共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
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本文旨在探讨汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的语言加工技能缺陷及其对汉语阅读的影响.以58对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童和正常对照组儿童为被试,进行语音意识、语素意识、命名速度和汉语阅读技能测试.结果发现:(1)汉语发展性阅读障碍组各项语言加工技能指标均低于对照组;(2)各项语言加工技能与汉语识字及阅读理解均有中等程度相关,可 在一定程度上预测汉语阅读水平,但总预测率低于50％;(3)识字水平在各项语言加工技能与阅读理解之间均起完全中介作用.研究结果显示:语言加工缺陷是汉语发展性阅读障碍 的重要发生机制,它通过影响识字水平进而影响阅读理解水平. 相似文献
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采取三种不同语音分割任务,对小学四年级汉语学习困难学生、听力损伤学生和正常学生的汉语语音觉察与加工能力进行了比较实验研究。结果表明,两类特殊儿童的汉语语音意识能力明显低于正常儿童。本结果提示,教育者应关注儿童早期拼音教学中对语音敏感性的训练。 相似文献
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本研究基于听写障碍儿童存在视觉辨别、形音联结缺陷的研究结果,对听写障碍儿童进行有针对性的认知干预训练,并进行实验比较.研究表明:视觉辨别、形音联结的干预能相应地提高听写障碍儿童的视觉辨别能力和形音联结能力;对于汉字学习来说,形音联结、视觉辨别相结合的综合干预训练比单一的视觉辨别、形音联结干预训练效果好.视觉辨别与形音联结相结合的综合认知干预方案更能提高听写障碍儿童相应的认知能力,促进听写障碍儿童的汉字学习质量. 相似文献
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汉语阅读障碍研究是近年来我国学习困难领域研究的热点,我国近10年来对汉语阅读障碍儿童的语言加工研究主要涉及语音意识、语素意识、正字法加工、语义加工四个方面。作者对这四方面的研究内容进行了归纳分析,同时对现有研究的趋势及不足进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童视觉短时记忆特点研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本研究采用实验研究的方法,探讨了不同亚类型的汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在视觉短时记忆上的特点,分别从不同的材料难度和目标刺激呈现时间上对各阅读障碍组与正常组的短时记忆准确率进行对比。结果表明:(1)阅读障碍儿童与正常儿童在视觉短时记忆上存在显著差异,并且随着材料复杂性的提高,阅读障碍儿童的缺陷表现的更明显。(2)目标刺激难度较小时,呈现时间较短(0.5s)时,识字量差的被试,其记忆准确性显著差于识字量不差的被试;呈现时间较长时(1s和2s),叫组被试之间在记忆准确性上不存在显著差异。(3)目标刺激难度较大时,呈现时间短(0.5s),四组被试之间均不存在显著差异;呈现时间为1s时,识字量差的被试,其记忆准确性显著差于识字量不差的被试;当刺激呈现时间增加至2s时,阅读理解能力差的被试,其记忆准确性显著低于阅读理解能力不差的被试。 相似文献
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毛荣建 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2015,(5)
采用视觉辨别、视觉记忆和视觉整体加工实验来探讨听写困难儿童是否存在视觉加工缺陷,分析听写困难儿童和正常儿童视觉加工水平的差异。结果显示,同正常儿童相比,听写困难儿童的视觉辨别能力水平低,而视觉记忆、视觉整合能力没有显著性差异。 相似文献
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本研究通过考察儿童对无意义简单图形、汉语生字和英语生词的视觉辨别记忆能力,探讨视觉加工对儿童语音意识发展的可能作用,并通过方言-普通话双语儿童(简称方言被试)和普通话单语儿童(简称普通话被试)的对比,进一步探讨方言被试和普通话被试在语音意识维度上的差异是否会在视觉记忆能力中反映出来.结果显示,方言语音经验并不影响与汉字学习有关的视觉记忆能力;但不同刺激类型的视觉记忆能力和语音意识的相关性随着年级的变化而变化.回归分析显示,在二年级时,图形和汉字的视觉记忆能力能够预测儿童的语音意识水平,而到了四年级和六年级,英语生词的视觉记忆能力是语音意识的唯一预测变量.由于汉语拼音和英语在形态上的一致性,结合系列研究的其他结论,本实验结果显示:汉语拼音的学习和巩固,使语音的形式化成为可能,而语音的形式化易化了语音加工过程,这个易化过程反映为语音意识测量成绩的提高. 相似文献
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翁晓倩 《闽西职业技术学院学报》2012,14(3):58-61
近年来快速命名与发展性阅读障碍的研究,主要讨论了快速命名对发展性阅读障碍产生预测性作用的主要原因:语音能力、正字法能力和任意性的形音联结.虽然鲜有研究涉及任意性的形音联结,但这个因素在形音关系不透明的汉语中,可能与阅读过程和快速命名都存在很大的相关性.今后应设立一个有效的统一的鉴别发展性阅读障碍儿童的标准,逐渐形成中文阅读发展的体系. 相似文献
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为了探讨汉语阅读困难和普通儿童短时记忆缺陷的原因,本研究从北京13个小学筛选出阅读困难儿童并配以相当数量的正常阅读儿童参加数字、汉字短时记忆及阅读测试。方差分析和分层回归分析表明阅读困难者短时记忆显著落后于普通读者,短时记忆的缺陷存在于记忆容量和提取效率上,且受阅读能力的影响。 相似文献
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汉语阅读障碍儿童与普通儿童朗读错误研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为反映汉语阅读障碍儿童朗读的特点,采用错误分析技术,对10名汉语阅读障碍儿童和10名普通儿童的朗读错误进行了系统的分析.结果发现:汉语阅读障碍儿童朗读流畅性与准确性都低于普通儿童,朗读中的替代错误、添加错误、省略错误都显著多于普通儿童.而二者在颠倒错误上的差异不显著.在替代错误中,音似、形似、语义及无关替代显著地多于普通儿童.与普通儿童相比,汉语阅读障碍儿童的朗读问题主要表现为错误数量更多,而不是表现为错误类型上的特点.最后结合研究发现对阅读障碍的诊断与干预提出了建议. 相似文献
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The present study used the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experimental paradigm in a picture naming task to explore the source of the naming deficits of children with dyslexia. Compared with a control group of typically developing readers, the children with dyslexia showed fewer correct responses and spontaneous recalls, more don't know (DK) and TOT responses, and less accurate feeling of knowing (FOK) judgments. When they failed to retrieve a target word, the children with dyslexia did not differ from the control group in the partial semantic information they provided, but they gave less valid and more invalid partial phonological information. The children with dyslexia also benefited less from phonological cues. The phonologically related responses of the children with dyslexia elicited during the administration of the TOT procedure were related to their performance on a phonological awareness test. These findings suggest that the naming problems of children with dyslexia arise because of their difficulty in accessing the phonological word forms after the corresponding abstract lexical representation has been successfully accessed. The results are discussed in relation to the claim that two-stage models of naming can be profitably used in the early identification and treatment of reading disabilities. 相似文献
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This study evaluated the effect of sound-symbol association training on visual and phonological memory in children with a history of dyslexia. Pretests of phonological and visual memory, a sound-symbol training procedure, and phonological and visual memory posttests were administered to children with dyslexia, to children whose dyslexia had been compensated through remedial training, and to age- and reading level-matched comparison groups. Deficits in visual and phonological memory and memory for sound-symbol associations were demonstrated in the dyslexia group. For children with dyslexia and children whose dyslexia had been remediated, the sound-symbol training scores were significantly associated with word and pseudoword reading scores and were significantly lower than those of the comparison groups. Children with dyslexia and children whose dyslexia had been compensated showed significantly less facilitation of phonological memory following the training than did typical readers. Skilled readers showed some reduction in accuracy of visual memory following the training, which may be the result of interference of verbalization with a predominantly visual task. A parallel decrease was not observed in the children with dyslexia, possibly because these children did not use the verbal cues. Children with dyslexia and children whose dyslexia had been compensated seemed to have difficulty encoding the novel sounds in memory. As a result, they derived less phonological memory advantage and less visual memory interference from the training than did typical readers. Children in the compensated dyslexia group scored lower on sound-symbol training than their age peers. In other respects, the scores of these children were equivalent to those of the typically reading comparison groups. Children in the compensated dyslexia group exhibited higher phonological rehearsal, iconic memory, and associative memory scores than children in the dyslexia group. Implications for the remediation of dyslexia are discussed. 相似文献
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Nicolson and Fawcett (1990) demonstrated specifically impaired balancing performance of children with dyslexia when balancing had to be done simultaneously with a secondary task. This finding was taken as evidence for a general automatization deficit of children with dyslexia. We attempted to replicate this finding with German children with dyslexia, whose characteristic reading difficulty is a fluency problem quite in correspondence with the automatization deficit explanation. Because we were concerned about a potential confound between dyslexia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we also collected teacher ratings on ADHD symptoms. We found that poor dual-task balancing was limited to children with higher ADHD ratings and that children with dyslexia without higher ADHD ratings performed as well on dual-task balancing as age-matched control children. This finding supports the aforementioned confound. Together with other findings from our research group, it supports the position that, even in consistent orthographies, difficulties in learning to read are caused by a specific phonological deficit. 相似文献
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It is supposed that there is an early, foundation stage in beginning reading during which children acquire basic letter-sound knowledge, a capability for alphabetic processing, and a logographic sight vocabulary. An assessment of foundation processes was administered to Scottish children with reading difficulties (n = 51) and to reading-level-matched controls (n = 56). The results suggested that the foundation is normally in place by the time a reading age of about 7 years has been achieved. Foundation-level dyslexia is identifiable in children with reading difficulty whose reading ages fall below this level. Differing patterns of dyslexia were observed, depending on whether the primary effect was on letter-sound learning (literal dyslexia), the acquisition of the alphabetic process (alphabetic dyslexia), or retention of a sight vocabulary (logographic dyslexia). Balanced dyslexia, in which both alphabetic and logographic functions were impaired, was also found. Some implications for assessment and treatment are discussed. 相似文献
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We investigated Dutch word stress acquisition in 3‐year‐old children at risk of dyslexia (children with at least one parent or older sibling with reading difficulties) and normally developing children, in order to shed light on language acquisition delays in children at risk of dyslexia, as well as to investigate further phonological deficits in dyslexia. The children had to repeat non‐words with stress patterns varying in regularity. Both the at‐risk and control children performed better on imitation of regular stress targets and worse on irregular and prohibited stress patterns. However, the at‐risk children showed more difficulty imitating irregular and prohibited patterns, and had lower percentages phonemes correct than the control group. The results can be interpreted as a delay in word stress acquisition in the at‐risk group. The findings thus point towards a phonological deficit early in language development. 相似文献