dispersed before the separation of Laurasia
from Gondwana.
During a considerable period of time the elements of the genus Ottelia in fresh-
water environment of different continents have been separately differentiated and evolv-
ed into more or less derived types. The structure of flowers in all of the asian species
shows the following evolutionary tendenoes: 1. In this genus the plants with unisexual
flowers have evolved from plants with bisexual flower; 2. In the groups with bisexual
or unisexual flowers the number of stamens and styles reduced to 3-merous, but the
number of flowers in spathe increased. So that the subgenus Ottelia is more primitive
than the subgenus Bottia; While in the subgenus Ottelia O. alismoides is a more primi-
tive than O. balansae and in the subgenus Boottia O. cordata is the most primitive, butO. alata seems to be the most advanced. 相似文献
8.
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. [L. heterophyllus Sweet, L. artemisia (Lour.) S. Y.
Hu] is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines used as a remedy for gynaeco-
logical disease since ancient times. A cytological investigation on the species was carried out
and the materials for chromosomal examination were collected from 26 localities in 20 provi-
noes and autonomous regions of this country. The number of chromosomes in root tip cell of
the species was found to be 20 on the whole (Tab. 1:1), agreeing with those reported by Ma and
al.[2] and probably by Chuang and al.[3] as well.
The genus Leonurus L. is variable in its chromosomes with an aneuploidy of x=9, 10 and
12. The present authors would propose that the primitive basic number of chromosome in the
genus is 9, and thus both 10 and 12 are derived, for: (1) among the 9 species (including 1 sub-
species) heretofore cytologically examined, x=9 occurring in 66.7%, x=10 occurring in 22.2%,
while x=12 occurring only in 11.1%; (2) in generaclosely related to the genus under considera-
tion, such as Panzeria, Galeobdolon and Lamium x=9 being the sole basic number.
But L. japonicus exhibits a mixoploidy of 2n=20 (occurring at the rate of 53.30% of the
total amount of cells examined), 2n=18 (30.70%), and 2n=16 (15.99%) in our work. (Table
1). Since the original basic number of chromosome of the genus is 9 as proposed above, 2n=
20 would be considered as a derived one and the occurrence of 2n=18 probably suggests an
early evolutionary trend of 2n=18→20 of the pecies in question. 相似文献
9.
张志耘 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(5):394-403
The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from the
taxonomic point of view. The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similar
to each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds. But the differences
in the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa. The seed
coat of 18 species and pollen grains of 6 species were also examined under scanning electron
microscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species.
The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, of
which 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx.
The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corolla
entire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec-
tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species.
A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given.
This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60
species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern distribu-
tional centre.
Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in
Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic
relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR. 6 species are endemic to China,
of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide).
The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed.
The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a
member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck, the monotypic genus, Necranthus A.
Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect. Orobanche, the monotypic genus,
Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and
should be regarded as a separate genus.
The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae,
and 15 morphological characters were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment to test the
above-mentioned suggestions. After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were
computerized. The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods. At
last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram. The
result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions. 相似文献
10.
三种数值方法在几种六道木分类中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the last 10—20 years there has bee n increasing awareness of the problem con-
cerning the aims and practices of taxonomy. In particular, there has been growing
interest in the development of numerical methods in biological taxonomy as an aid to
making systematics a quantitative science, a step which comes in time to almost every
scientific discipline.
Numerical taxonomy is the evaluation by numerical methods of the affinity or
similarity between taxonomic units and the employment of these affinities in erecting
a hierarchic order of taxa. The present rapid development of these ideas is presuma-
bly a result of the development of computer techniques.
Numerical taxonomic approach has been applied to the studies of entomology and
microbiology in China to some extent since 1975. But so far it hasn’t been commonly
used in botany. The present report is a preliminary study on 9 spp. of the genus
Abelia. A set of binary data with 54 characters is used for computing association
coefficient; and a set of quantitative data with 47 characters for distance coefficient
and correlation coefficient. For the mathematical models were chosen the non-metric
simple matching association coefficient, the geometrical distance of Riemannian space
and correlation coefficient. Computational procedures are stepwise presented in detail
and computer programmes are written in the background of Algol-60 language. Cluster analysis is compared with simple linkage, average linkage and multi-correlation.
The results of DC and CC for 9 spp. of Abelia agree closely with the traditional
taxonomy, because the data we collected mainly come from morphological characters.
It would seem that the results of quantita tive data are more appropriate for seed
plants. It is, therefore, postulated that our programes are complementary and very
useful to a wide range of classification entities, such as microbes, animals and plants
in present situation in China.
In conclusion, a comparison between the conventional taxonomy and numerical
taxonomy has been made, and a brief discussion of three problems, i.e. the monothetic
versus polythetic, divisive versus agglomerative, weighting versus unweighting.
相似文献
11.
本文研究了黄枝油杉Keteleeria calcarea Cheng et L．K．Fu．和矩鳞油杉Keteleeria
oblonga Cheng et L. K. Fu. 的核型。 并与江南油杉 K．cyclolepis Flous．和台湾油杉 K.
formosana Mast. 的核型比较，讨论四种油杉核型进化趋势。 黄枝油杉核型公式K(2n)=
24＝16m+8sm;矩鳞油杉核型公式K(2n)=24＝18m+6sm。 黄枝油杉在第1、3、6号
染色体短臂上具次缢痕;而矩鳞油杉在第2、4、6号染色体短臂上具次缢痕。二者均属较对称 的“2A“核型。 四种油杉核型进化趋势是江南油杉→矩鳞油杉→黄枝油杉→台湾油杉。 相似文献
12.
中国毛茛科植物小志(十五) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王文采 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1993,31(3):201-226
在本文中澄清了一些错误鉴定；一些学名证实不能成立，成为异名；对偏翅唐松草的种下分类
群做出修订，并给出新的区别特征；做出锐棱铁线莲系的分种检索表；对渐尖铁线莲群各种的亲缘关
系进行了初步讨论；描述了1新系，3新种，3新变种，2新变型；做出1新组合，4新等级，并拟出1新名；报道了拳距瓜叶乌头、星果草和直梗高山唐松草的国外分布。 相似文献
13.
The presence of stolons is taxonomically significant in the genus Liriope Linn.
However, probably due to a lapse of attention, F. T. Wang and T. Tang failed to re-
cognize Ophiopogon muscari Decne., type of Liriope muscari (Decne.) Bailey, a non-
stoloniferous taxon, and erroneously referred it as a synonym to the stoloniferous L.
spicata Lour. At the same time, however, they described another non-stoloniferous
species-L. platyphylla Wang et Tang (L. muscari Bailey) as new.
What, then, is the difference between L. platyphylla Wang et Tang and L. mus-
cari (Decne.) Bailey? A comparison of the type photo of Ophiopogon muscari Decne.
with specimens of L. platyphylla Wang et Tang shows that the two forms are much alike,
but the latter has longer scapes usually overtopping the foliage, as well as longer spikes
and broader leaves. L. H. Bailey must had combined the two forms into one species.
Furthermore. there are another two non-stoloniferous forms, both having scapes shorter
than their foliage, but differing from L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey in their much nar-
rower leaves. One of them has very short leaves and looks like L. minor Makino.
Finally, what are the correlations among the above four forms? By using methods
of quantitative analysis, such as pictorialized scatter diagram and histogram, on her-
barium material, it has been found that the L. muscari complex can be separated into
two parts: 1) muscari (M), and 2) platyphylla (P). But since these two parts dis-
play a continuous variation pattern as a whole, it seems advisable to treat both as varie-
ties of the same species, i. e., L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey var. muscari, and L. muscari
var. communis (Maxim.) Hsu et L. C. Li. (Ophiopogon spicatus Ker-Cawl. var. com-
munis Maxim.) As to the other two narrow-leaved forms, they can hardly be regarded
as sufficient for two distinct infraspecific units, for they are found to be inseparablefrom each other as well as from muscari. 相似文献
14.
李秉滔 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(1):58-65
The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Inclu-
ded in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var.
longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new re-
cords in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum,
G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are new-
ly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Dry-
petes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A.
filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum,
A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B.
vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thom-
sonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Gloc-
hidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All
the types are kept in SCBl and PE. 相似文献
15.
16.
张志耘 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2002,40(2):183-186
作为对英文版“Flora of China”海桐花科的分类学修订结果，提出了海桐花属6个种的8个新异名，并分别进行了讨论。 相似文献
17.
溥发鼎 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(5):385-393
藁本属Ligusticum L.属伞形科Umbelliferae芹亚科Apioideae Drude阿米芹族Ammineae
Koch。它在阿米芹族中，是一个较进化的类群，是介于阿米芹族与前胡族Peucedaneae DC．之间的一个过渡类型。藁本属全世界60余种。我国现知有34种，占该属种数的二分之一，其中28种及2个栽培变种为我国所特有。本文比较分析藁本属的形态学性状和孢粉学性状，以小总苞片及其相关特征作为该属次级划分的主要依据，将藁本属分为两个类群，并对该属的种类作了增补，对一些种的名称、分布作了补充修订。文中还记载了4个新种。喜马拉雅藁本L．elatum(Edgew.)C.B．Clarke和开展藁本L. thomsonii C. B. Clarke var．evolutior C. B．Clarke，系我国首次记录。 相似文献