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基于两大因素,全球巨大的创业机会空间已经开启,历史性的创业浪潮正在形成。一是从移动互联网开始,互联网融入实体世界,对各行各业带来深度变革;二是中国的巨大市场规模及其快速增长态势,正在带来中国市场定义产品的时代,进而带动新能源、节能环保、自动化和机器人、高端装备制造等产业的加速发展。由于创业门槛的空前降低,以及互联网变革的颠覆性,当前创业浪潮具有大众创业和普遍创业的特点。在此背景下,我国的创业机会空间尤为巨大,创业生态系统也在快速改善,因此既有必要也有可能实施"创业中国"的战略工程,以建设创业要素密集、创业主体繁荣、创业平台高效、创业服务完善和创业文化浓郁的中国特色创业生态系统,形成推进创新驱动战略的有效抓手,打造具有全球引领性的"创业中国"品牌工程。 相似文献
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为促进我国船舶工业在绿色创新方面良性发展,从绿色船舶市场拉动、绿色船舶技术进步以及政府管制三方面解释影响我国船舶工业绿色创新系统演化的驱动因素;运用哈肯模型,对2008—2015年我国船舶工业绿色创新系统演化的关键因素进行实证研究,进而分析该系统的演化机制。研究结果表明,我国船舶工业绿色创新系统演化的关键因素由2008—2011年的绿色船舶市场拉动转变为2012—2015年的绿色船舶技术进步,船舶工业绿色创新系统进入演化的新阶段。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(4):104474
This paper investigates the micro-foundations of value appropriation involving startups and examines the relationship between founder social capital and value obtained by startups in R&D alliance agreements. We build on the bargaining framework for surplus division and propose that founder social capital facilitates a more expansive pool of partnering opportunities and thereby bestows bargaining advantages to a startup, leading it to obtain more value in an R&D alliance deal. More importantly, we develop a novel hypothesis about the complementarity between founder social capital and a startup's technological capabilities to suggest that the bargaining impact of founders’ social capital becomes more pronounced when a startup is also endowed with superior technological capabilities. Furthermore, we suggest that founder social capital can be particularly valuable for startups to secure outside opportunities when there is weak institutional financial support available. Empirical analyses of R&D alliance agreements in the biotechnology industry furnish evidence for our theory. 相似文献
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随着全球创新网络及知识经济迅速发展,研发产业作为一种战略性新型产业,对于产业结构升级转型具有重要作用.研发产业集聚及产业空间布局演进过程具有其特殊性的内在机理和外在作用机制,对于区域经济发展及地理空间的演变发挥着重要作用,其演化路径及作用机理分析对于深化研发产业性质特征、演化动力、空间集散形态及产业融合具有重要意义,其空间集聚分析对于丰富空间经济学及新经济地理学内涵与外延的研究具有一定的推动意义和现实参鉴价值.从文献回顾、研发产业的空间形态及表现、研发产业集聚的动力因素、研发产业集聚对于区域空间重构的演化路径及作用机理分析等方面阐述研发集聚重构区域空间内容,结合欧美日等发达国家的研发产业集聚案例及实证分析系统说明研发集聚的技术创新能力及空间辐射影响力.最后通过研发产业集聚对于区域空间重构的演化路径和研发产业集聚导致区域地理实体空间结构的变化及区域指向的变更、研发产业集散的时空过程导致产业资源的整合和空间重组、研发产业集聚加速区域创新能力提升及研发联盟的空间响应机制、研发产业集聚导致的集聚经济和外部经济加速空间溢出效应形成等4个方面,系统分析研发产业集聚对于区域空间重构的作用机理. 相似文献
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探寻新创企业专利对风险投资决策的影响机制,即专利能否成为风险投资机构评估新创企业价值的有效信号体系。运用创业板中427家企业的数据,检验新创企业专利与风险投资估值的关联度。实证研究结果证明,新创企业的专利对企业吸引风险投资时的价值评估具有提升效应,且上述提升效应在早期投资轮和实力强大的风险投资机构中表现得更为明显,但与创业者的创业经验之间无显著相关。研究为引导风险投资机构更有效的利用专利信号机制、优化其投资决策,促进风险投资行业的有效发展,为我国新一轮的创业热潮提供有效支撑。 相似文献
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This paper investigates how evolutions of complex technologies and networks of innovators affect the development of emerging innovations. Building upon the theories of technological evolution and socio-organizational dynamics, we develop propositions to examine the stability and change of networks punctuated by successive technological changes. We argue that incumbents who are early advocates of standards in complex technological environments are more likely to survive via alliances. Based on 150 firms and 319 alliances in the US data communications industry from 1985 to 1996, we found support for our propositions and the characteristics of central-periphery structure best describe the patterns of industry networks. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104600
Innovative industries need efficient markets for technology (MFTs). One determinant of MFT efficiency neglected until now is licensing level—that is, the level in the value chain where patents are licensed. Patents may be licensed upstream, to firms that put the patented knowledge into practice. I refer to this as integrated licensing. Alternatively, patents may be licensed further downstream in the value chain, in particular to makers of final devices. I call this bifurcated licensing since it separates intellectual property rights from the technical knowledge they cover. I study the licensing level of essential patents on communication standards such as LTE and Wi-Fi in relation to the Internet of Things (IoT). The choice of licensing level in this context is currently a hotly debated topic. To show how bifurcated licensing affects MFT efficiency, I present empirical evidence from a qualitative study comprising interviews with 30 individuals from 22 diverse firms, focusing on startups. IoT device makers clearly find the uncertainty regarding infringement, patent validity, and the licensing process hinders efficient licensing, which is compounded by the large number of IoT device makers and, for SMEs and startups, by resource constraints. As a theory contribution, I show that a patent's licensing level need not correspond with the implementation level of the patented knowledge—in other words, licensing may be bifurcated rather than integrated. I develop a model of how licensing level affects MFT efficiency. Implications for practice are that device-level licensing of standard-essential patents (SEPs), if broadly implemented, would have a negative effect on innovation and entrepreneurship in the IoT. Policymakers should ensure that SEP licensing is simplified. 相似文献
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以1980至2020年发表的相关文献为基础,对学术创业的研究内容进行梳理,内容如下：（1）总结了已有研究中常用的学术创业概念和分类;（2）围绕学术创业主体,重点阐述了个体层面学术创业活动的研究成果;（3）对学术创业领域常用的理论及其适用问题进行了诠释;（4）从社会经济和基础科学两个方面介绍了学术创业的影响;（5）提出学术创业的研究展望,即关注数智经济阶段学术创业类型的变化、拓展学术创业研究的理论视角、扩充学术创业的研究主题以及在进一步完善国内学术创业研究体系的同时,深化中国制度背景下学术创业问题的探索,如儒家文化环境中的学术创业动机,不同地区/省份的学术创业差异等。通过对已有研究的梳理,为中国学术创业的研究和发展提供了参考。 相似文献
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Annamaria Conti Nishant Dass Francesco Di Lorenzo Stuart J.H. Graham 《Research Policy》2019,48(3):799-812
This paper employs the 2008 financial crisis as an empirical setting to examine how investment strategies of venture capitalists (VCs) vary in the presence of a liquidity supply shock, and what the performance implications of these strategies are for their portfolio startups. We show that while, on aggregate, funded startups receive no less financing during the financial crisis than in non-crisis times, VCs allocate relatively more resources to startups operating in the VCs’ core sectors. We show that this skew allocation follows from VCs choosing to double down on their core-sector investing, rather than by a changed mix of investors or startups during the financial crisis. These effects are strongest for early-stage startups, for which information problems are most severe. Furthermore, these results are driven by the investment strategies of more-experienced VCs. Building on these findings, we find superior ex post performance among crisis-funded portfolio startups operating in more-experienced VCs’ core sectors. 相似文献
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The business process outsourcing industry has got disrupted, first by the significant shift in value creation activities from the clients to the service providers, and second by pervasive digital penetration, resulting in the emergence of Digital Transformational Outsourcing (DTO). Service providers now play a more significant role, making their capabilities important. In the new context, service providers require a uniquely different set of dynamic capabilities to handle end-to-end business functions on behalf of their clients while delivering digital value propositions.We study 26 of the largest global business process outsourcing providers to conceptualise and identify six dynamic capabilities of service providers salient in the new context, i.e., consultative, orchestration, insights, network management, knowledge access, and standardisation. Interviews conducted with industry experts provided evidence in support of the identified dynamic capabilities. A novel firm capability dataset was created using secondary data, and using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), we identify configurations for high and low performance and find them to vary by the firm's broad/narrow scope. 相似文献
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嵌入式创新是科技型创业企业和平台企业实现双方优势互补的新型合作范式。大量的实践表明:嵌入式创新有助于科技型创业企业将科技转化为生产力,同时平台企业也可以借助科技型创业企业的创新能力占据优势,进而达成双方共赢的互利互惠发展模式。本研究在阐述嵌入式创新范式的产生背景和路径的基础上,结合具体的案例,着重从知识嵌入、资源嵌入、跨组织嵌入、技术嵌入四个不同视域探索嵌入式创新范式的基本内涵与实践路径。基于此,进一步从价值的统一性、资源的归属性以及主从关系的确定性等解析嵌入式创新在实施过程中面临的现实挑战。最后,指出嵌入式创新范式未来研究的变革趋势。 相似文献
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研究我国生物医药产业创新集群演化动力机制,为促进我国生物医药产业创新能力提升提供决策依据。运用复杂适应系统理论模型,分析生物医药创新集群的聚集、非线性、流、多样性特征与标识机制、内部模型机制和积木机制。在此基础上建立生物医药创新集群演化机制的回声模型,运用不完全信息下的重复静态博弈分析主体互动作用,并运用涌现模型分析系统涌现机制。生物医药产业创新集群是复杂适应系统,具备其所有特征;创新集群主体通过流空间网络实现交互学习并适应性调整自身行为;通过交互学习,创新集群主体产生了与其他主体合作创新的可能性,但是否真正实现合作创新取决于主体间竞争合作博弈的结果;涌现推动生物医药产业创新集群演化发展。涌现包括知识涌现和创新网络的涌现,通过涌现创新集群产生新的更优的系统功能和结构,可实现生物医药产业创新集群的可持续发展。 相似文献
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如何在资源约束条件下实现初创企业的产品创新一直是学界和商界关注的焦点。本文首先介绍了创业决策逻辑理论中的目标导向和手段导向的特征,通过案例分析分别探讨了锤子和小米两个初创企业产品创新流程决策,并以理论模型对比了两种决策理论在实践中的适用性和局限性。研究结果表明,锤子手机的研发过程体现了目标导向的特征,而小米手机的研发过程体现了手段导向的特征。本研究认为,创业更多是介于精密计划和非系统性试错之间,目标导向和手段导向逻辑的适用性取决于不确定情境下创业者战略决策的权变性,权变性影响了企业资源的整合和创业机会的识别;初创企业在发展早期比较适合采取目标导向逻辑进行决策,通过提高资源整合效率,能加快创业机会的识别,而手段导向的作用更多体现在产品创新后期,随着产品的约束性条件不断演化,创业者通过保持资源整合的柔性来持续识别新的创业机会,产品创新是外界环境各种约束性条件不断迭代而成的结果。 相似文献
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Despite significant business opportunities made possible through advancements in technology, readily available digital technologies are often overlooked and not used by new ventures. To address this knowledge gap, this paper looks at the relationships between readily available digital technologies and born-digital new venture capabilities. We use an affordance lens to explore conditions in which born-digital new ventures interact with digital technologies to actualize digital affordances that facilitate the development of important capabilities. First, using the existing literature, we present a research model and its key elements. Then, using data on new ventures in a Canadian university incubator, we conduct fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and develop seven configurational research propositions as pathways to develop information technology-enabled organizational capabilities in new ventures. Using this retroductive approach, this research builds a context-specific middle-range theory that explains complex interactions between readily available digital technologies and new venture characteristics, where resources are provided by incubators in dynamic environments, to facilitate the development of ITOCs in the new ventures. We close by describing the study’s theoretical and practical implications. 相似文献
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学术创业企业的成长伴随着从科研网络向产业网络的跨越,为了解析其成长机理,本文以中美两国共14个学术创业案例为依据,从“社会网络—合法性”视角分析企业网络的动态演化,并着重探讨了各阶段合法性约束的种类、身份转化劣势的作用机制以及合法性策略选择的情境条件。研究发现：（1）学术创业者在创业者存在身份转换劣势,并给企业带来合法性约束。（2）根据网络边界跨越方式的不同,创业者建立合法性的策略可分为直驱型策略和迂回型策略。（3）合法性策略的选择受到企业所在网络的多样性和自身技术新颖性的影响。基于学术创业的特殊情境,论文提出身份转换劣势的概念,并为企业成长理论和合法性理论做出贡献。 相似文献
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《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2001,12(2):205-226
In many high technology industries, strategic alliances have become important for improving a firm's financial performance by providing knowledge that can be used to develop the capabilities needed to introduce new products. Therefore, researchers have examined those characteristics of alliances that can contribute to the performance of high technology companies. There is agreement that the structure and knowledge flows within alliances can affect a firm's innovativeness. However, to date, researchers have studied alliances as individual events or transactions, failing to recognize their synergistic effects as a coherent portfolio. Viewing alliances as a portfolio of strategic agreements, we suggest that portfolio characteristics will be associated with a high technology firm's innovative and financial performance. Also, we suggest that portfolio characteristics will influence absorptive capacity. We test these propositions using a sample of 2456 alliances formed by 143 biopharmaceutical firms. The results indicate that alliance portfolio characteristics and absorptive capacity jointly influence performance. The implications of these findings for high technology firms are discussed. 相似文献