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1.
国学何辜？说国学“实际上是清朝末年、一直到五四以来,有些保守的人抵制西方‘科学’与‘民主’文化的一种借口”,也很难说完全与事实相符。保守,未必就是价值贬义,那些主张国学的人,也未必就抗拒民主科学;这正如声称民主科学未必就真的科学民主一样。五四时期的梅光迪、胡先、吴宓等都是著名的文化保守主义者, 相似文献
2.
韩升 《华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2013,(3)
共同体主义是补充与完善西方自由主义的重要政治哲学思潮.西方共同体主义深受古典哲学思想影响,认为政治是一种远离暴力和强制的、通过理性对话实现的、为普通公民所普遍积极参与的公共存在状态.在自由问题上,西方共同体主义坚持处境化自由观,倡导在与有意义的他者的承认关系中达成自我实现;在民主问题上,西方共同体主义提出积极培育现代公共领域以实现社会民主与政治民主的协调互补;在权利问题,西方共同体主义反对剥离善性的空洞权利观,主张呈现权利要求背后的道德根源由此维系权利共生的社会公共生活. 相似文献
3.
民主作为一种国家制度可以保障人民的权利,作为一种平等、自由、开放的交往关系,它可以完善主体的思维方式,激发主体的能动性,为真理与科学的发展提供了良好的社会政治条件和环境,从而促进科学与真理的发展. 相似文献
4.
审美社群体验的在世想象——后现代社会的“美学共同体”批判 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李立 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,38(6):10-13
后现代社会对"美学共同体"的热衷与追求,是传统伦理共同体消解之后个体自由与个体安全之两难矛盾的直接产物,与传统伦理所内含的共同体体验不同,此一后现代的"美学共同体"呈现出共契与分离、归属与孤独、稳定与流变等一系列悖论性体验模式,对此悖论性体验模式的分析表明,后现代社会的"美学共同体"诉求,最终不过是大众消费文化以审美自由为策略,谋求个体社群体验之安全感的一种在世想象。 相似文献
5.
民主、科学与中国的现代化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
易竹贤 《荆州师范学院学报》1999,22(4):5-8
用民主与科学的现代价值标准,对中国传统文化实行价值重估,是“五四”新文化运动的根本特征,其次是重个人的自由、权利。其三是更强调科学精神、科学态度和科学方法。从民主与科学精神的角度看,当前需要正确处理三个关系：一是正确处理民主与集中的关系。二是要正确处理个人与社会的关系;三要全面理解科学,正确处理人的科学精神与物的科学技术的关系。 相似文献
6.
骆夷 《内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2015,(2):58-63
墨菲试图调和自由主义与民主,构建一种激进的多元民主政治理论。在宏观层面,这一理论体现为多元的社会共同体争夺话语霸权的过程;在微观层面,作为社会主体的多元共同体具有很多偶然性和不确定性,同时,墨菲既区分了个体身份与公民身份、私人领域与公共领域,又将这些分离链接起来,这一逻辑与她将自由主义和民主结合起来的逻辑相似。民主倾向于一种等值性逻辑,自由主义倾向于一种差异性逻辑,而墨菲认为,现代民主无法完全抛弃自由主义,自由与平等之间的张力恰恰构成了一种新的民主政治方式。墨菲的这一独特理论构建在具有积极意义的同时,也因其多元化思路的不确定性而难以付诸实践。 相似文献
7.
论文化哲学视野中的主体教育 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
当前主体教育发展面临着合理性挑战。从文化哲学的视野看主体教育是回应这一挑战的前提。从文化哲学的视野看主体教育,主体教育是一种适应工业社会需要的新的文化形态;当前主体教育研究应坚持主体教育所体现的科学、民主和自由的价值取向;立足对传统文化与日常生活、工具理性与学校制度文化、大众文化与学生文化的合理性批判和重建,可以找到学生主体性发展的新的可能性。 相似文献
8.
民族传统体育纳入学校体育教学的必要性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
民族传统体育是从民族共同体文化中剥离与突显出来的一种民族体育文化形式,是我国社会主义体育事业的重要组成部分。民族体育文化作为一种人类社会文化的补充与完善,除了具备一般文化的特征之外,还具有自己独特的内涵和民族文化特征。全面、系统、科学地认识民族传统体育,是振奋民族精神、加强民族团结、发扬爱国主义精神、促进社会进步与发展的重要保证。 相似文献
9.
传统平等与人的平等——费耶阿本德哲学的科学主义与人本主义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
牛秋业 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,34(1):152-154
费耶阿本德的思想既属于科学主义的流派,又包含了人本主义的倾向,他认为,科学是“伦理学”的。科学是整个社会中的一种传统,与其他的传统处于平等的地位,其他传统的存在有利于科学的进步。传统的平等是自由社会的基础,只有传统的平等才能消解专家的地位,进而达到人与人的平等。 相似文献
10.
学校是社会的缩影,班级是学校的细胞。班级建设经过三个阶段,表现为三种形态。初创阶段为“结合体”形态,发展阶段为“聚合体”形态,高级阶段为“共同体”形态。走向“共同体”是班级建设的时代要求和必然趋势。无论是儿童身心的发展,还是学校教育目标的实现,乃至国家民主制度的建设都植根于作为“细胞”的班级。以民主为核心价值的班级共同体的建设需要达成一个共识：民主要从娃娃抓起,民主制度的建设任重而道远,真正的民主是人的自由的保障和本质的体现。 相似文献
11.
Lars Bang 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2018,13(3):807-822
This paper explores the concept of scientific literacy through its relation to democracy and citizenship. Scientific literacy has received international attention in the twenty-first century as demonstrated by the Programme for International Student Assessment survey of 2006. It is no longer just a concept but has become a stated and testable outcome in the science education research community. This paper problematizes the ‘marriage’ between scientific literacy and democracy, particularly the idea that scientific literacy is a presupposed necessity to proper citizenship and awareness of the role of science in modern society. A perusal of the science education literature can provide a history of scientific literacy, as it exists as a research category. Through Gilles Deleuze’s notion of the Dogmatic Image of Thought and its relation to a Spinozist understanding of individuation/Becoming, it is argued that scientific literacy is not a recent invention and is problematic in its relation to democracy. This article is thus intended to act more as vehicle to move, stimulate and dramatize thought and potentially reconceptualise scientific literacy, than a comprehensive historical analysis. The concept of scientific literacy has undergone specific transformations in the last two centuries and has been enacted in different manifestations throughout modernity. Here the analysis draws upon Deleuze’s reading of Michel Foucault and the notion of the Diagram related to Foucault’s oeuvre, and is specifically using Foucault’s notion of rationalities as actualized threads or clusters of discourse. The obvious link between science and democracy is an effect of specific rationalities within the epistemological field of science, rather than intrinsic, essential characteristics of science or scientific literacy. There is nothing intrinsic in its function for democracy. Through a case study of the work of Charles W. Eliot and Herbert Spencer and the modern enactment of scientific literacy in contemporary science education, this paper shows the cultural and historical contingencies on which the relation between scientific literacy and democracy has been constructed through a rationality this article calls the Man of Science. The mythical Ouroboros will be used as a Fresh Image of Thought to explore the movements and folds within the discursive formation of Scientific Literacy, the rationality of the Man of Science, and their relation to democracy. 相似文献
12.
Keith S. Taber 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2017,12(1):81-91
Lisa Borgerding’s work highlights how students can understand evolution without necessarily committing to it, and how learners may come to see it as one available way of thinking amongst others. This is presented as something that should be considered a successful outcome when teaching about material that many students may find incompatible with their personal worldviews. These findings derive from work exploring a cause célèbre of the science education community—the teaching of natural selection in cultural contexts where learners feel they have strong reasons for rejecting evolutionary ideas. Accepting that students may understand but not commit to scientific ideas that are (from some cultural perspectives) controversial may easily be considered as a form of compromise position when teaching canonical science prescribed in curriculum but resisted by learners. Yet if we take scholarship on the nature of science seriously, and wish to reflect the nature of scientific knowledge in science teaching, then the aim of science education should always be to facilitate understanding of, yet to avoid belief in, the ideas taught in science lessons. The philosophy of science suggests that scientific knowledge needs to be understood as theoretical in nature, as conjectural and provisional; and the history of science warns of the risks of strongly committing to any particular conceptualisation as a final account of some feature of nature. Research into student thinking and learning in science suggests that learning science is often a matter of coming to understand a new viable way of thinking about a topic to complement established ways of thinking. Science teaching should then seek to have students appreciate scientific ideas as viable ways of making sense of the currently available empirical evidence, but should not be about persuading students of the truth of any particular scientific account. 相似文献
13.
William W. Cobern 《Science & Education》1995,4(3):287-302
In Kuhnian terms, science education has been a process of inducting students into the reigning paradigms of science. In 1985, Duschl noted that science education had not kept pace with developments in the history and philosophy of science. The claim of certainty for scientific knowledge which science educators grounded in positivist philosophy was rendered untenable years ago and it turns out that social and cultural factors surrounding discovery may be at least as important as the justification of knowledge.Capitalizing on these new developments, Duschl, Hamilton, and Grandy (1990) wrote a compelling argument for the need to have a joint research effort in science education involving the philosophy and history of science along with cognitive psychology. However, the issue of discovery compels the research community go one step further. If the science education community has been guilty of neglecting historical and philosophical issues in science, let it not now be guilty of ignoring sociological issues in science. A collaborative view ought also to include the sociological study of cultural milieu in which scientific ideas arise. In other words, an external sociological perspective on science. The logic of discovery from a sociological point of view implies that conceptual change can also be viewed from a sociological perspective. 相似文献
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五四前后掀起的“科学思潮”成为新文化运动高举的“科学”与“民主”两面大旗之一,中国科学社主办的《科学》杂志在此间扮演了重要的角色,它的作用不仅在于对科学概念的完善,使它提倡的科学的精神和方法影响了当下许多学人的治学,而且对科学知识的普及也成为启蒙运动的一部分而不容忽视。 相似文献
16.
Science education has experienced significant changes since the mid-20th century, most recently with the creation of STEM curricula (DeBoer 1991; Yager 2000). The emergence of the World Wide Web as a tool in research and discovery offers Pre-K-12 science education an opportunity to share information and perspectives which engage students with the scientific community (Zoller 2011). Students are able to access open, transparent sites creating common resources pools and autonomous working groups which can be used for shared problem solving. Science teachers should carefully build web 2.0 technology into their practice based on a changing pedagogy. Instead of focusing on teaching rule-based concepts and processes in which the teacher’s role is that of expert, education should be focusing on possibilities of the web both in scientific research and understanding. In addition, web-focused education can also help remake scientific product as a public good in the lives of both science researchers and science consumers. 相似文献
17.
相对于发达国家而言,我国的经济、科技、文化发展水平还处于相对不发达阶段,社会民主化进程相对滞后,因此我国的科技政策制定模式还处于转型期,即从精英的垄断制定模式向共同体的博弈制定模式转变,但仍以精英的垄断制定模式为主。由于公共权力与学术权力的利益化,这种科技政策制定模式往往导致科技资源的垄断与恶性集中,影响科技界的公平与效率,并最终影响甚至阻碍我国科技的进步与发展。 相似文献
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Can research on science learning and instruction inform standards for science education? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Linn Marcia C. diSessa Andy Pea Roy D. Songer Nancy B. 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》1994,3(1):7-15
We contrast the current science education reform effort with the reforms of the 1960s and suggest how the current effort could be enhanced. We identify insights from recent research that we believe can inform the reform process, in particular, to reach all science students and also impart a cohesive view of science. We propose an alternative models view of scientific explanation and show how this view would contribute to reforms of (1) course goals, (2) social aspects of science learning, (3) instructional practices, and (4) roles for technology.This paper summarizes discussions and debates that the authors have had over the last few years. The dialogue stems, in part, from our joint participation in the American Educational Research Association Special Interest Group on Education in Science and Technology (AERA SIG:EST) leadership. This paper communicates the spirit of our thinking and does not necessarily reflect the view of SIG:EST, or any other organization.We gratefully acknowledge the support of National Science Foundation Grant MDR-9253462 in work related to this paper. We appreciate helpful comments from Eileen Lewis and the Computer as Learning Partner group.This material is based upon research supported by the National Science Foundation under grant RED-9155744. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
20.
"科学为人民"组织成立于上世纪60年代末美苏冷战的时代背景下,是具有马克思主义倾向的左翼组织。该组织成员强调科学技术的社会文化语境,揭露美国的政府与企业相结合对科技研究的主导,号召科学研究应该具有自主性,并传播"人民的科学"理念。作为时代的产物,"科学为人民"运动的主张深深地打上了时代的烙印,因而其主张也具有一定的局限性。在物质文化和科学技术极端丰富发展的今天,反思科技的负面效应、追问科学的本质及其与人的关系,这或许是"科学为人民"运动带给当今社会的启示。 相似文献