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1.
Our study aims at shedding light on the innovative business strategies in the software sector and understanding better the economics that underlies the supply of Open Source Software (OSS). We use survey data collected from 170 Finnish software companies to investigate how different properties of software firms, such as size, age, intellectual capital, absorptive capacity, and ownership structure affect their decisions to base their business strategies on OSS supply or proprietary distribution of products and services.Our empirical findings indicate that the adoption of technologically advanced strategies requiring complex legal and managerial knowledge, such as the OSS supply strategy, demands relatively highly educated employees. The support for and development of an education system providing highly skilled people from different fields are essential for the firms’ successful adoption of innovative business strategies. We also find that market entrants have largely driven the OSS adoption, but there are no significant age-related differences in the adoption behavior of incumbent software firms. 相似文献
2.
When trying to attain the benefits of open source software (OSS), proprietary closed source software (PCSS) firms are struggling to adopt this radically different practice of software development. We approach these adoption challenges as a problem of gaining support for organizational innovation. Through a mixed-method research design consisting of qualitative interviews and a survey of employees of a large telecommunications firm, we find that the organizational innovation to commercially engage in OSS has different impacts on technical and administrative dimensions of different job roles. Accordingly, individuals enacting different job roles are—on average—more or less well aligned with the OSS practice and OSS processes per se. We find that individual-level attributes can counterbalance the job role changes that weaken support for adopting OSS, while perceived organizational commitment has no effect. Suggestions for PCSS firms are presented and implications for innovation literature are discussed. 相似文献
3.
随着开源软件(OSS)的普及，作为其承载平台的开源软件社区，也得到了用户的广泛使用。但用户往往仅从社区获取开源软件或代码，而缺乏知识贡献的意愿，这将影响OSS社区的持续运营和发展。基于社会影响理论，本文建立了开源软件社区用户知识贡献行为模型，考察了顺从、认同、内化三种社会影响机制对用户行为的作用。研究收集了351份有效数据，采用结构方程模型(SEM)进行分析。研究结果显示，社会认可（认同机制）是影响开源软件社区用户知识贡献意愿的主要因素，群体规范（内化机制）对用户的贡献意愿没有显著作用，而主观规范（顺从机制）阻碍用户的贡献意愿形成。研究结果启示开源软件社区需重视建立用户的社会认同，从而促进其知识贡献行为，确保社区的成功。 相似文献
4.
Linus Dahlander 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1243-1259
Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need ‘a man on the inside’ to be able to gain access to communities. 相似文献
5.
The open source software (OSS) movement thrives on innovation and volunteer effort of developers. Scholars have expressed widespread concern about the sustainability of the OSS movement due to high levels of volunteerism. In this paper, we address a central challenge to the sustainability of OSS-developers’ acceptance of monetary rewards. We strive to explain why some OSS developers accept monetary rewards and others do not. Viewed through the theoretical lens of the private-collective innovation model (0395 and 0400), this allows us to describe when developers will accept private financial rewards. Our main research objective is to clearly map the web of relationships between causal antecedents, and developers’ acceptance behavior. Using a unique dataset that combines survey and behavioral measures, we find that – (a) intention to accept monetary rewards mediates the impact of motivational elements on developers’ acceptance of monetary rewards; (b) intrinsic and extrinsic motivations positively affect their intention to accept monetary rewards, community motivation negatively impacts intention and ideological motivation does not affect the intention to accept rewards and (c) these effects are obtained even after inclusion of several control variables. The theoretical and managerial implications of our work are described. 相似文献
6.
This study aims to examine the relationships between managerial learning as a facet of knowledge absorption (KA), firm innovation as a facet of knowledge exploitation (KE), and performance of small firms (i.e., firms with fewer than 50 employees). It builds on the knowledge-based view of the firm and the upper echelons theory to describe the effects of KA on KE, and that of KE on firm performance, in the small-firm context. Using survey data of 1441 small firms in New Zealand, the study applies a partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling to test the main hypotheses of the study. The main findings show the positive and significant effects of three types of managerial learning, namely, practice-based, proximal, and distal learning, on innovation and on innovation in firm performance. However, the curvilinear relationships suggest rather that the effects are finite and, potentially, confounded by factors unaccounted for in the models. 相似文献
7.
避免合作研发中出现的机会主义行为是实现合作研发目标的重要保证。本文关注合作研发的控制机制与机会主义行为的关系,及合作研发伙伴间的技术差异和管理差异对该关系的调节作用。研究发现：契约控制和信任控制都可以减少合作研发中的机会主义行为。同时,契约控制对机会主义行为的抑制作用在技术差异和管理差异大时会被削弱,而信任控制的抑制作用在技术差异和管理差异大时会更加重要。本文识别出可以抑制合作研发中机会主义行为的要素,并丰富了对控制机制的价值和有效性的认识。同时,本文还可以指导企业针对合作研发伙伴间差异这一情境,设计控制机制来减少合作研发中的机会主义行为,进而促进合作研发目标的实现。 相似文献
8.
管理能力是企业竞争优势的重要来源,现在普遍认为企业通过管理学习能够获取先进的管理技术、推动管理水平的提升,但关于管理学习的具体过程还鲜有研究。本研究以苏宁云商集团为例,通过案例研究揭示了管理学习的动因以及学习过程中的内容选择、路径选择、网络构建三大核心问题。研究表明,①管理升级的困境是管理学习的关键动因;②企业可以通过参观和考察优秀企业、借助外部专业机构辨别学习内容,降低信息不对称性;③企业应该根据管理知识的属性、嵌入性及企业积累的知识基础等特征选择恰当的学习路径;④多元的内外部学习网络能够为企业提供异质的知识来源,从而降低信息不对称性,同时这也是内外部学习代理人的重要来源。 相似文献
9.
Joachim Henkel 《Research Policy》2006,35(7):953-969
This paper provides a quantitative study (N = 268) of patterns of free revealing of firm-developed innovations within embedded Linux, a type of open source software (OSS). I find that firms, without being obliged to do so, contribute many of their own developments back to public embedded Linux code, eliciting and indeed receiving informal development support from other firms. That is, they perform a part of their product development open to the public—an unthinkable idea for traditionally minded managers. Such openness obviously entails the challenge of protecting one's intellectual property. I find that firms address this issue by revealing selectively. They reveal, on average, about half of the code they have developed, while protecting the other half by various means. Revealing is strongly heterogeneous among firms. Multivariate analysis can partly explain this heterogeneity by firm characteristics and the firm's purpose behind revealing. An analysis of reasons for revealing and of the type of revealed code shows that different types of firms have different rationales for openness. Implications for management are that the conflict between downsides and benefits of openness appears manageable. Provided selective revealing is practiced deliberately, the opportunities of open development dominate. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104846
This is the first study to consider the relationship between open source software (OSS) and entrepreneurship around the globe. This study measures whether country-level participation on the GitHub OSS platform affects the founding of innovative ventures, and where it does so, for what types of ventures. We estimate these effects using cross-country variation in new venture founding and OSS participation. We propose an approach using instrumental variables, and cannot reject a causal interpretation. The study finds that an increase in GitHub participation in a given country generates an increase in the number of new technology ventures within that country in the subsequent year. The evidence suggests this relationship is complementary to a country's endowments, and does not substitute for them. In addition to this positive change in the rate of entrepreneurship, we also find a change in direction—OSS contributions lead to new ventures that are more mission- and global-oriented and are of a higher quality. Together, the results suggest that OSS can boost entrepreneurial activity, albeit with a human capital prerequisite. Finally, we consider the implications for policies that encourage OSS as a lever for stimulating entrepreneurial growth. 相似文献
13.
Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? “Collective invention” regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation. 相似文献
14.
对影响科技型小微企业成长的个体和环境要素经由问卷调查法和访谈法来识别,同时从组织生态学的个体、种群和环境3个方面对科技型小微企业的影响因素进行探究,其中个体因素囊括了资源和能力,宏观因素涵盖了集群和发展环境.在此基础上,建立适于科技型小微企业成长的系统模型,展现其成长过程——个体成长过程、种群和群落的演变过程、周边环境对成长的影响过程.针对我国科技型小微企业的发展现状及其成长影响的研究现状,发现有待改进的微观和宏观方面的问题并提出具体的意见和建议,为我国科技型小微企业发展和决策提供参考. 相似文献
15.
Marcelo Bronzo Paulo Tarso Vilela de Resende Marcos Paulo Valadares de Oliveira Kevin P. McCormack Paulo Renato de Sousa Reinaldo Lopes Ferreira 《International Journal of Information Management》2013
How to align business analytics with process orientation initiatives and how management can influence a synergistic accomplishment of these two elements in order to streamline organizational performance is a foremost managerial issue. By means of a quantitative research effort, a study was designed to investigate the relationships among these constructs. Empirical data were collected in 2011 from a survey of 368 large and mid-sized industrial and service companies headquartered in Brazil. A quantitative analysis was performed, and both the reliability and validity of the scales were evaluated prior to using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that the direct effects among BPO, analytical indicators and performance can be taken as statistically significant. The findings also demonstrate that BPO and analytical indicators can be taken as predictors of performance. The paper discusses these results and their managerial implications, as well as some research paths for future studies on the topic. 相似文献
16.
整合制造业服务化与商业模式创新两个领域的前沿理论,基于资源基础观,采用我国两家装备制造企业的双案例研究,揭示制造企业服务化的商业模式创新机理。研究结论表明：第一,制造服务化的外在表现是企业价值主张、业务流程、盈利模式与外部关系的重构,而内在动力是企业关键资源与能力的重新整合。第二,为实现服务化,企业内资源可以打破重组,以商业模式各要素为属性进行资源整合;制造企业原有的关键资源与能力是企业赖以转型的必要基础。第三,制造服务化是一个长期的过程,对于不同服务化程度的企业,资源整合的重点及方式也应有所不同。 相似文献
17.
Rebecca Liu 《普罗米修斯》2013,31(2):91-105
This study explores competitors’ engagement in innovation communities. Some view working with competitors as a risky endeavour, some see it as potentially beneficial and others take it as something in-between. We address this issue by posing two questions: (1) why do rival firms cooperate, compete or ‘coopete’ (a syncretic approach); and (2) how do rival firms engage in these activities? To achieve this, we first review the relevant literature to construct conceptual arguments, and then investigate three innovation communities in the UK. The findings concern the importance of common and conflicting interests as fundamental drivers of a firm’s cooperative and competitive stance in an innovation community. While a ‘win–win’ strategy has been over-emphasised, data reveal that the fear of ‘lose–lose’ is vital to drive firm cooperation. Finally, our study suggests that rival relationships link to a strategic incentive alignment between common and conflicting interests; that is, rivals cooperate when common interests are higher, and compete on other occasions. Data seem to suggest that in a conflicting situation firms often maximise their private benefits at the expense of common interests. Data also suggest that this alignment varies in different innovation stages and in both an inter-organisational and an intra-organisational setting. This paper contributes to the existing work on the competitive/relational strategy of firms in the innovation space. 相似文献
18.
从"组织关注"理论视角出发,分析探索技术客户导向、组织文化及企业绩效间的关系,揭示转型经济环境下的企业是否能够同时追求两种战略导向,以及构建什么样的文化机制可以促进两种战略导向对绩效改善的影响作用。运用中国209家制造企业数据实证检验了战略导向、组织文化以及企业绩效间的关系作用。实证结果表明,单一的技术导向或客户导向能够促进企业绩效提升;同时追求技术客户导向不利于企业绩效的提升,但是组织文化可以作为一种管理机制有效改善技术客户导向对绩效提升的不利影响。 相似文献
19.
The increasing number of interactions between Taiwan and the Mainland may bring in both opportunities and competitions among the companies in the region. Companies are forced to continuously change and develop to advance and to sustain in the competitive environment. It also holds true for the companies in the even more competitive high-tech industries. It is therefore of a value to study what challenges the high-tech firms are facing, how these challenges impact on their performance and how these firms are dealing with issues. Among the multiple challenges, supply chain operation has been a critical issue concerning the high-tech manufacturers.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the various supply chain operation determinants (relationships with business partners, internal operation) and the impacts of relationships with supply chain partners on the internal operation and the collective efficacy relating to the scheduling issues in high-tech manufacturing firms in Taiwan. A research framework linking internal operation and relationships with supply chain partners (supplier and customer) and individuals (perceived collective efficacy) is applied. 相似文献
20.
我国制药企业技术创新的战略网络研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
战略网络理论认为企业之间错综复杂的相互合作竞争关系所组成的网络对于企业的行为和绩效有着重要影响。基于我国制药企业技术创新的现状,将技术创新与战略网络联系起来,对企业技术创新的战略网络进行分析,并提出制药企业要建立本企业的战略网络,根据自身情况以适当形式加强与网络各成员的紧密合作,充分利用网络资源进行技术创新,以促进企业技术创新能力的提高。 相似文献