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1.
张红萍 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(9):41+45-41,45
通过对我校田径队12名男子短跑运动员的核心力量训练,提高运动员的核心力量,有效提高了短跑运动员的短跑成绩,从而为提高短跑运动员的技术水平和运动成绩的进一步研究打下基础,以及为我国青少年短跑运动的可持续发展进行有益的探索。短跑;核心力量;训练 相似文献
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<正>本文是关于现代田径短跑项目特点的研究,通过文献资料研究和专家访谈等方法,从短跑技术特征、力量特征、供能特点等项目特征对短跑项目进行分析,从而了解现代田径短跑运动的项目特点,以便使运动员更好地进行体育锻炼,从而取得更好的运动成绩。1研究背景短跑是世界体育史上最古老的体育项目,是田径运动的基础。短跑自公元前776年举行的古希腊奥运会开始至后来的13届古代奥运会中都只有一个比赛项目,即短跑。 相似文献
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速度力量素质是短跑运动员必备的主要运动素质之一,是掌握和运用技战术的基础。科学合理地进行速度力量素质训练,是提高短跑运动成绩的关键。文章从青少年短跑运动员速度力量训练的特征出发,探讨发展其速度力量方法,力图为青少年短跑运动员的速度力量训练提供参考。 相似文献
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短跑技术理论研究热点综述 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
短跑技术理论的更新和短跑技术的发展是提高短跑运动成绩的重要因素.半个多世纪以来,我国的短跑技术理论发生了重大变化.对那些曾经是大家争论的焦点问题进行回顾与总结,为推动我国短跑技术理论发展进而促进短跑运动水平的提高提供参考. "后扒式"着地技术和"屈蹬式"短跑技术已成为现代短跑技术的重要特征; "髋动力"学说的观点及放松技术对竞赛成绩的重要性已得到大家普遍的认可.而"后扒式"着地技术对整个支撑阶段动作技术有何影响;如何衔接不同场地上的短跑技术、如何在煤渣跑道和泥土场地上提高"屈蹬式"短跑技术的适用性,以及如何根据运动员的技术特点、形态条件及同等水平运动员的共同技术特征,对不同等级运动员做技术诊断和指导等问题有待于进一步研究.此外,加强放松训练方法手段的研究刻不容缓. 相似文献
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于鹏 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2004,22(1)
对中、外短跑运动技术与成绩进行分析比较,找出我国与世界先进水平所存在的差距及问题,分析其问题的根源。并着重指出这些差距和存在的问题也是我国少年短跑运动训练所存在的主要问题,它制约着少年技术及训练水平的提高。就此,结合我国少年短跑训练实践,运用中外短跑运动有关训练资料和科研成果及有关专家的论著,分析我国少年短跑运动技术与训练今后的走向,并对其训练提出建议。 相似文献
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男子短跑运动员的身体素质与运动成绩的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国的男子短跑运动水平较低,与世界水平尚有距离。本文对三十名优秀男子短跑运动员进行分组实验,跟踪调查的结果表明,短跑运动成绩与许多因素有关,最重要决定于本身综合的身体素质。如何平衡地发展身体的各项素质是运动水平提高的关键。 相似文献
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短跑是周期性的速度、速度力量与技术相结合的体能项目,力量素质是短跑运动员必备的主要运动素质之一,是掌握和运用技术、战术的基础。力量训练是短跑运动员训练的核心内容,科学合理地进行专项力量素质训练,是提高短跑运动成绩的关键。一、现代短跑运动技术特征现代短跑技术已经从传统的"后蹬式"转向"屈蹬式",其本质特征是以髋为轴的高速摆动平动运动,在整个跑的过程中,运动员是以前脚掌着地,足踵基本不接触地面,脚掌趾和踝关节肌群 相似文献
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以2000年~2006年参加全国14、15岁青少年田径锦标赛的女子短跑运动员作为研究对象,就其专项运动素质综合测评成绩的有关数据进行比较与分析,并与《田径教学训练大纲》进行比较,对近7年我国14、15岁女子短跑运动员的专项运动素质进行了总体性的评定,并对我国14、15岁女子短跑运动员未来的竞技能力做出预测,以期为我国女子短跑运动的选材提供一些理论依据。 相似文献
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对照国内外优秀短跑运动员的运动水平,可以明显看到我国短跑运动的运动成绩较之国外存在较大的差距。造成这一事实的因素是多方面的(包括基因、环境、营养、训练),基因问题是先天的,后天能解决且非常有效的就是训练问题。而目前我国短跑运动员普遍存在成绩不高,且保持运动水平能力不强即运 相似文献
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从运动员选材角度探讨不同项目足弓形态特点及在跳深实验中足弓形态与支撑时间关系,以期为足弓形态应用于田径运动员选材提供科学依据。研究对象：上海市一、二线短跑和中长跑共84名运动员,其中男子短跑运动员34名,女子短跑运动员19名,男子中长跑运动员21名,女子中长跑10名。方法：所有研究对象均进行身高、体重、足弓形态、跳深实验测试,然后分组研究足弓形态与跳深实验中支撑时间关系。结果：男女均表现出足弓低的组支撑时间快于足弓高的组支撑时间;短跑和中长跑项目中男女优秀组的足弓均出现低于一般组的趋势;短跑男子优秀组和一般组的足弓基本都低于中长跑优秀组和一般组的趋势。结论：足弓高低是影响短跑或中长跑运动员支撑时间长短的重要因素,在运动员选材中或对教练员训练中有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 7 weeks of high- and low-velocity resistance training on strength and sprint running performance in nine male elite junior sprint runners (age 19.0 - 1.4 years, best 100 m times 10.89 - 0.21 s; mean - s ). The athletes continued their sprint training throughout the study, but their resistance training programme was replaced by one in which the movement velocities of hip extension and flexion, knee extension and flexion and squat exercises varied according to the loads lifted (i.e. 30-50% and 70-90% of 1-RM in the high- and low-velocity training groups, respectively). There were no between-group differences in hip flexion or extension torque produced at 1.05, 4.74 or 8.42 rad·s -1 , 20 m acceleration or 20 m 'flying' running times, or 1-RM squat lift strength either before or after training. This was despite significant improvements in 20 m acceleration time ( P ? 0.01), squat strength ( P ? 0.05), isokinetic hip flexion torque at 4.74 rad·s -1 and hip extension torque at 1.05 and 4.74 rad·s -1 for the athletes as a whole over the training period. Although velocity-specific strength adaptations have been shown to occur rapidly in untrained and non-concurrently training individuals, the present results suggest a lack of velocity-specific performance changes in elite concurrently training sprint runners performing a combination of traditional and semi-specific resistance training exercises. 相似文献
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Daniel Hamacher Tobias Krebs Guido Meyer Astrid Zech 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(4):491-496
During competition, kayak athletes must optimally adapt to environmental factors (e.g. wind, waves) to achieve peak performance. However, the ability to adapt to such perturbations has never been assessed in kayak paddling. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the local dynamic stability in sports technique of youth sprint kayak athletes. In a cross-sectional study, 14 healthy male athletes were recruited from an elite youth sprint kayak squad. During an incremental kayak ergometer test, mean power, heart rates and local dynamic technique stability of hands, arms, trunk and paddle were registered and the association with the athletes 2000?m free-water times were estimated using mixed models. The 2000?m free-water performance significantly predicted the paddles (p?=?.037) local dynamic stability whereas no association was found for the trunk or the upper extremity kinematics. In conclusion, kayak athletes with high-performance capability over 2000?m paddling depict high local dynamic technique stability. This emphasizes the importance of a stable technique for advanced kayak skills, especially regarding paddling movements. 相似文献
14.
Moresi MP Bradshaw EJ Greene D Naughton G 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2011,10(2):73-84
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of two long jump tasks and their ability to predict 10 m sprint performance in elite adolescent female athletes. Eight junior national-level female track and field athletes completed three standing (SLJ) and reactive long jumps (RLJ) on portable force plates, followed by three 10 m sprints. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated to examine reliability. Linear regression results identified the best predictor of average and best 10 m sprint time from the jump kinematic and kinetic measures. The ICCs and CVs indicated good reliability for the majority of kinetic measures however, better reliability was reported for the SLJ. The SLJ was a good predictor of best and average 10 m sprint time, with average horizontal power the best predictor of performance (best; R2 = 0.751, p = 0.003, Standard Error of Estimate (SEE)% = 2.2 average; R2 = 0.708, p = 0.005, SEE% = 2.5). 相似文献
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Naoki Kikuchi Eri Miyamoto-Mikami Haruka Murakami Tomohiro Nakamura Seok-Ki Min Masuhiko Mizuno 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):694-701
Aim: Recent meta-analyses of the literature confirmed the association between the RR+RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athletic status in Europeans but not in Asians and Africans, while the association between the R577X genotype and elite endurance athlete status is less convincing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and elite athlete status in a large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes. Methods: One-thousand fifty-seven Japanese track and field athletes (627 sprint/power athletes and 430 endurance athletes) and 810 Japanese controls were genotyped for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) by using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Results: Elite sprint/power athletes had a higher frequency of the RR+RX genotype than the controls (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16–2.18; P?=?.003). A significant linear correlation was found between the RR?+?RX genotype and athlete status (i.e. regional?P?=?.001 for trend) and long-distance runners (regional: 65%, national: 72%, international: 82%; P?=?.030 for trend). Conclusions: The data obtained for this large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes served to confirm the association between the RR?+?RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athlete status and also the association between the ACTN3 RR?+?RX genotype and long-distance running athletic status. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):149-153
Abstract The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism is the most studied genetic marker in the field of human performance. There is a continuing debate in the literature regarding the possible association of ACE genotypes and elite athletic status. In fact, despite recent studies having identified no significant associations in athletes from mixed sporting disciplines, other researchers suggest that the insertion (I) variant may be associated with elite endurance performance, and the deletion (D) variant can be over-represented among elite sprinters. The purpose of the present study was to determine, for the first time, the association between the ACE genotypes and sprint athlete status among elite Italian gymnasts. To test this hypothesis, we assessed 33 elite Italian gymnasts (17 males, 16 females) and a control group of 53 (31 males, 22 females) unrelated sedentary individuals. DNA was extracted from each participant using a buccal swab and the ACE I/D polymorphism was determined using PCR while different amplified fragments were detected by electrophoresis using agarose gel and ethidium bromide staining. The ACE genotypes and allele frequencies among gymnasts (DD, ID, II=0.39, 0.48, 0.12, respectively; D allele=0.64) were not significantly different from those of Italian sedentary controls (DD, ID, II=0.39, 0.45, 0.15, respectively; D allele=0.62). However, the frequencies of our control group were similar to those observed in a sample of Italian sedentary individuals, and different to those of the general Caucasian population reported by other authors. Furthermore, the frequencies of our control group did not differ from those reported in other association studies involving elite sprint athletes. Our results suggest a lack of association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and elite gymnastics performance in Italians. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 7 weeks of high- and low-velocity resistance training on strength and sprint running performance in nine male elite junior sprint runners (age 19.0+/-1.4 years, best 100 m times 10.89+/-0.21 s; mean +/- s). The athletes continued their sprint training throughout the study, but their resistance training programme was replaced by one in which the movement velocities of hip extension and flexion, knee extension and flexion and squat exercises varied according to the loads lifted (i.e. 30-50% and 70-90% of 1-RM in the high- and low-velocity training groups, respectively). There were no between-group differences in hip flexion or extension torque produced at 1.05, 4.74 or 8.42 rad x s(-1), 20 m acceleration or 20 m 'flying' running times, or 1-RM squat lift strength either before or after training. This was despite significant improvements in 20 m acceleration time (P < 0.01), squat strength (P < 0.05), isokinetic hip flexion torque at 4.74 rad x s(-1) and hip extension torque at 1.05 and 4.74 rad x s(-1) for the athletes as a whole over the training period. Although velocity-specific strength adaptations have been shown to occur rapidly in untrained and nonconcurrently training individuals, the present results suggest a lack of velocity-specific performance changes in elite concurrently training sprint runners performing a combination of traditional and semi-specific resistance training exercises. 相似文献
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目的：从运动员选材角度探讨短跑和中长跑项目运动员在跳深实验中支撑时间的特征,为支撑时间应用于田径运动员选材提供依据。方法：以上海市一、二线短跑和中长跑共84名运动员为研究对象。所有研究对象均进行身高、体重、跳深实验测试,分组研究两项目运动员支撑时间特征。结果：短跑男子优秀组最快和平均支撑时间都快于一般组（P＜0.05）,女子优秀组最快和平均支撑时间也都快于一般组（P＞0.05）,中长跑组也表现基本一致的趋势;项目之间进行比较也基本表现出一致性趋势,也就是短跑组最快和平均支撑时间基本快于相同运动等级中长跑组（P＞0.05）。结论：支撑时间在短跑和中长跑项目中具有明显的项目特征和等级特征,可以应用于短跑或中长跑项目选材。 相似文献
19.
高水平耐力运动员高强度间歇训练的生理机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
次最大强度训练对经过长期训练的高水平耐力运动员的运动成绩和相关生理指标的提高作用甚少。研究发现通过高强度的间歇训练(HIT)可以提高他们的运动成绩。但是,关于高水平耐力运动员 HIT 的相关生理机制并不十分清楚。本文就高水平耐力运动员高强度间歇训练的相关生理机制的研究进展加以总结和展望。 相似文献
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对我国优秀男子散打运动员的体能指标与拳腿组合击中率成绩进行相关分析,探讨散打运动员的专项体能特点及结构,筛选出具有代表性的、能够反映出散打特点的专项体能指标,并在此基础上建立我国优秀男子散打运动员体能模型、权重模型、均值模型及评价模型,以便于明确散手运动员在体能上与优秀散手运动员的差距,为运动员的科学选材和训练提供体能意义上的参考。 相似文献