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应用运动生物力学原理,对乒乓球运动中三种步法的足底压力进行分析,得到以下主要结论：乒乓球典型步法动作过程中双脚的足底压力主要承载区域集中在足前区,足中区受力不明显。击球发力脚足后区足底压力峰值交叉步步法最大,并步步法次之,跨步步法最小。前足中区为足前区较为稳定的主要受力区域,前足外侧区和前足内侧区所受足底压力峰值的大小与步法的动作形式有关。 相似文献
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基于足底压力的羽毛球运动足部受力特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析羽毛球常用步法的足底压力特征,为减少羽毛球运动中下肢损伤(特别是足部损伤)提供建议,并希望成为羽毛球鞋具设计的依据。利用足底压力测试系统对高水平羽毛球运动员左前场蹬跨步、右前场蹬跨步、一步蹬转起跳等常用步法动作进行测试。结果发现3种步法在离地阶段,足前区的内侧跖骨区以及大拇趾和第1、2跖骨区的最大压力均高于其他部位(P<0.05);着地阶段,蹬跨步是把足底压力集中于脚后跟和足外侧进行缓冲制动,蹬转起跳步则把压力集中于大拇趾以及第1、2跖骨区(P<0.05)。由此可见,羽毛球运动员应注意在采用不同步法时,足前区和足跟区中部及足外侧的负荷变化,并尽可能地选择穿着能够分散上述区域压力的专项鞋来避免足部受力的过度集中。 相似文献
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国内关于冰状路面行走的步态研究较少,本研究通过分析相应的步态特征,查找冰状路面与普通路面行走在足底压力分布方面的差异,探索如何减小滑倒因素以及对防滑鞋的选择和设计,为冰状路面行走的步态分析研究提供科学依据。运用生物力学研究方法和统计方法,对15名男性健康青年在冬季户外冰状路面无保护状态下的行走和普通路面的行走进行对比分析,对双脚支撑期进行了研究。结果表明,冰状路面行走时双脚支撑时相和支撑时相较长,支撑的距离、复步长及足底压力中心纵轴最大距离较短,足跟着地时与地面夹角较小、踝关节角度较大、髋关节角度较小,足尖离地时与地面夹角较小、膝关节角度较大,足底足前区和足后区最大压力较小、离地腿足前区冲量较大、2个足区的压力变化率绝对值较小。应加强身体在矢状面的控制,在足尖离地瞬间,同侧躯干适当前倾,使人体重心投影处于支撑面内,增强行走的稳定性;加强着地腿的髋关节和踝关节的肌肉以及离地腿膝关节的肌肉的锻炼;选择和设计防滑鞋时要相应增大足跟部和足前部的鞋底面积,纹路相应加深,选用的材料相应较软且能吸收一定水分,此外,足跟部于足前部相比略有不同,足跟部的面积较大、纹路较浅及材料较硬。 相似文献
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目的：探讨儿童正常足与扁平足的足底压力差异,为运动矫治提供参考。方法：对13—14岁在较小学生进行足印测量,根据足印足弓空白区宽度将被检者分为正常足、轻度扁平足和重度扁平足,采用足底压力分布测试系统对三组被检者足底压力进行测量。结果：轻度和重度扁平足儿童足掌和足后最的接触面积均小于正常足儿童,P〈0．05;而足弓区接触面积辊度和重度扁平足儿童均大于正常足儿童,P〈0．05。轻度和重度扁平足儿童前掌和足弓所受冲量均大于正常足儿童,而后跟所受冲量则小正常足儿童,P〈0．05。结论：扁平足在着地时压力中心更为密集,其足弓和足掌所受的冲量较大,可通过足趾收展、屈曲练习或足趾抓弹珠、足趾夹铅笔、足背抬沙袋等运动锻炼进行矫治。 相似文献
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基于足底压力的优秀竞走运动员支撑足力学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过Fcotscan足底压力步态分析系统测试优秀竞走运动员竞走支撑相足底压力分布.结果表明,竞走支撑足足底压力时间曲线具有双峰特征,足中部发力控制能力较强;压力中心轨迹在横向摆动幅度较小,纵向移动速度均匀,在足中部支撑时移动速度较快;支撑时所受冲量分布全足底,在鞋后跟着地阶段大多出现足跟内翻,在足中部支撑和蹬伸阶段左足偶有内翻现象出现,具有项目特有的动力定型.建议在训练中应增加侧重左足外侧副韧带和足底肌腱韧带的专项力量练习,以提高竞走运动员的足平衡控制能力. 相似文献
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目的:探讨分析体育舞蹈专业女大学生足底压力的分布特征,为参加体育舞蹈训练的普通大学生和体育舞蹈专业学生提供数据参考。方法:采用footscan USB足底压力平板测试系统对8名普通女大学生和8名体育舞蹈专业女大学生进行正常行走、伦巴走步的足底压力测试。结果:裸足正常行走过程中,体育舞蹈专业和普通女大学生在足底各分区压力分布基本一致,无显著性差异;普通女大学生在第2-5趾、第1跖骨、第2跖骨、第5跖骨、足中部区域左、右差异有统计学意义,而体育舞蹈专业女大学生除了在第1趾存在差异外,左右足无显著性差异;体育舞蹈专业大学生在伦巴走步过程中,压力中心轨迹与正常行走时有很大差异。这种差异在足底各分区压力-时间积分中表现为,左右脚的脚前掌、足中部压力-时间积分变大,足跟部位压力-时间积分明显变小,且与正常行走相比有显著性差异,做舞蹈动作时,压力主要集中于脚前掌和足弓部位。结论:体育舞蹈专业女大学生在做舞蹈动作时,压力主要集中于脚前掌和足中部,且外侧跖骨受力显著。参加体育舞蹈训练时必须穿着适当高度、适当硬度的舞蹈鞋来缓解脚前掌和足中部的压力。 相似文献
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脑力、体力劳动者足底压力参数分布特征及评定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过分析脑力、体力劳动者自然行走过程中峰力值（maxforce，MF）、达峰力值时间（time to max force）、冲量（impulse）等参数特征，探讨职业对足底压力分布的影响。采用比利时Footscan USB2平板式足底压测试系统对50名普通健康脑力劳动者和63名普通健康体力劳动者进行自然行走过程中动态足底压力测试。结果显示：脑力、体力劳动者左脚Toel、Toe2-5、Heel Lateral区域平均峰值（MF）存在显著性差异，右脚Mid foot、Meta5区域MF差异存在非常显著性（P〈0．01），左、右双足平均峰力值（MF）最大值均出现在足跟内侧（Heel Medial）。脑力、体力劳动者足底各区域达峰力值的时间（TMF），左右双足差异均存在非常显著性（P〈0．01）。脑力劳动者与体力劳动者行走过程中左足在Toel、Toe2-5、Meta1、Heel Medial、Heel Lateral区域的冲量（Impulse，IP），体力劳动者明显大于脑力劳动者且具有显著性差异〈0．01），体力劳动者与脑力劳动者的足底MF与足弓接触面积及足角度存在不同程度的相关。结果说明：脑力劳动者与体力劳动者行走过程中左右双足的平均峰力值、接触面积、冲量等参数都存在不同程度的差异，可能与长期从事的职业不同有关，建议经常进行体育锻炼或定制矫形鞋垫，可以缓解足底压力高压区的过度集中，不断维护足健康水平。 相似文献
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通过对13名高水平女子羽毛球运动员进行下肢等速肌力测试,以及静态、行走、跑步、起跳、正反手跨弓步共5种运动状态的足底压力分析,发现:女子羽毛球运动员下肢肌群力量双侧较为均衡,髋部内收肌群、屈膝肌群、膝部内旋肌群、踝内旋肌群随运动速度加快而贡献程度不断增加;常速行走时左侧下肢用力自动化过程较敏感,双腿反向纵跳(CMJ)落地时右侧下肢承担了主要的缓冲负荷,单腿CMJ落地时左侧下肢离心负荷较右侧更大;反手区域步法受力高于正手区域,反手区域步法更多是足跟部受力,正手区域步法更多是足前部受力,限制下肢旋内运动的肌群均能影响常见步法的足内侧足底受力。 相似文献
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Wen-Lan Wu Hsiu-Tao Hsu I-Hua Chu Feng-Hua Tsai Jing-Min Liang 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(2):210-219
In order to help coaches analyse the techniques of professional in-line speed skaters for making the required fine adjustments and corrections in their push-off work, this study analysed the specific plantar pressure characteristics during a 300-m time-trial test. Fourteen elite in-line speed skaters from the national team were recruited in this study. The total completion time of the 300-m time-trial test, duration of each skating phase, and plantar pressure distribution were measured. The correlation between plantar pressure distribution and skating performance was assessed using Pearson correlation analyses. The results showed that the contact time of the total foot and force–time integral (FTI) in the medial forefoot were significantly correlated with the duration of the start phase, and the FTIs in the medial forefoot of the gliding (left) leg and lateral forefoot of the pushing (right) leg were significantly correlated with the duration of the turning phase. The maximum force in the medial heel, medial forefoot, and median forefoot and the FTI in the medial heel and medial forefoot were significantly correlated with the duration of the linear acceleration phase. The results suggest that a correct plantar loading area and push-off strategy can enhance the skating performance. 相似文献
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我国优秀女子标枪运动员最后用力重心及下肢动作分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
刘平 《沈阳体育学院学报》2003,(1):72-74
采用运动技术高速摄影和影片解析法 ,对我国部分优秀女子标枪运动员投掷步最后一步重心速度变化和下肢技术动作进行研究分析 ,对影响标枪运动成绩的运动学因子结构进行探讨 ,为广大教练员、运动员和教育、科研工作者的教学、训练实践工作提供参考。 相似文献
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Lower limb joint kinetics in the starting blocks and first stance in athletic sprinting 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Adam Brazil Timothy Exell Cassie Wilson Steffen Willwacher Ian Bezodis Gareth Irwin 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(16):1629-1635
The aim of this study was to examine lower limb joint kinetics during the block and first stance phases in athletic sprinting. Ten male sprinters (100 m PB, 10.50 ± 0.27 s) performed maximal sprint starts from blocks. External force (1000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) were recorded in both the block (utilising instrumented starting blocks) and subsequent first stance phases. Ankle, knee and hip resultant joint moment, power and work were calculated at the rear and front leg during the block phase and during first stance using inverse dynamics. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater peak moment, power and work were evident at the knee joint in the front block and during stance compared with the rear block. Ankle joint kinetic data significantly increased during stance compared with the front and rear block. The hip joint dominated leg extensor energy generation in the block phase (rear leg, 61 ± 10%; front leg, 64 ± 8%) but significantly reduced during stance (32 ± 9%), where the ankle contributed most (42 ± 6%). The current study provides novel insight into sprint start biomechanics and the contribution of the lower limb joints towards leg extensor energy generation. 相似文献
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姜娟 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(4):122-125,133
运用三维摄像法、图像解析法和数理统计法,对常年分别从事太极拳和健步走运动的男性老年人常速行走的相关指标进行研究,进而比较太极拳与健步走运动对老年人行走稳定性的影响。结果:太极拳组老年人与健步走组老年人在常速行走过程中的步长、步幅、步速、步频、步态周期,以及人体重心在一个步态周期各时相的前后、上下、左右移动的速度方面不存在显著的统计学差异;但太极拳组老年人的髋关节、踝关节活动幅度要明显好于健步走组老年人。结论:太极拳运动对老年人行走时摆动腿抬高的幅度,踝关节背屈能力的保持方面好于健步走运动。 相似文献
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YaoHui K. Chua Raymond K.K. Quek 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(1):13-22
This study aimed (1) to profile the plantar loading characteristics when performing the basketball lay-up in a realistic setting and (2) to determine the number of trials necessary to establish a stable mean for plantar loading variables during the lay-up. Thirteen university male basketball players [age: 23.0 (1.4) years, height: 1.75 (0.05) m, mass: 68.4 (8.6) kg] performed ten successful basketball lay-ups from a stationary position. Plantar loading variables were recorded using the Novel Pedar-X in-shoe system. Loading variables including peak force, peak pressure, and pressure–time integral were extracted from eight foot regions. Performance stability of plantar loading variables during the take-off and landing steps were assessed using the sequential averaging technique and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). High plantar loadings were experienced at the heel during the take-off steps, and both the heel and forefoot regions upon landing. The sequential estimation technique revealed a five–eight trial range to achieve a stable mean across all plantar loading variables, whereas ICC analysis was insensitive to inter-trial differences of repeated lay-up performances. Future studies and performance evaluation protocols on plantar loading during basketball lay-ups should include at least eight trials to ensure that the measurements obtained are sufficiently stable. 相似文献
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Developed from traditional Chinese martial arts, Tai Chi exercise includes different forms and interactive Push Hands but biomechanical analyses have focused on the former only. To analyse the techniques of Push Hands, an experienced master was asked to defend pushing by four opponents. Movements were videotaped and digitized using a motion analysis system. Surface electrodes were used to record the electromyographic activity of ten muscle groups. Two force plates were used to measure the ground reaction force on each foot. Inexperienced individuals performed the same procedure to serve as the control group. The results indicate that the master adopted a postural adjustment to maintain balance. A clear shift of body weight from the front to the rear foot and mediolateral displacement of the centre of gravity was observed. Low electromyographic activity was observed in the upper body muscle groups, while high electromyographic activity was observed in the right rectus femoris and very high activity in the left rectus femoris during the defence. All inexperienced participants lost their balance in resisting pushing. It is concluded that the Tai Chi defensive technique includes a subtle postural adjustment that slightly changes the pushing force direction, and allows the rear leg to resist the incoming force. 相似文献