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1.
Ben Piggott Sean Müller Paola Chivers Carmen Papaluca Gerard Hoyne 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(3):267-286
Sports science research is traditionally monodisciplinary despite calls for an interdisciplinary focus. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to identify studies on talent identification, talent selection and competition performance to determine whether interdisciplinary research is being conducted. Thirty-six studies met the selection criteria. These studies were critiqued relative to sport, skill level, sport science sub-disciplines included, and whether the research was multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary. The secondary purpose of the review was to critique the level of analysis and level of representative task design in performance tests used in the studies. Twenty-five studies were categorised as interdisciplinary, with 11 categorised as multidisciplinary. Thirteen sports were represented with soccer the most frequent followed by field hockey, Australian Rules football, handball and rugby league. Thirty-two studies completed their analysis at a group level and four at an individual level. A total of 337 performance tests were rated for representative task design with 64 categorised as low, 123 as medium and 150 as high. The results pertaining to interdisciplinary studies and individual analyses are discussed in relation to constraints theory, which predicts that interacting variables can explain sport performance. Sports science research is beginning to fulfil the call for interdisciplinary research. Future research, however, needs to consider individual analyses and representative task design of tests to progress sports science knowledge. 相似文献
2.
佟岗 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(8):78-84
从学科理论构建和运动实践的角度，探究运动训理论的练演进过程和前沿问题，重点围绕运动训练理论的研究热点、前沿关键词、核心作者、作者学术合作、热点文献、高被引文献以及核心机构和高被引期刊进行分析。研究认为：田麦久、过家兴等构建的以竞技能力、训练观念等为基础的传统运动训练理论始终是研究热点；适应运动训练实践的需求，以运动生理学、运动生物化学为主的跨学科实证性研究成为运动训练理论与实践结合的发展趋势；同时，在美国、德国等国外训练理论的影响下，以核心力量为主的训练理论成为焦点问题。在建立体育智库的背景下，我国运动训练理论以百家争鸣、百花齐放的发展态势逐步走向国际训练理论研究和实践应用领域。 相似文献
3.
Luiz Uehara Chris Button Mark Falcous Keith Davids 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2016,21(2):153-168
Background: Under the view of dynamical system theory, expertise in sports emerges from the interaction of multiple constraints. At an individual level, important interactions amongst constraints could include the relationships that evolve between one's family, playmates/coaches, and specific training activities. Or more broadly, other environmental constraints can be the strong socio-cultural-historical contexts that influence expertise development in sports around the world, such as rugby (e.g. New Zealand) and football (e.g. Brazil). An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the influence of environmental constraints on the development of sport expertise. Whilst making important contributions to knowledge, such studies have been limited in scope and fail to consider in depth how informal and even aversive learning environment constraints affect skills development.
Objective: The objective of this paper is to outline a new contextualised approach to studying socio-cultural constraints on individuals, proposing an interpretive, multi-method approach to holistically investigate the interacting constraints on an athlete's development pathway.
Aims: We explain a rationale for adopting an interpretive research paradigm (in contrast to traditional positivist approaches) for exploring socio-cultural constraints. The epistemological and methodological assumptions of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model of Human Development are proposed as an underpinning framework for data collection and organisation of material. We advocate for ethnographic strategies of inquiry, followed by a discussion of potential methods for generating and analysing data: contextual analysis, participant-observation, and open-ended interviews. Finally, we discuss evaluation criteria for this contextualised approach viewed from a coherence theory of truth.
Purpose: This position statement seeks to: (1) promote methodological possibilities to investigate the effect of socio cultural constraints on expertise acquisition in sport and (2) offer significant new theoretical and epistemological insights from the constraints-led approach to expertise and to integrate some of the interdisciplinary differences that exist in the body of sciences.
Final thoughts: Our tentative contribution to the development of the proposed contextualised skill acquisition research framework is to build bridges across the methodological boundaries between sociology and motor learning in the first instance, rather than offering a unifying approach for the whole field. We hope that this position statement will provide a foundation for future related empirical papers and to stimulate other researchers to consider the framework for their own investigations of motor learning in the field. 相似文献
4.
S. Loland 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(1):63-69
AbstractThe European College of Sport Science (ECSS) was established in part to promote the integrated study of sports and related phenomena from multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives. There are significant and enduring philosophical, epistemological and professional challenges and opportunities that arise from this integrationist perspective. In this article, we reflect upon the challenges that have arisen in the development of sport sciences in the attempt to realize the ECSS mission. We identify three paradigmatic approaches to sports science: (1) the mechanistic; (2) the hermeneutic and (3) the critical. We critically evaluate these paradigms and their potential within the broad framework of integrationist ambitions for sports science as a scientific field. 相似文献
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6.
郭道全 《天津体育学院学报》2008,23(1):81-83
从转换体育概念研究的思维方式出发,进而探讨体育概念规定的多样性以及实然之"体育"与应然之"体育"的二重化现象,为体育基本理论研究提供新的思路.研究表明,把"体育"的概念及其意义作为分析的重点有助于避开本质主义的追问方式及其困境.从不同角度或以不同标准去理解体育,必然导致"体育"概念规定的多样性."体育"概念的二重化是一种潜在的方法论模式,体育人文社会科学中关于"体育"的概念规定,与其说是对于实然之体育的客观描述,不如说是关于应然之体育的某种理想建构. 相似文献
7.
N. Balagué C. Torrents R. Hristovski J. A. S. Kelso 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(1):51-62
AbstractThe aim of the paper is to point out one way of integrating the supposedly incommensurate disciplines investigated in sports science. General, common principles can be found among apparently unrelated disciplines when the focus is put on the dynamics of sports-related phenomena. Dynamical systems approaches that have recently changed research in biological and social sciences among others, offer key concepts to create a common pluricontextual language in sport science. This common language, far from being homogenising, offers key synthesis between diverse fields, respecting and enabling the theoretical and experimental pluralism. It forms a softly integrated sports science characterised by a basic dynamic explanatory backbone as well as context-dependent theoretical flexibility. After defining the dynamic integration in living systems, unable to be captured by structural static approaches, we show the commonalities between the diversity of processes existing on different levels and time scales in biological and social entities. We justify our interpretation by drawing on some recent scientific contributions that use the same general principles and concepts, and diverse methods and techniques of data analysis, to study different types of phenomena in diverse disciplines. We show how the introduction of the dynamic framework in sport science has started to blur the boundaries between physiology, biomechanics, psychology, phenomenology and sociology. The advantages and difficulties of sport science integration and its consequences in research are also discussed. 相似文献
8.
Taking responsibility and creating social justice—in view of current social developments, e.g., the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities or the influx of more than 1 million refugees in 2015—this demand is also becoming increasingly louder in the context of sport: different types of sport should help to solve social problems or to prevent social imbalances. To date, however, the assumption that sport can do justice to this task is empirically almost untenable. This article provides an introduction to modeling the topic of sport in social responsibility for the sport pedagogical discourse and presents action and research practices as well as research objectives using the example of a socially effective youth sport in school, clubs, and social work. Two research projects provide an example of the scientific contribution that sport pedagogy can make by examining approaches to sport-related social projects and their effectiveness. The evaluation of the WiO-Fit project was able to show how appropriate sport programs can “lure” socially and educationally disadvantaged youth who can be guided into appropriate coaching and counseling services, according to the individual problems outside of sports. The research results of the social project Gobox show the central role that intergenerational relationship management and language play when it comes to increasing the commitment of youth who would otherwise turn away from sports. This article not only highlights the potential of sport pedagogical research in this field, but also provides suggestions for interdisciplinary cooperation and research practice. 相似文献
9.
从专业培养模式、办学定位和专业体系、支撑办学的体育理论基础和体育科研体系、教师学术群体等诸多方面分析了我国高等体育院校办学中存在的主要问题,结合国际高等体育院校办学经验探讨了我国高等体育院校体育教育、竞技训练、社会体育专业办学发展趋势,以求以科学发展观推动我国高等体育教育向纵深发展。 相似文献
10.
Ruud J. R. Den Hartigh A. Susan M. Niessen Wouter G. P. Frencken Rob R. Meijer 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1191-1198
The selection of athletes has been a central topic in sports sciences for decades. Yet, little consideration has been given to the theoretical underpinnings and predictive validity of the procedures. In this paper, we evaluate current selection procedures in sports given what we know from the selection psychology literature. We contrast the popular clinical method (predictions based on overall impressions of experts) with the actuarial approach (predictions based on pre-defined decision rules), and we discuss why the latter approach often leads to superior performance predictions. Furthermore, we discuss the “signs” and the “samples” approaches. Taking the prevailing signs approach, athletes’ technical-, tactical-, physical-, and psychological skills are often assessed separately in controlled settings. However, for predicting later sport performance, taking samples of athletes’ behaviours in their sports environment may result in more valid assessments. We discuss the possible advantages and implications of making selection procedures in sports more actuarial and sample-based. 相似文献
11.
Justin W. L. Keogh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):234-253
The Paralympic Games are the pinnacle of sport for many athletes with a disability. The overall purpose of this paper is to highlight the role that the field of sports biomechanics specifically (and sports science in general) may play in improving performance in various summer Paralympic sports through research and consultancy. To achieve this broad aim, this review provides some history and background on the Summer Paralympic Games, discusses the eligibility and classification rules, describes the potential for the constraints-led approach of dynamical systems theory to inform practice and research in this area, and reviews selected studies examining the biomechanics of the primary forms of Paralympic locomotion. Some recommendations on how sports biomechanics can help facilitate improvements in Paralympic athletic performance through applied research and consultancy are provided, along with commentary on what may be some of the most important issues addressing Paralympic sport. 相似文献
12.
Paralympic sport: an emerging area for research and consultancy in sports biomechanics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Paralympic Games are the pinnacle of sport for many athletes with a disability. The overall purpose of this paper is to highlight the role that the field of sports biomechanics specifically (and sports science in general) may play in improving performance in various summer Paralympic sports through research and consultancy. To achieve this broad aim, this review provides some history and background on the Summer Paralympic Games, discusses the eligibility and classification rules, describes the potential for the constraints-led approach of dynamical systems theory to inform practice and research in this area, and reviews selected studies examining the biomechanics of the primary forms of Paralympic locomotion. Some recommendations on how sports biomechanics can help facilitate improvements in Paralympic athletic performance through applied research and consultancy are provided, along with commentary on what may be some of the most important issues addressing Paralympic sport. 相似文献
13.
Within electromyography (EMG), a particular speciality has been developed wherein the aim is to use EMG for the study of muscular function and co‐ordination. This area of research is usually called kinesiological EMG. The general aims of kinesiological EMG are to analyse the function and co‐ordination of muscles in different movements and postures, in healthy subjects as well as in the disabled, in skilled actions as well as during training, in humans as well as in animals, under laboratory conditions as well as during daily or vocational activities. This is often done by a combination of electromyographical and kinesiological or biomechanical measurement techniques. Because there are over 400 skeletal muscles in the human body and both irregular and complex involvement of the muscles may occur in neuromuscular diseases and in voluntary occupational or sports movements, it is impossible to sample all of the muscles of the entire body during the performance of complex motor skills. In addition, the measurement of kinesiological EMG in sport and specific field circumstances, such as the track and/or soccer field, the alpine ski slope, the swimming pool and the ice rink, demands a specific technological and methodological approach, adaptable to both the field and the sport circumstances. Sport movement techniques and skills, training approaches and methods, ergonomic verification of the human‐machine interaction have, amongst others, a highly specialized muscular activity in common. The knowledge of such muscular action in all its aspects, its evaluation and its feedback should allow for the optimization of movement, of sports materials, of training possibilities and, in the end, of sports performance. Drawing conclusions from a review of the EMG research of 32 sports, covering over 100 different complex skills, including methodological approaches, is an impossible task. We have attempted to set standards concerning the EMG methodology at the beginning of this review. Electromyography and sports is a vast area and a complete review is impossible, as information will be found scattered in many different journals, including those on the sports sciences, ergonomics, biomechanics, applied physiology, in different congress proceedings, and so on. Consequently, many important aspects and possibly important publications may have been omitted from this review. 相似文献
14.
科技全球化背景下我国体育科技发展战略研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在科技全球化的浪潮中，体育科技全球化是必然的趋势。为了迎接科技全球化的挑战，在制宁我国体育科技发展战略时，应当充分认识到科技全球化的必然性，应当根据具体国情定好性，明确不同阶段的主要任务；应当加强国际体育科技交流与合作，并熟悉，遵守交流合作的国际规则；应当加强体育科技体制改革，体育科技要面向社会，面向世界，面向实践，应当合理整合体育科技资源，逐步形成集团优势；应当瞄准当前国际上居主导地位的高新技术在体育中的应用研究，应当加强体育研究生教育改革，培养具有国际竞争能力的体育科技人才。 相似文献
15.
Tim McGarry David I. Anderson Stephen A. Wallace Mike D. Hughes Ian M. Franks 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):771-781
The existence of structure in sport competition is implicated in the widespread practice of using the information gathered from a past contest to prepare for a future contest. Based on this reasoning, we previously analysed squash match-play for evidence of signature traits from among the stochastic relations between the various types of shot. The mixed findings from these analyses led us to re-analyse squash match-play as a dynamical system. Here, we extend this line of investigation with some suggestions as to how various sports might be described further within this theoretical framework. We offer some examples of dynamical interactions in dyadic (i.e. one vs one) and team (e.g. many vs many) sports, as well as some predictions from a dynamical systems analysis for these types of sports contests. This paper should serve to initiate further research into the complex interactions that occur in sport competition. 相似文献
16.
Sport competition as a dynamical self-organizing system 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
McGarry T Anderson DI Wallace SA Hughes MD Franks IM 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(10):771-781
The existence of structure in sport competition is implicated in the widespread practice of using the information gathered from a past contest to prepare for a future contest. Based on this reasoning, we previously analysed squash match-play for evidence of signature traits from among the stochastic relations between the various types of shot. The mixed findings from these analyses led us to re-analyse squash match-play as a dynamical system. Here, we extend this line of investigation with some suggestions as to how various sports might be described further within this theoretical framework. We offer some examples of dynamical interactions in dyadic (i.e. one vs one) and team (e.g. many vs many) sports, as well as some predictions from a dynamical systems analysis for these types of sports contests. This paper should serve to initiate further research into the complex interactions that occur in sport competition. 相似文献
17.
研究方法在制约我们的追求吗?--阅读《体育科学》2003年社会科学论文的联想 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
旨在较为全面地分析体育社会科学方法应用的现状，并以此为基础，探索提升体育社会科学研究水平的路径。对94篇载于2003年《体育科学》的社会科学类论文进行了分析。结果发现，无研究假设的研究(86篇，91．49％)和论述研究(50篇，53．19％)过多；实证研究(44篇)中，问卷调查(36篇，81．82％)存在信度、效度等方面的严重问题。从质疑反驳的学术传统、实证研究的基本范式、问卷调查的信度效度及优点缺点、实验研究的传统以及研究范式的统一与分离等6个方面讨论了体育社会科学的方法学取向问题。特别指出：体育科学的发展不能绕过科学主义和实证主义阶段；体育科学研究者很可能在科学标准这个最高层面和具体方法这个基础层面上达成共识。 相似文献
18.
目前,体育赛事营销成为体育产业中的热点问题。通过选取北京、上海、广州、沈阳、大连的观众作为实证研究对象,在回顾相关文献的基础上,运用因子分析、结构方程方法进行实证研究。得出研究结论:①体育赛事表现和服务质量对观众满意度有直接的正向影响;②体育赛事表现和服务质量通过赛事影响范围对观众满意度产生间接的正向影响。 相似文献
19.
In view of the changes in and growing variety of sports-related occupations, it is highly relevant for educational institutions to know how well the educational contents of their sport science courses meet the professional requirements. This study analyses the relationship between the competencies acquired through academic sports science courses and the requirements of the relevant jobs in Switzerland. The data for this empirical analysis were drawn from a sample of n = 1054 graduates of different academic sport science programmes at all eight Swiss universities. The results show that academic sport science courses primarily communicate sports-specific expertise and practical sports skills. On the other hand, most graduates consider that the acquisition of interdisciplinary competencies plays a comparatively minor role in sport science education, even though these competencies are felt to be an important requirement in a variety of work-related environments and challenges. 相似文献
20.
Damian Farrow Machar Reid Tim Buszard Stephanie Kovalchik 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2018,11(1):238-257
This review poses three key issues that will progress our understanding of the sport expertise literature and its translational scientific impact. Primarily relying on research conducted in interceptive sport tasks, and to a lesser extent team sports, we review the perceptual-cognitive skills of sports experts and explore the challenge of designing a sufficiently representative task to examine expertise. We focus on the methodological challenges presented by the reciprocal relationship between players’ action capabilities and their perceptual-cognitive skill. Second, we consider the need for a paradigm shift in the experimental approach used when examining the development of sport expertise. In short, a shift from traditional expert-novice designs to more prospective longitudinal designs that cross-sectionally track the development of expertise is discussed. The final issue considers how the volume of in situ data now collected provides a rich source of information that sport expertise researchers have only begun to consider and integrate with more traditional sport psychology research. We demonstrate how statistical approaches that have described the likely trajectories of expert performers on their journey toward expertise coupled with more traditional qualitative experimental approaches can provide useful insights into the development of psychological performance skills and more broadly sport expertise. 相似文献