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1.
The present formatting and content of abstracts in educational research might be one barrier preventing wider dissemination and use of such research. Structured abstracts, with specific formatting and content requirements, might help researchers disseminate their work more effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study was to investigate 2 years of abstracts of empirical research articles submitted to Research in the Schools and to determine the extent to which the abstracts were underdeveloped, thereby suggesting the need for structured abstracts. Of the 74 articles reviewed, 35 (44.3%) contained an underdeveloped abstract. Articles with underdeveloped abstracts were approximately twice as likely to be rejected than were articles with developed abstracts. Finally, 34.3% of the articles contained information in the abstract (e.g., purpose statement, sample size, findings) that was inconsistent with information provided elsewhere in the article. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(51-52):121-129
The "Information Superhighway" is much in the news, and this news is traveling with Appleseed alacrity, bringing many new user expectations for manipulating automated bibliographic resources. Bibliographic instruction librarians must respond to people who want access to information from any number of points. This essay presents an exercise in making critical distinctions by encouraging people to read ERIC abstracts as arguments. Works touching on rhetoric and bibliographic instruction are reviewed, and abstracts are presented for sentence structure and rhetoric. Rhetoric is assessed on the basis of whether the words can be traced to a distinct "active" argument, or, in contrast, whether they seem to be casually assembled The essay also argues that critical reading is not based on memorized grammar rules; rather, is based on careful attention to what words do within the context of a sentence. Thus, what the abstract accomplishes within the context of the research. 相似文献
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科技期刊英文摘要的编写要求 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
摘要应在具体、清楚、不遗漏要点的前提下尽量简洁。介绍Ei对英文摘要语体的要求，给出了缩短文摘篇幅的方法。指出对作者工作叙述不具体、背景信息和无用信息过多是我国科技期刊英文摘要中经常出现的问题，并举例说明英文摘要的修改方法。 相似文献
4.
Rachel J. Hinrichs Mirian Ramirez Mahasin Ameen 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(4):590
Objective:We sought to determine how many abstracts presented at the 2012 and 2014 Medical Library Association (MLA) annual conferences were later published as full-text journal articles and which features of the abstract and first author influence the likelihood of future publication. To do so, we replicated a previous study on MLA conference abstracts presented in 2002 and 2003. The secondary objective was to compare the publication rates between the prior and current study.Methods:Presentations and posters delivered at the 2012 and 2014 MLA meetings were coded to identify factors associated with publication. Postconference publication of abstracts as journal articles was determined using a literature search and survey sent to first authors. Chi-squared tests were used to assess differences in the publication rate, and logistic regression was used to assess the influence of abstract factors on publication.Results:The combined publication rate for the 2012 and 2014 meetings was 21.8% (137/628 abstracts), which is a statistically significant decrease compared to the previously reported rate for 2002 and 2003 (27.6%, 122/442 abstracts). The odds that an abstract would later be published as a journal article increased if the abstract was multi-institutional or if it was research, specifically surveys or mixed methods research.Conclusions:The lower publication rate of MLA conference abstracts may be due to an increased number of program or nonresearch abstracts that were accepted or a more competitive peer review process for journals. MLA could increase the publication rate by encouraging and enabling multi-institutional research projects among its members. 相似文献
5.
We explore the feasibility of automatically identifying sentences in different MEDLINE abstracts that are related in meaning.
We compared traditional vector space models with machine learning methods for detecting relatedness, and found that machine
learning was superior. The Huber method, a variant of Support Vector Machines which minimizes the modified Huber loss function,
achieves 73% precision when the score cutoff is set high enough to identify about one related sentence per abstract on average.
We illustrate how an abstract viewed in PubMed might be modified to present the related sentences found in other abstracts
by this automatic procedure. 相似文献
6.
Takeo Nakayama Nobuko Hirai Shigeaki Yamazaki Mariko Naito 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2005,93(2):237-242
BACKGROUND: The use of a structured abstract has been recommended in reporting medical literature to quickly convey necessary information to editors and readers. The use of structured abstracts increased during the mid-1990s; however, recent practice has yet to be analyzed. OBJECTIVES: This article explored actual reporting patterns of abstracts recently published in selected medical journals and examined what these journals required of abstracts (structured or otherwise and, if structured, which format). METHODS: The top thirty journals according to impact factors noted in the "Medicine, General and Internal" category of the ISI Journal Citation Reports (2000) were sampled. Articles of original contributions published by each journal in January 2001 were examined. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the patterns of structured abstracts objectively. Journals' instructions to authors for writing an article abstract were also examined. RESULTS: Among 304 original articles that included abstracts, 188 (61.8%) had structured and 116 (38.2%) had unstructured abstracts. One hundred twenty-five (66.5%) of the abstracts used the introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) format, and 63 (33.5%) used the 8-heading format proposed by Haynes et al. Twenty-one journals requested structured abstracts in their instructions to authors; 8 journals requested the 8-heading format; and 1 journal requested it only for intervention studies. CONCLUSIONS: Even in recent years, not all abstracts of original articles are structured. The eight-heading format was neither commonly used in actual reporting patterns nor noted in journal instructions to authors. 相似文献
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指出现有纸本期刊研究论文摘要存在的问题和缺陷。提出数字化出版条件下为更充分地表达科技期刊研究论文的核心学术内容应拓展其摘要内容的建议,即在现有摘要的基础上应附加重要图表、数理式和关键引文等内容,并探讨其必要性、可行性及其具体方式。 相似文献
10.
Objective: To determine whether information retrieval might be enhanced by making each component of a structured abstract a separately searchable field. Design: Parallel searches on records arranged so that each abstract could either be searched in its entirety or as a collection of structured fields. Subjects: Records about cardiovascular disease downloaded from MEDLINE and tested against clinical questions derived from a concurrent survey of CD-ROM use in three health science libraries. Intervention: The investigators identified terms used to structure abstracts on MEDLINE and imported the abstracts into an Idealist database prior to searching using keywords from clinical questions. Measurements and main results: recall and precision rates are given for each question in the ‘structured’ and the ‘unstructured’ set of records. Conclusions: Use of structured, rather than unstructured, abstracts improves precision at the ex-pense of recall and places heavier demands upon the searcher’s skill in choosing the correct fields within the abstract to search. Further investigation requires more accurate simulation of MEDLINE software that utilizes features such as MeSH terms, explode, facilities and delimiters. 相似文献
11.
中医药期刊摘要编排现状分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解中医药期刊摘要编排的现状,根据最新出版的2001年中国科技期刊影响因子中医类排序,选择居前12名的2002年出版的中医药期刊为统计对象,分析各刊中、英文摘要的比例以及其中结构式摘要的比例,以了解摘要编排的"量"和"质".结果表明,12种中医药期刊平均中文摘要编排率、英文摘要编排率、报道性摘要采用率分别为53.50%、35.20%和77.16%.认为中医药期刊论文摘要的编排率偏低,尤其是英文摘要的编排率更低,但摘要的编排质量尚可,报道性摘要采用率超过80%. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 自动识别项目申请书摘要中的科学要素,对于揭示科技项目中的科学知识具有重要的研究意义。这些科学要素的识别依赖于结构化项目摘要文本,然而目前结构化项目摘要语料资源匮乏,严重制约着相关研究的进一步发展。拟构建项目申请书摘要文本的语步语料集,为相关研究提供数据支撑。[方法/过程] 首先将项目摘要内容归纳为背景及问题、目标及任务、方法内容、价值意义4种语步类型,总结每个语步结构中出现的标志性特征并制定语步标注规范;其次相继利用基于规则和基于深度学习的方法辅助人工进行项目摘要的语步结构标注,并对每轮标注后的语料进行质量评估。[结果/结论] 两种方法共计标注近25 000条语句,语料标注的一致性系数达到0.983 9,表明该语料集基本能够区分项目摘要内的不同语步结构,初步达到了语料库建设的基本要求。 相似文献
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Access to health care machine-readable data files (MRDF) is becoming increasingly important to students and researchers in the health care field who use the data in secondary analysis. Health sciences libraries must play a role in providing such access, and this role should consist primarily in providing users with information about the identity and contents of available MRDF and about how they may be obtained. Libraries should therefore collect extensive materials containing information about the MRDF that may be of interest to their users. Many such materials are available in print, and their quality may be expected to improve as newly developed methods and procedures for constructing bibliographic citations, abstracts, and catalog entries for MRDF are put into practice. Also, it is now feasible to incorporate data file abstracts into existing online bibliographic databases. 相似文献
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国内多数医学期刊英文摘要中没有背景信息部分描写,而国外多数知名医学期刊摘要中则有背景信息部分。该文从医学论文英文摘要的篇章结构入手,分析国外期刊摘要中背景信息存在的原因,指出背景信息有助于语篇的语义连贯,增强摘要的可读性,提高读者的阅读兴趣和对文摘内容的记忆力。国内期刊应与国际期刊接轨,增加背景信息部分。 相似文献
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《全国报刊索引》摘刊量大摘文量小，而相应学科的文献期刊则相反。它们在不同程度上离期刊信息的实际离散特性。因此，用不同的检索类期刊研究与期刊信息离散性有关的同一课题时，难以得到相同的结果。检索类期刊摘刊摘文量的规范化以及采用科学的综合方法是更真实地反映期刊信息散性的有效途径。 相似文献
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图文摘要由图片和简短的文字说明组成,反映论文的核心内容,以便于读者浏览和了解论文的主题,是科技期刊论文出版时额外附加的内容。充分利用数字化出版平台,应用图文摘要,丰富论文的出版内容,不仅能更好地为广大读者服务,而且能够提高期刊质量,进而扩大其影响力。文中对国际上具有较大影响力的10种农业期刊刊载图文摘要的情况进行了分析,对图文摘要的内容、形式等进行了总结,以期引起国内科技期刊对图文摘要应用的关注。 相似文献
17.
[目的 /意义]将海量学术文本观点提取工作由人工转向机器,提高效率的同时又能够保证观点提取的准确性、客观性。[方法 /过程]使用UniLM统一语言预训练模型,训练过程中对模型进行精调,以人工标注数据集进行机器学习。将学术文摘作为长度为a的文本序列,经过机器学习,生成长度为b的句子序列(a≥b),并且作为学术论文观点句输出。[结果 /结论 ]研究结果表明：UniLM模型对于规范型文摘、半规范型文摘、非规范型文摘观点生成精准度分别为94.36%、77.27%、57.43%,规范型文摘生成效果最好。将机器学习模型应用于长文本观点生成,为学术论文观点生成提供一种新方法。不足之处在于本文模型依赖文摘的结构性,对非规范型文摘观点生成效果有所欠缺。 相似文献
18.
[目的/意义] 论文摘要是信息组织的重要标引对象,将论文摘要按一定结构进行标引有利于科学传播、知识发现和情报分析。如何对现有非结构式摘要进行精准快速的自动标引是亟待解决的现实问题。[方法/过程] 假定不同类别的摘要具有内在一致性,即对结构式摘要的研究可为非结构式摘要自动标引提供方法和技术参考。据此,基于美国国家医学图书馆结构要素标签术语集和标签分类映射关系,提出结构要素BOMRC体系和结构式摘要的识别与规范化标引方法。其次选取研究样本并采用文本挖掘方法对样本语料中的单词、动词、三词词块、四词词块等词汇进行词频、TFIDF值等多个指标的定量统计分析,构建能够进行结构要素识别的语义特征词典。最后利用非结构式摘要测试集进行语义特征词典有效性检验。[结果/结论] 结果显示,利用语义特征词典方法能够有效识别非结构式摘要的各类要素,并可用于优化以机器学习方法为核心的自动识别模型。 相似文献
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��[Purpose/significance] The abstract of scientific papers is a vital indexing object within information organization. Meanwhile, indexing the abstract according to certain rules is conducive for not only scientific communication or knowledge discovery, and intelligence analysis as well. Thus, how to realize auto-index accurately and quickly, for millions of unstructured abstracts existed nowadays is a crucial problem to be addressed.[Method/process] This study assumed that different categories of abstract are inherently consistent, that is, the study of structured abstract can provide a method and technical reference for unstructured abstract auto-indexing. Acting in accordance with this assumption and based on the US National Library of Medicine's structural element labeling terminology, this study accomplished mapping across abstract element classifications and proposed BOMRC system, a normalization indexing method for structured abstract. Then we collected research sample and used text mining method to analyze multiple features of structured abstract quantitatively and statistically, such as word frequency, TF-IDF value, as for dimension of words, verbs, three-word lexical chunks and four-word lexical chunks, which enabled us propose a semantic feature dictionary for structured elements. Finally, we used unstructured abstract to test the validity of the semantic feature dictionary.[Result/conclusion] The results show that the semantic feature dictionary method can effectively identify various structural elements of scientific paper abstract, and it can be used to optimize the automatic recognition model, which may be based on machine learning methods. 相似文献
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图书馆学、情报学核心期刊论文摘要分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对图书情报专业17种核心期刊文前摘要的统计分析发现:图书情报专业核心期刊文前摘要普通存在着指示性文摘过多、篇幅短、信息量少、人称使用不规范等情况,这是由学科性质、文章内容、作者意识、编辑要求等多方面原因造成的。建议图书情报界要开展文摘标准化讨论,提高作者认识,而图书情报专业核心期刊的编辑更应做出表率,严格规范。 相似文献