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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):226-232
AbstractCarbonyl compounds are of concern in museums because of their potential to damage artifacts. The mode of damage for aldehydes is far from clear and seems to require oxidation. Lead coupons were exposed to gaseous formaldehyde (methanal) and formic acid (methanoic acid) in various humid oxidizing atmospheres. The resulting corrosion products were weighed and identified using X-ray diffraction analysis after as much as 56 days exposure. When fomaldehyde was in more oxidizing environments (atmospheres containing hydrogen peroxide) it caused heavy corrosion but in the dark, with no oxidant, there was only very slight tarnish, even at high humidities. This suggests that oxidation is an important control on corrosion by formaldehyde. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that at low formic acid concentrations (below about 1 ppb) the corrosion products should be carbonates (plumbonacrite and hydrocerussite) while at higher concentrations lead formate would be expected. The mineralogical complexity and the importance of oxidants make it very difficult to set standards for formaldehyde in the museum environment. 相似文献
2.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):137-138
AbstractAncient bronzes in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum are maintained in low-humidity environments to eliminate the possibility of recurring chloride corrosion. A small, low-power, solid-state air drier was considered as an option to silica gel. This relatively new technology combines electrolytic dissociation of water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen with membrane separation. Hydrogen atoms formed on the anodic side penetrate the membrane and combine with oxygen on the cathodic side to form water. Oxygen atoms that remain on the anodic side recombine to form oxygen molecules. The process of water removal was found to be very efficient, but it is suggested that a portion of the oxygen atoms might react further to form ozone, a reactive molecule generally regarded as a deleterious pollutant in museum atmospheres. This was confirmed by passive sampling for ozone using diffusion tubes. While control levels after 60 days ranged from 0.43 to 1.25 parts per billion (ppb), samplers in the test environment recorded a level of 10.5 ppb, an increase of approximately 10 to 25 times. Developments in solid-state driers may overcome this problem in the future. 相似文献
3.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):89-101
AbstractThe application of a ‘feature card’ (or optical coincidence) system of information-retrieval to the field of museum conservation and scientific examination is described in detail. The advantages of the system are briefly discussed and its possible extension to the field of museum registration in general is suggested. 相似文献
4.
David Bearman 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1990,4(2):16-19
Summary
QUIXIS is the dominant museum collections management package, and it has many features that justify this positin, including the
wealth of data that can be recorded in it and the reports that have been designed for it, but the software itself is unimpressive,
and Willoughby has not done enough to make it easy to use. Very large institutions will be comforted to seeQUIXIS installed in similar settings, and will be willing to dedicate a mini-computer to the collections management task alone,
but mid-size institutions are likely to find this strategy less acceptable. In sum,QUIXIS is a work horse that will prove capable and reliable, if plodding. 相似文献
5.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):201-210
AbstractThirty artists' colors have been exposed for 12weeks to 120ppb of formaldehyde in purified air as well as to purified air alone (control experiment). The exposure was carried out in the dark at ambient temperature (19 ± 2°C) and humidity (RH 44–52%). Color change (?E) was measured using a reflectance color analyzer after one, two, three, four, six, eight, 11 and 12 weeks of exposure. Color parameters (x, y, X, Y, Z, L*, a*, b* and ?E)"were also calculated from the 380–700nm spectra, recorded with a reflectance spectrophotometer, of unexposed colorants and of colorants exposed for 12 weeks to purified air and to formaldehyde. Regression analysis of the two data sets indicated that the color changes measured by these two methods were in excellent agreement (nearunity slopes, with correlation coefficients > 0.99). Exposure to either formaldehyde or pure air on watercolor paper resulted in little or no color change for all the colorants tested, including inorganic colorants, alizarin lakes, quinacridones, triphenyl methanes, indigo derivatives, arylamides and natural colorants such as curcumin. Formaldehyde, which is ubiquitous in indoor air, including museum air, does not appear to be a major threat to colorants in museum collections. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACTThe 2008 Wenchuan earthquake brought numerous issues to the attention of researchers of seismic mitigation in Chinese museums. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the structural design team of Chengdu Museum conducted a series of research projects on seismic mitigation and subway vibration control design of buildings. These projects included the following topics: optimization of design, numerical simulation of seismic performance, analysis of key technologies for the base isolation structure, in-depth studies on structural vibrations caused by the nearby subway, and proposals for reducing structural vibrations. In 2015, after the superstructure of Chengdu Museum was completed, conservators evaluated the safety of permanent exhibitions under earthquake conditions. Seismic protection devices were installed on the showcases according to the preventive conservation requirements for museum collections. Reinforced measures were used for museum collections according to the methods suggested in the document ‘Specification for seismic protection of museum collection’ (WW/T 0069-2015). The conservators also built a systematic platform for earthquake monitoring for museum collections. Preventive conservation studies on seismic protection and subway vibration control in Chengdu Museum are summarized and forecasted. 相似文献
7.
《Slavic & East European Information Resources》2013,14(2-3):29-48
SUMMARY This article describes the holdings of the museum, libraries, and archives of Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary in Jordanville, NY, as well as the archives of the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in New York City. 相似文献
8.
AbstractThe chemical and physical properties of AgelessR oxygen absorber, a commercial oxygen scavenger, are described. The active ingredient in Ageless is finely divided iron, but the key to its use as a practical method of removing oxygen is the method of preparation, additives and packaging. Criteria for museum use are put forward and certain problems, such as heat generation and hydrogen evolution, are discussed. 相似文献
9.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):128-132
AbstractThe effect of low oxygen atmospheres on all life stages of the powderpost beetle, Lyctus brunneus (Stephens), was investigated. Artificial diet blocks infested with immature stages of Lyctus brunneus were exposed to a low oxygen atmosphere (0·4% oxygen, balance nitrogen) at 30°C and 70% RH for varying lengths of time. Mortality counts for immature stages were based on the relative number of adult beetles emerging from the treated and untreated diet blocks. One hundred percent mortality was observed for eggs, larvae and pupae exposed to low oxygen atmospheres for six, eight and 12 days, respectively. Adult beetles similarly exposed to low oxygen atmospheres all died within three days. 相似文献
10.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):191-215
AbstractFumigant effects on protein-based materials were examined and compared with those of non-chemical pest-eradicating measures. The responses to six fumigants – methyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide/ethylene oxide mixture, propylene oxide and sulfuryl fluoride – were examined with two controlled atmospheres and a range of thermal treatments, using protein electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal microscopy (Tmic), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), amino acid analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. A model soft-tissue protein, freeze-dried chicken muscle, was shown to be affected by some fumigants, especially methyl bromide, methyl iodide and sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane®). This is the first detailed evidence of chemical alterations of a protein material by fumigants under the common treatment conditions for museum use, especially showing a possibility of protein modification by purer grade sulfuryl fluoride whose definite mechanism of toxicity is still unknown. Residual bromine and iodine were clearly detected by XRF in the muscle specimen that had been fumigated with either methyl bromide or methyl iodide respectively, even after a single fumigation several years earlier. On the other hand, significant change in characteristics of animal glue and new and deteriorated silk textiles were not detected. However, residual bromine and occasionally iodine also were detected in the glue and silk samples fumigated by methyl bromide or methyl iodide several years earlier. 相似文献
11.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):134-153
AbstractA broad outline of the considerations which arise with regard to the conservation of a museum collection of tapestries is given in this paper. The various types of damage to, and deterioration of, tapestries is discussed.Various methods of washing and dry cleaning, and the equipment necessary for these procedures, are reviewed, and a caution is included as to the necessity of testing all dyes for colour fastness in both water and any solvent used for dry cleaning. The equipment, materials and techniques of repair are discussed; three methods of repair being currently used in museums and specialist workshops — re-weaving, stitching on to a backing and the use of synthetic resins for impregnation and adhesion to a woven support. It is suggested in conclusion that the optimum method of repair in museums is stitching on to a backing. More research must be undertaken into the use of synthetic resins, and re-weaving usually alters the original appearance of the tapestry.Finally, the need for specialised conservation staff in a museum with a tapestry collection is emphasised. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACTThe Natural History Museum (NHM), London was one of the first national museums to introduce a museum-wide integrated pest management (IPM) strategy that includes the concept of risk zones (Doyle, Pinniger, and Ryder 2007). This system is based on the principle of pest prevention within a museum building, which will always have a resident population of pest insects. The loss of Dichlorvos [DDVP] resulted in an urgent need to implement a museum-wide IPM programme to protect vulnerable collections both in storage areas and on display. With such a large, diverse collection in a complex series of interconnecting buildings, it became necessary to break the programme down into sections. Thus the development and implementation of the concept of risk zones: classifying areas of the museum from high risk to low risk has proved a useful and effective method to promote staff awareness and best practice as part of a comprehensive IPM programme. 相似文献
13.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):7-11
AbstractChristian sacred art is not only an artistic and aesthetic phenomenon, but can also be seen as a manifestation of the divine, the objects becoming a presence of what they represent. A substantial proportion of this kind of art remains dispersed in churches and ecclesiastic treasuries without any special provision for its care and much is still in ceremonial use, continuing to be handled and moved. Recording by inventory and transfer to museums are only recent developments. Portugal has developed various strategies for the preservation of these collections, including the creation of Diocesan Sacred Art Commissions, diocesan museum networks where small museums and museological treasuries are maintained separately but have a common technical staff, a Secure Church Programme and temporary exhibitions, which play a role in conservation, promotion and public awareness. Although not conventional conservation, these actions have helped us to keep the memory of the past alive and let us carry it into the future. 相似文献
14.
Tiziana Lombardo Marie Wörle Vera Hubert Erwin Hildbrand Christina Hinterleitner Ingo Mayer 《文物保护研究》2020,65(2):65-76
ABSTRACTPreviously, heavy use of biocides for the treatment of objects made of organic materials in museum collections (e.g. ethnographic, historical collections) was very common. Now suitable decontamination methods/technologies are being sought. A decontamination treatment by li-CO2 was optimized that considered the specific requirements of museum objects. The treatment was tested on model materials artificially contaminated with biocide solutions containing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane, and permethrin or cypermethrin. High decontamination was achieved for DDT, lindane, PCP, and permethrin on artificially biocide loaded wool and wood model materials. Optimal process parameter settings for li-CO2 decontamination include a single 30?min cycle for woolen materials and three sequential 30?min cycles each for wood. These methods allow a reduction of at least 90% of all biocides for wool and between 70% and 85% for wood. Decontamination of the latter was more effective for less polar biocides as DDT and permethrin. Despite a significant improvement in decontamination for wood using co-solvents such as acetone, ethanol, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), their use is not recommended due to the increased risk of damage to the objects, in particular if a surface coating is present. 相似文献
15.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):103-109
AbstractA prototype inspection system has been tested which makes use of electronic speckle pattern interferometry with computer image processing, for deformation and stress analysis and for the location and analysis of defects in museum objects. Two different examples have been chosen: a nineteenth-century oil painting on a wood panel and a seventeenth-century enamelled terracotta vase. The method can give quite accurate metrological information; it is also particularly promising for rapid qualitative analysis. 相似文献
16.
Abstract Writing from a science museum perspective, the authors argue that the Learning Science in Informal Environments report arrives at a critical time, when growing policy interest in informal learning environments provides new opportunities for the museum field but also introduces potential threats to autonomy, diversity, and creativity. The authors explore critical questions raised in the report, including: 1) whether and how we represent our subject matter as cultural fields of practice, as opposed to fixed collections of facts and artifacts; 2) how we ensure, at a time of increasing interest and scrutiny from policymakers, that we continue to design for a variety of learning opportunities both across and within our institutions, thus sustaining rich, robust learning for more diverse and inclusive audiences; 3) how we develop better assessment questions, methodologies, and instrumentation that can more effectively address the contributions museums make to local learning ecologies. The authors conclude that, at this juncture, it is just as important for the education research community to learn from the practices of the museum field, as it is for the museum field to learn from the research. 相似文献
17.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):249-264
AbstractThe triterpenoid resins dammar and mastic are frequently used as varnishes for paintings. Unfortunately, these varnishes degrade in the course of time. A large number of aged yellowed varnishes taken from paintings from several museum collections were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) to identify oxidized triterpenoids, which are formed during natural aging processes. Discrimination between the different types of aged varnishes was achieved by direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry (DTMS). GCMS further showed that the triterpenoid fraction strongly decreases during aging. It is likely that a higher molecular weight fraction is being formed. 相似文献
18.
David Thickett 《文物保护研究》2018,63(5):262-267
ABSTRACTThis work considers areas where our present lack of knowledge curtails the effectiveness or efficiency of preventive conservation practice. Mixed media, especially archaeological metals and organics have incompatible requirements for relative humidity (RH). An approach based on understanding the risk versus RH for both materials and considering the showcase performance is elucidated as a solution. Pollution, both the mixed atmospheres around most cultural heritage and the complex, variable nature of deposited particles, are further areas in need of more research. Damage functions and measurement of object deterioration rates are investigated as a path forward, and examples are given. 相似文献
19.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):67-71
AbstractMonitoring for insect pests in museums is conventionally carried out by using sticky ‘blunder’ traps. Trials of traps enhanced by the addition of the calling pheromone of Anthrenus sarnicus (Coleoptera; Dermestidae) are shown to increase capture rates for this species, thus rapidly identifying areas requiring appropriate counter-measures. Progress on developing comparable techniques targeted at another museum pest beetle, Attagenus smirnovi, is also reported. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACTThe preservation of artefacts in museum collections is profoundly affected by fluctuations in temperature and, especially, relative humidity (RH). Since the late nineteenth century, many studies have been carried out on the best way to control hygrothermal conditions. In old buildings located in maritime temperate climate zones (such as Portugal) with strong thermal inertia, and which have low ventilation rate (relative to the volume and number of visitors), daily and seasonal hygroscopic inertia may help to assure the maintenance of RH stabilization conditions. The use of expensive active systems may be minimized through the passive behaviour of internal finishing building materials. This work presents the results of an experimental laboratory study conducted in a flow chamber to demonstrate the enormous potential of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing interior relative humidity. Based in these results and in-situ monitoring in a museum housed in a building, located in Porto, with a typical construction of the 1950s (granite masonry and reinforced concrete slabs), a numerical analysis was done to quantify the influence of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing the interior relative humidity. 相似文献