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1.
《International Journal of Educational Development》1994,14(1):43-49
This study aims to compare the INSET needs of non-specialist teachers as perceived by these teachers, with the views of their INSET providers. The case of the non-specialist physics teacher in Swaziland is used as an example. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect perceptions of the problems of teaching various physics topics and skills, and of handling different pieces of physics equipment. The results show that the ranking of INSET needs are broadly similar for both providers and teachers. Important ranking differences relate to INSET support with teaching dynamics and circuit electricity. In addition, providers and teachers express diverging views on the type of INSET needs with using some demonstration equipment and with teaching a number of manipulative skills. The differences are attributed to varying specialist training, professional development, or personal goals for science education. Strategies are recommended to converge the perceptions of the INSET needs. 相似文献
2.
Researchers have reported persuasive evidence that students?? perceptions of their classroom learning environment account for significant variance in cognitive and affective outcomes (e.g. intrinsic motivation, self-concept, liking for particular subjects and students?? intention to drop out). The study reported in this paper investigated the relationship between students?? perceptions of classroom learning environment and motivational achievement goal orientations towards biology and physics, as well as the influence of gender. Participants (N?=?1538) were high school science students from the north-eastern region of Thailand. Our results suggest that motivational goals are linked to differences in students?? perceptions of learning environment and levels of biology and physics classroom anxiety. We found that females adopted significantly higher levels of mastery and performance approach goals towards biology, while males adopted significantly higher levels of mastery and performance approach goals towards physics. Males adopted significantly higher levels of performance avoidance goals towards both biology and physics. Positive associations emerged between gender and the adoption of specific performance goals, perceived degree of competition in biology and physics classrooms, and levels of biology and physics classroom anxiety. These results suggest that motivational goal orientations and perceptions of learning environment are gender-dependent and domain-specific for the two science content areas. 相似文献
3.
刘俊纯 《湖南第一师范学报》2006,6(3):47-49
中学物理新课程对教育的培养目标作出了新的诠释,即对学生进行全面素质培养和注重其能力发展,培养创新精神,充分弘扬人的主体性。基于这些理解,针对物理学科特点,物理学科的考试内容应具备灵活性和综合性,采用灵活多样的形式和不拘一格的开放题型,评价标准应鼓励勤动脑、敢创新的答案,以发挥正面的激励作用。 相似文献
4.
田维钊 《遵义师范学院学报》2007,9(6):75-77
力学课堂教学方法的改革是力学教学改革的关键。在力学课堂教学的过程中,引入新课时让学生明确教学目标、讲授新课时对教学目标进行分解并逐个突破、分析讲解时突出解决问题的思路并强调学生的积极参与、归纳总结时突出对学生逻辑思维能力和综合思考能力的培养、课后练习时强调解题过程和学生的独立思考,将有利于提高课堂教学效果。 相似文献
5.
Helena Johansson 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2016,14(6):1133-1152
This paper focuses on one aspect of mathematical competence, namely mathematical reasoning, and how this competency influences students’ knowing of physics. This influence was studied by analysing the mathematical reasoning requirements upper secondary students meet when solving tasks in national physics tests. National tests are constructed to mirror the goals stated in the curricula, and these goals are similar across national borders. The framework used for characterising the mathematical reasoning required to solve the tasks in the national physics tests distinguishes between imitative and creative mathematical reasoning. The analysis process consisted of structured comparisons between representative student solutions and the students’ educational history. Of the 209 analysed tasks, 3/4 required mathematical reasoning in order to be solved. Creative mathematical reasoning, which, in particular, involves reasoning based on intrinsic properties, was required for 1/3 of the tasks. The results in this paper give strong evidence that creative mathematical reasoning is required to achieve higher grades on the tests. It is also confirmed that mathematical reasoning is an important and integral part of the physics curricula; and, it is suggested that the ability to use creative mathematical reasoning is necessary to fully master the curricula. 相似文献
6.
Rooted in achievement goal theory, the buffering hypothesis posits that contextual factors serve to moderate the deleterious effects of personal achievement goals on relevant outcomes. The present study sought to test this hypothesis by examining the interactive effects of classroom affiliation perceptions and personal achievement goals for conducting research on participants’ goal strivings within physics, biology and chemistry laboratory classes. Participants consisted of 185 undergraduate students voluntarily engaged in faculty-led research. Results indicated that affiliation strengthened the positive association between research mastery goals and class-based mastery approach goals. In contrast, perceptions of affiliation in the laboratory environment weakened the relationship between research mastery goals and performance approach goals. The importance of academic climates as facilitators of goal striving in classrooms designed to cultivate research skill development is discussed. 相似文献
7.
In the framework of teaching the natural sciences, ``laboratory' is a general name for activities based on observations, tests, and experiments done by students. It is hard to imagine learning to do science, or learning about science, without doing laboratory or fieldwork. In this paper, a historical overview of the place, purposes, and goals of the laboratory in physics teaching is presented, together with perspectives for its future related to the most recent results of research in physics education, mainly those concerning the constructivist and social constructivist learning approaches. Based on these approaches we try to validate the belief that microcomputer-based laboratories (MBLs) are one of the most promising perspectives in physics laboratory teaching, based on both theoretical and empirical grounds. 相似文献
8.
Curil Quinlan 《Research in Science Education》1981,11(1):78-86
Conclusions Of all the aspects of classroom environment studied in this research, attention to the social relevance of physics had one
of the strongest associations, in a positive sense, with each of the student outcomes.
The research showed that positive student outcomes tended to be closely associated with low levels of frustration.
Integration of experimental and theoretical aspects of physics tended to be accompanied by positive student outcomes. The
integration could well go beyond using experiments merely to illustrate and/or verify principles and theories previously taught.
At least in some topics, student understanding of physics could well follow upon and be the outcome of experiences gained
during practical work, and some problem-solving by experiments could be given.
Despite some inveitable tensions, teachers who favoured student autonomy were generally satisfied with their physics teaching.
Moreover, their students reported more growth in personal development areas such as a sense of responsibility than did students
who did not experience much autonomy. The multi-media characteristics of Project Physics makes it a particularly suitable
approach for including student autonomy.
The results indicated that academic achievement is not likely to suffer when attention is given to encouraging student initiative,
sense of responsibility, improved study methods and persistence at a task. Such goals are long-term goals and working towards
them tends to be accompanied by greater interest in and enjoyment of physics. 相似文献
9.
Allison Gonsalves 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2014,9(2):461-467
In her article, Karin Due presents us with a contradiction in physics: the construction of physics as a symbolically masculine discipline alongside a simultaneous discourse of the “gender-neutrality” of the discipline. Due’s article makes an important contribution to the study of the gendering of physics practices, particularly in group dynamics, and how this serves to simultaneously reinforce the two competing discourses of physics as a masculine discipline, and the discourse of physics as a gender neutral discipline. Due also suggests that an implication of this contradiction is a limited number of available positions for girls in physics compared to those available to boys. I wish to take up this observation and discuss how available positions for boys and girls in physics are related quite closely to two other concepts discussed in Due’s article: competence and recognition. 相似文献
10.
A structural equation model of conceptual change in physics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A model of conceptual change in physics was tested on introductory‐level, college physics students. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships among variables linked to conceptual change in physics including an approach goal orientation, need for cognition, motivation, and course grade. Conceptual change in physics was determined using gains from pre‐ to post‐administration of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). Results indicated that need for cognition and approach goals had a significant influence on motivation. Motivation influenced change scores on the FCI both directly, and indirectly, through course grade. Finally, course grade directly influenced conceptual change. The implications of these findings for future research and developing students' conceptual change in physics are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 901–918, 2011 相似文献
11.
Drawing on a study that explores university students’ experiences of doing laboratory work in physics, this article outlines a proposed conceptual framework for extending the exploration of the gendered experience of learning. In this framework situated cognition and post‐structural gender theory are merged together. By drawing on data that aim at exploring the gendered experience of learning in physics in the laboratory setting, a case is made for the proposed conceptual framework to facilitate an analysis of gender as an active process that relates the dynamics of this process to the emerging physicist identities of the students. In other words, this framework allows for an analysis of the gendered learning experiences in a context such as physics education that goes well beyond the usual ‘women‐friendly’ teaching approaches. 相似文献
12.
本文主要讨论数学物理方法在教学过程中所采取的改革实践。说明了在课程改革过程中针对不同的专业对课程内容和课程结构进行处理时应处理的几个关系,对达到培养目标,提高教学质量具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
Ramnarain Umesh Dewnarain Ramaila Sam 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,14(1):81-105
This study investigated the achievement goals orientation of first year physics students at a South African university. The mixed methods design involved a quantitative survey of 291 students using an achievement goals questionnaire and individual interviews of selected participants. Results showed that the students perceived they have a stronger mastery goals orientation than performance goals and performance avoidance goals orientations. Multiple regression analysis in testing the mastery goals model indicated that the participants’ perceptions of teacher and peer goal emphases made the largest unique contribution to their orientation. It is suggested that at the tertiary level such an orientation should be promoted through learning experiences such as inquiry-based learning, which has been associated with this orientation.
相似文献14.
熊海燕 《中国科教创新导刊》2010,(22):59-59
物理是一门以实验为基础的自然科学,实验在物理教学中具有不可替代的强大教育功能。生动的物理实验不仅可以有效激发学生学习物理的兴趣和好奇心,提高他们的实践能力、分析能力、科学探究能力,更重要的是可以培养他们严谨、实事求是的科学情感与态度。职业学校强调培养目标要＂以能力为本位、以就业为导向＂,这也要求物理教学要加强实验教学来提高教学效果和开发学生创造能力。笔者从学生动手实验这一课堂教学环节来谈谈自己对职业学校物理实验教学的一些见解。 相似文献
15.
Konstantinos Alexakos Jayson K. Jones Victor H. Rodriguez 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(4):847-870
In this hermeneutic study we explore how fictive kinship (kin-like close personal friendship) amongst high school students
of color mediated their resiliency, perseverance, and success in a college physics class. These freely chosen, processual
friendships were based on emotional and material support, motivation, and caring for each other, as well as trust, common
interests, and goals. Such close bonds contributed in creating a safe and supportive emotional space and allowed for friendly,
cooperative competition within the physics classroom. Friends became the role models, source of support, and motivation for
the fictive kinship group as well as for each other, as the group became the role model, source of support, and motivation
for the individuals in it. Because of their friendships with one another, physics talk was extended and made part of their
personal interactions outside the classroom. These social relationships and safe spaces helped the students cope and persevere
despite their initial conflicting expectations of their success in physics. Our research thus expands on the concept of social
learning by exploring student friendships and how they frame and mediate such a process. 相似文献
16.
AbstractThe “Naturphilosophie” of German romanticism was a rather short-lived phenomenon. It flourished between 1800 and 1820 and later on became an outsider's position. This period was too short to establish any significant influence in schools. Only a very few textbooks presenting physics theories based on “Naturphilosophie” exist. But the attitude to nature and to scientific research that was typical for Romanticism remained a topic of didactical discussion even when “Naturphilosophie” itself had become obsolete. The central aspects of this attitude are characterized and their expres-sions in the teaching of physics are discussed. lt is shown how this attitude without the background of “Naturphilosophie” lost its central position in the relation of man and nature and became marginal within the spectrum of pedagogical goals even for its supporters. 相似文献
17.
Matter and Interactions (M&I) has recently been adopted as a novel introductory physics course that focuses on the application
of a small number of fundamental physical principles to the atomic and molecular nature of matter. This study investigated
how five physics teaching assistants (TAs) developed professional knowledge for teaching from their teaching experiences.
Specifically, we explored what experiences influenced their knowledge development for teaching the innovative introductory
physics course, M&I. Through a qualitative, multiple case study research design, data was collected from multiple sources:
non-participant observations, digitally recorded video, semistructured interviews, TAs’ written reflections, and researchers’
field notes. As TA’s progressed through the semester, two experiences emerged as having a significant role in their development
of knowledge for teaching M&I: (1) setting teaching, learning, and curriculum goals for their classes; and (2) encountering
dilemmas of teaching and learning. The results of this study will contribute to future preparation of the innovative introductory
physics course as well as other college level science courses. 相似文献
18.
Terhi M?ntyl? 《Research in Science Education》2012,42(4):791-812
In physics teacher education, two central goals are first to learn the structures of physics knowledge, and second the processes of its construction. To know the structure is to know the framework of concepts and laws; to know the processes is to know where the knowledge comes from, how the framework is constructed, and how it can be justified. This article introduces a way to approach these goals in the form of a graphical tool called the didactical reconstruction of processes (DRP), where knowledge is constructed to the extent that experiments and models have an equally important role in the construction process. In practice, the DRP is a graphical network representation or a ??flow chart?? with a specific structure, which aims to give an image of the processes of physical concept formation, while at the same time bearing in mind the educational goals. The DRP was tested in an instruction unit for pre-service physics teachers, where students drew flow charts for representing how the law of electromagnetic induction is formed. In addition to flow charts, students also wrote essays clarifying the content of the flow charts. The flow charts and essays were analysed through a qualitative categorisation of structural and knowledge claim patterns. The results show that the DRP helps students in arguing how to form the electromagnetic induction law and that the experiments and models have a distinct role in supporting students?? knowledge claims. 相似文献
19.
何冰 《江西教育学院学报》2011,32(6):32-34
教学设备配置先进及高效地利用,是初中物理课堂教学和教研活动顺利进行,提高学生的学习兴趣和学习积极性,提高整体教学水平和教学质量的基本保证。陈旧、性能老化、与新课程标准不同步的教学仪器,使物理实验无法开展,教学效果差。把先进的教学设备与其他教学资源整合利用,不仅能完成课程要求的演示实验、探究性实验,还能增加了一些与物理教学有关的课外小实验,使课堂教学丰富多彩、生动有趣,师生互动积极活跃,学生课后回味无穷,并可取得可喜的物理教学成果。 相似文献
20.
刘永录 《高等教育研究学报》2011,34(Z1):40-42
通过分析理论物理课程(主要是四大力学)的特点,探讨了理论物理教学中的一些思路和方法。本科阶段理论物理教学的目的主要是,在帮助学生掌握课程基本内容的基础上,重点是使其把握课程的基本思想和基本技能,着重培养学生的自学能力,从而为下一阶段的学习打下较为坚实的基础。因此在理论物理教学中,要注重培养学生的抽象思维能力和逻辑推导能力。该论文强调在对物理本质进行把握和理解的过程中使用抽象思维的形式,并通过训练能够熟练的提取所关心物理力学体系的动力学信息。 相似文献