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1.
Family rearing antecedents of pubertal timing 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Belsky J Steinberg LD Houts RM Friedman SL DeHart G Cauffman E Roisman GI Halpern-Felsher BL Susman E;NICHD Early Child Care Research Network 《Child development》2007,78(4):1302-1321
Two general evolutionary hypotheses were tested on 756 White children (397 girls) studied longitudinally: (1) rearing experiences would predict pubertal timing; and (2) children would prove differentially susceptible to rearing. Analysis of pubertal measurements, including some based on repeated physical assessments, showed that mothering and fathering, earlier and later in childhood, predicted pubertal development, but only for girls, with negative parenting appearing most influential; maternal harsh control predicted earlier menarche. Rearing effects varied by infant negative emotionality, proving stronger (and opposite) for girls who in infancy were lower rather than higher in negativity. Maternal menarche, controlled in all analyses, was a stronger predictor than rearing. Findings are discussed in terms of theory development, genetic and nutritional influences, and sample restrictions. 相似文献
2.
Susanne A. Denham Hideko H. Bassett Katherine Zinsser 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2012,40(3):137-143
Young children’s emotional competence—regulation of emotional expressiveness and experience when necessary, and knowledge
of their own and other’s emotions—is crucial for social and academic (i.e., school) success. Thus, it is important to understand
the mechanisms of how young children develop emotional competence. Both parents and teachers are considered as important socializers
of emotion, providing children experiences that promote or deter the development of emotional competence. However, compared
to parents, early childhood teachers’ roles in socializing young children’s emotional competence have not been examined. Based
on the findings from research on parental socialization of emotion, in this theoretical review we explore possible teacher
roles in the development of young children’s emotional competence. Additionally, we suggest future research focusing on early
childhood teacher socialization of emotion, and discuss theoretical and practical benefits of such research. 相似文献
3.
Eleanor E. Maccoby 《Child development》1991,62(4):676-681
The claim for a connection between stressful, unstable childhood environments and early pubertal maturation has only modest empirical support. However, granting the claim for purposes of discussion, and taking an evolutionary perspective, it is argued here that early puberty need not imply a shift from a "quality" toward a "quantity" reproductive strategy. Indeed, for females to make such a shift when they cannot count on secure pair bonding or paternal investment from a male would not serve their inclusive fitness interests; indeed, probably the reverse. Delayed puberty among juveniles with secure, long-continued bonds with the parental generation may serve a different evolutionary function: to minimize inbreeding. Nonevolutionary factors are more than adequate to account for precocious sexuality in individuals with stressful childhood histories. 相似文献
4.
进化(种系发生)、发展(个体发生)和儿童早期教育之间的关系是儿童教育无法回避的基本理论问题。进化理论已经成为现代生物学的基石,由于人类认知和行为是基于生物学的,因此进化理论也应该成为现代心理学的基石。由于各种原因,进化理论对儿童发展心理学的早期影响主要体现在有关重演律——个体发生重演种系发生的思想上,如20世纪主要的发展心理学家格塞尔、皮亚杰、维果茨基、弗洛伊德等都在一定程度上受到重演律思想的影响。然而,重演律自其问世以来就因其过分粗糙和简单化而受到了质疑,并随着胚胎学与基因研究的深入而被修正。当新的进化改变发生时,重演律就会被打破。对人类来说,这种新的进化改变之可能发生,是与幼态持续紧密相关的。个体发育的早期阶段是一个潜在适应的仓库,包含了以后通过异率生长丢失的无数形状和结构。个体延迟发展或童年期的延长具有重要的适应性价值,它使人类大脑更加灵活,使儿童有充裕的时间习得复杂的社会角色与规范,并获得很强的发展可塑性与学习能力,同时由于儿童必须依赖双亲很长时期的照顾方能长大成人,这对建立和巩固家庭在儿童成长与社会稳定中的重要地位起了关键的中介作用。不过,进化与发展之间的关系十分复杂,两者绝非简单的对应关系,而且强... 相似文献
5.
Ansley T. Gilpin Melissa M. Brown Jillian M. Pierucci 《Early education and development》2013,24(7):920-932
Research Findings: Emotion regulation is a strong predictor of both short- and long-term peer relationships and social competence and is often targeted in preschool curricula and interventions. Pretense is a natural activity of childhood that is thought to facilitate the development of socialization, perspective taking, language, and possibly emotion regulation. This study investigated whether fantasy-oriented children, who engage in more pretense, demonstrate higher levels of emotion regulation. Prekindergartners (n = 103) and teachers were given a battery of measures assessing children’s emotion regulation, fantasy orientation, theory of mind, and language. Results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that children’s proclivity toward fantastical play (their fantasy orientation) uniquely predicted 24% of the variance in their emotion regulation skills over and above typical predictors: age, theory of mind, and language skills. That is, children who participated in more fantasy pretense demonstrated better emotion regulation skills than their peers. Practice or Policy: The present study suggests that future research, curriculum, and interventions should focus on targeting fantastical pretense to assess causal mechanisms of emotion regulation development. Teachers and parents should encourage children’s fantastical pretense, as research suggests it may be an important contributor to the development of critical socialization skills such as emotion regulation. 相似文献
6.
Grazyna Kochanska 《Child development》1991,62(6):1379-1392
Toddlerhood antecedents of conscience were examined in 58 8-10-year-old children. The measures of conscience, such as general affective/moral orientation, the extent of reparation, and the intensity of guilt feelings, were assessed from children's narratives produced in response to semiprojective stories involving transgressions, distress, and conflict. Maternal endorsed socialization orientations and observed rearing behaviors that deemphasized the use of power were associated with the children's internalized conscience 6 years later. However, these findings were significant only for children who were relatively prone to fearful arousal. The capacity for self-regulation, indexed by early compliance and noncompliance to maternal socialization, predicted children's internalized conscience 6 years later. There was preliminary evidence that compliance obtained in a rearing context that deemphasized power assertion was most conducive to the development of conscience. The findings are discussed in view of the interplay of socialization and temperament in moral development. 相似文献
7.
周湉 《赣南师范学院学报》2013,34(2):55-59
语言社会化理论最早由美国的语言学家Bambi Schieffelin和Elinor Ochs于20世纪80年代早期提出的。作为一个多学科交叉的新兴领域,它涉及社会学、心理学、语言学、人类学、现象学以及社会文化理论等学科,试图利用人种志的研究方法探讨语言和社会的关系。语言社会化理论框架下的语用研究包括第一语言习得领域的语言社会化、二语和多语社团的语言社会化、以及"显性"和"隐性"语言社会化等方面,阐述语言社会化在语用能力发展中的作用,并指出研究中的优点、不足以及未来研究的方向。 相似文献
8.
《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(3):309-324
AbstractEvolutionary developmental psychology is relevant to understanding many aspects of socio-emotional development in infancy, childhood and adolescence. This article focuses on parental investment and paternity certainty, child abuse, grandparenting, and parent-offspring conflict; sibling relationships and theory of mind; children's peer groups, especially dominance, aggression, sex differences and pretend and rough-and-tumble play; and on a model linking early family experiences to peer behaviour, age of puberty and reproductive behaviour. The review illustrates some of the potential of evolutionary developmental psychology in providing a comprehensive framework for understanding many aspects of social behaviour, and of providing testable hypotheses. Evolutionary explanations should be seen as compatible with cultural and environmental explanations, that may provide the proximal mechanisms by which the more distal functions of these behaviours are typically realised in actual developmental process and experience 相似文献
9.
10.
《Critical Studies in Education》2013,54(1):1-15
Abstract Early childhood education has been characterised in recent times by discussion associated with the similarities, differences and various merits of developmental and sociocultural theory as theoretical informants to curriculum and educational practice. In the main, these discussions centre on the way each theory views development and positions the child as a learner. This article argues that the debate may be furthered by considering the extent to which each perspective is related to the other and draws on Kuhn's conceptualisation of the evolution of knowledge in communities of practice in order to examine the extent to which newer explanations for development are being considered in relation to traditional ideas. The article concludes with an emphasis on the idea that the evolution of knowledge concerned with children's development and learning is a process of continued growth and one that requires an active awareness as to how and why it is utilised and interpreted as an informant to early childhood education. 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACTIn preparing the future stewards of the physical education profession, the occupational socialization and professional development of physical education doctoral students is important to consider. To date, there has been scant scholarly inquiry into doctoral education in physical education. However, there is an abundance of research related to doctoral training in the higher education literature more generally. Drawing upon this larger body of work, this article expands occupational socialization theory to address the socialization of physical education doctoral students and faculty members. The case is made that effective doctoral training in physical education is essential to securing the future of the profession. Provided is an overview of the existing literature, presentation of an adaptation to occupational socialization theory that explains doctoral physical education socialization, and a discussion of key professional development issues that academic leaders and student support personnel should consider. Implications and recommendations for doctoral physical education leadership and academic programs are provided. 相似文献
12.
Toward a Synthesis of Parental Socialization and Child Temperament in Early Development of Conscience 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
Grazyna Kochanska 《Child development》1993,64(2):325-347
It is argued that, while research on conscience development has emphasized the contribution of parental socialization, the influence of children's temperament has been largely neglected. Two developmental processes that result in the formation of two respective components of conscience are proposed: (1) development of the tendency to experience affective discomfort, guilt, and anxiety associated with wrongdoing; and (2) development of behavioral control—the ability to inhibit a prohibited action, to suppress an antisocial or destructive impulse, and to perform a more prosocial/desirable behavior. Individual differences among children and qualities of parental socialization in relation to both processes are considered as they contribute to conscience development. Relevant evidence from neopsychoanalytic, attributional, social-learning, and temperament models is reviewed. New avenues of research that integrate socialization and temperament perspectives in a developmental framework are proposed. The importance of the study of early developmental periods is emphasized. 相似文献
13.
Rikhye K Tyrka AR Kelly MM Gagne GG Mello AF Mello MF Price LH Carpenter LL 《Child abuse & neglect》2008,32(1):19-34
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine associations between childhood adversity, parental bonding, gender, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in non-treatment-seeking adults from the community. METHOD: Effects of differential parental rearing were compared in adults who reported a high degree of childhood maltreatment (n=72) and those who reported no significant adverse events in childhood (n=69). Subjects completed retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment and perceived parenting style, as well as measures of current depressive symptoms and quality of life. RESULTS: The subjects without childhood maltreatment were younger and endorsed less current depressive symptomatology than did subjects with childhood maltreatment. While the subjects without a history of maltreatment reported more "optimal" bonding experiences with their parents, the maltreatment group members were more likely to characterize their early parental bonding experiences in terms of "affectionless control" (p<.001 for both maternal and paternal parenting), "affectionate constraint" (p=.025 for maternal parenting and p=.004 for paternal parenting), or "weak or absent" bonding (p<.001 for both maternal and paternal parenting). Results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that overall quality of paternal care (p=.015) and current level of depressive symptoms (p<.001) were significant independent predictors of adult quality of life. Gender effects between subjects providing parental bonding data were limited to the group with childhood maltreatment. CONCLUSION: These findings extend previous work documenting a relationship between early life maltreatment and suboptimal parental bonding, suggesting gender-specific effects of maternal and paternal care. Effects of childhood maltreatment on quality of life in adulthood appear to be linked with the quality of childhood paternal care and the occurrence of depressive symptomatology in adulthood, suggesting possible targets for primary or secondary prevention. 相似文献
14.
In Search of a Metatheory for Cognitive Development (or, Piaget Is Dead and I Don't Feel So Good Myself) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David F. Bjorklund 《Child development》1997,68(1):144-148
With the waning of influence of Piaget's theory and the shortcomings of information-processing perspectives of cognitive growth, cognitive developmentalists lack a common set of broad, overarching principles and assumptions—a metatheory—to guide their research. Development biology is suggested as metatheory for cognitive development. Although it is important for developmentalists to understand proximal biological causes (e.g., brain development), most important for such a metatheory is an evolutionary perspective. Some basic principles of evolutionary psychology are introduced, and examples of contemporary research and theory consistent with these ideas are provided. 相似文献
15.
Boudon has distinguished between the primary and secondary effects of socialization as a cause of social disparities in education.
His explanation of secondary effects, which rests on an analysis of decision-making within opportunity cost constraints, has
attracted support from realist sociologists. The empirical evidence, however, suggests that primary effects, largely the result
of cognitive socialization in early childhood, may be a more important source of variance than Boudon recognizes. Some implications
of this for a general theory of inequality/difference are examined with reference to the character of social explanation and
in the context of the realist discussion on the structure-agency problem. 相似文献
16.
Differential premises arising from differential socialization of the sexes: some conjectures 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
J H Block 《Child development》1983,54(6):1335-1354
The sex-differentiated socialization emphases of parents and other representatives of societal institutions are considered as they influence the personality development and behavioral orientations of males and females. Specifically, sex-differentiated socialization emphases, "shaping" behaviors, and teaching styles are evaluated with regard to the nature of the "meta-messages" conveyed to boys and girls during their early, formative years. These messages are assumed to differentially influence the self-concepts evolved, ego structures, personal goals, and the cognitive-adaptational heuristics of boys and of girls. Differences in the socialization environments experienced by the 2 sexes can be seen as related to gender differences in personality characteristics. To integrate the empirical findings surrounding gender differences in personality and socialization experience, some conjectures are offered regarding the different self- and world views our current culture may be creating and fostering in males and in females. The potential and even likely influence of biological factors conjoined with the bidirectional effects of child and parent interaction are recognized as confounded with an interpretation in terms of differential socialization. But also, it is noted that until the effects of differential socialization are specifically evaluated by cultural, subcultural, or individual family changes, the role of biological and bidirectional factors cannot be assessed. 相似文献
17.
叶慎花 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2010,29(11)
家庭是儿童成长的重要驿站,是儿童社会化和心理发展的第一课堂。要想预防和减少幼儿的行为问题,就要从家庭精神环境入手,营造良好的夫妻关系,改善不良的教养方式,塑造良好的行为习惯,为幼儿的健康成长创设良好的精神环境。 相似文献
18.
Family environments, adrenarche, and sexual maturation: a longitudinal test of a life history model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Life history theorists have proposed that humans have evolved to be sensitive to specific features of early childhood environments and that exposure to different environments biases children toward development of different reproductive strategies, including differential pubertal timing. The current research provides a longitudinal test of this theory. Assessments of family environments, based on interviews with mothers and fathers, were conducted in preschool, and children were then followed prospectively through middle childhood. Adrenal hormones were assayed in a selected subsample of 120 children (73 girls) at age 7, and parent and child reports of secondary sexual characteristics were collected in the full female sample of 180 girls at age 11. Higher quality parental investment (from both mothers and fathers) and less father-reported Marital Conflict/Depression forecast later adrenarche. Older age at menarche in mothers, higher socioeconomic status, greater mother-based Parental Supportiveness, and lower third-grade body mass index each uniquely and significantly predicted later sexual development in daughters. Consistent with a life history perspective, quality of parental investment emerged as a central feature of the proximal family environment in relation to pubertal timing. 相似文献
19.
Colin J. Lewis 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2019,51(1):41-50
Despite increasing studies and applications of Vygotsky’s theory of learning and development, little has been written connecting Vygotsky specifically to moral education. The most comprehensive attempt at formulating such an account is given by Mark Tappan. I critically evaluate Tappan’s account before raising several problems for his approach. I then offer suggestions for resolving these issues by turning to research in socialization theory and recommending additional sociocultural artifacts that can supplement moral education. 相似文献
20.
义务教育阶段,我国农村留守儿童社会化面临严重困境。产生困境的原因涉及多方面:家庭方面主要表现为家庭结构不完整、心理环境不佳、家庭教育主体素质较低及教养方式不当;学校方面主要表现为教育理念的偏差、物质文化环境和心理环境不良、学校教育主体素质较低;家校合作形式主义严重,效果较差。 相似文献