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This paper redefines “frugal innovations”, particularly for physical products with relatively complex designs, by using a multidimensional framework that covers design, technological, and economic aspects of innovations, refining and broadening its initial definition as “low-cost innovations” for the unserved lower end of the mass market (ULM). By applying our framework, this paper clarifies and broadens the concept of frugal innovation. The applicability of this broadened concept is demonstrated by using this framework to illustrate two cases of radical frugal innovations in the automobile industry, Tata Motors Nano and Citroën 2CV, from an emerging country and an advanced country respectively.The study shows that frugal innovation may improve (rather than decrease) performance of the products deliverable to the ULM under extreme budget constraints by extensive architectural changes and creation of technological knowledge, that integral architectures may be adopted more frequently in frugal radical innovation of relatively complex products such as automobiles, and that such products may not be destructive for producers in the higher price segments.The study shows that the existing concepts of frugal innovation that emphasize “low cost/good enough” innovation of “simple products” need to be re-examined, because frugal innovation can also be treated as technological product innovation in the sense that it may improve the performance of relatively complex products deliverable through their architectural changes and creation of technological knowledge. This study shows that there is a domain of innovation policies and strategies activating frugal innovations that calls for integrative and strategic approaches, not only to R&D, but also to other value-adding functions of firms and industries. 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):331-348
Technological change and employment effects are not new phenomena. This paper examines some responses to technological innovation in the work situation around the turn of the century, a period of rapid and unprecedented scientific and technological development. The views of Tom Mann, an articulate British trade unionist and labour leader, on a number of subjects relating to these developments are compared with some recent writing, and are found to anticipate much of what is currently being said on these same subjects. It is shown that Mann, together with a number of other trade union representatives, basically welcomed technological innovation as a means of reducing the physical drudgery and long hours commonly associated with nineteenth century working conditions, notwithstanding frequently found assumptions of Luddite attitudes. Some comparisons with and implications for today of these positive responses from workers in the past are suggested. 相似文献
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Barriers to innovation have mainly been studied in a single country context. This paper studies differences in the perception of innovation barriers between innovative and non-innovative firms for 18 EU countries. The countries are grouped by their distance to the technological frontier using Community Innovation Surveys for the years 2002–2004 and 2004–2006. The results show that knowledge barriers related to the availability of skilled labour, innovation partners and technological knowledge are more important for firms located in countries close to the frontier, while the opposite is true regarding the availability of external finance. Moreover, while the share of innovators decreases with the distance to the technological frontier, the share of firms not interested or in no need of innovation increases. This is consistent with the idea that as firms approach the technological frontier, they increasingly need to focus on the creation of own knowledge and the adoption of innovation-based growth strategies to stay competitive. 相似文献
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John Howells 《Research Policy》1995,24(6)
This paper argues that case studies in innovation research at the level of the firm require an explicit model of how people think and act in organisations. The ‘socio-cognitive’ approach which is outlined here combines Weick's social psychological ideas with Teece's characterisation of the firm by its technological knowledge base. It is argued that a cognitive approach accommodates the tacit nature of technological knowledge well, and that artefacts can be considered as cognitive resources. A distinction is made between the social control of production technology (the firm) and of user technology (typically the market). This distinction is used as the basis for conceptualising technological innovation as the creation by individuals within the firm of ‘cognitive ensembles’ composed of cognitive elements drawn from both the technological base of the firm and market conceptions.This focus on the process by which innovation is generated within the firm leads to a brief discussion of previous work on the creative process and the relevance of the socio-cognitive approach to macro-level studies of technological change. 相似文献
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Francesco Bogliacino 《Research Policy》2010,39(6):799-809
The relationship between innovation and employment is addressed in this article through a model and empirical test at industry level for eight European countries in 1994-2004. We investigate this relationship for manufacturing and services and propose a Revised Pavitt taxonomy (covering both of them) in order to identify specific patterns of technological change and job creation and loss. The contrasting effects of strategies of technological or cost competitiveness are investigated using innovation variables from CIS2 and CIS3. Together with demand, wages and industry dynamics, they account for changes in employees and hours worked. The diversity in these relations across industries is also explored; when the model is applied to each Revised Pavitt class, different mechanisms of technological change and effects on jobs emerge. 相似文献
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通过文献回顾,构建了集群企业网络嵌入、知识转移、知识创造与技术创新之间关系的理论模型,并以浙江杭州软件产业集群和文化创意产业集群企业为调研对象,对模型进行了检验。研究结果发现,集群企业网络嵌入对知识转移具有显著正向影响;集群企业网络嵌入对知识创造具有显著正向影响;集群企业网络嵌入并不直接影响技术创新,而是通过知识转移与知识创造间接影响技术创新;集群企业知识转移并不直接影响技术创新,而是通过知识创造的完全中介作用间接影响技术创新;加入高新技术集群类型这一控制变量后,各变量间影响关系的检验结果存在一定差异。 相似文献
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内部社会资本对技术创新的影响——知识创造的中介作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以往对社会资本的研究更多关注于外部社会资本的作用,而忽略了对内部社会资本的重视.为弥补这个研究缺陷,以北京和广州的133家企业为调查对象,以内部社会资本为自变量,对内部社会资本是否以及如何通过知识创造影响技术创新进行了实证研究.结果表明,内部社会资本对技术创新具有显著的直接影响,知识创造在此过程中起着重要的中介作用. 相似文献
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中国区域创新模式测度及其创新政策再设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于欧盟的知识差异化模型和智慧型创新政策概念，结合对中国区域创新情境的探索性应用，力图对我国区域创新政策体系再设计提供有益的经验。首先，本文回顾了欧洲学者率先提出的知识差异化模型，并对智慧型创新政策在欧盟创新区域的应用进行了翔实阐释；其次，借鉴欧洲区域创新模式分类的测量指标体系，采集客观数据，对我国31个省市（自治区）的区域创新模式进行了量化测度，运用聚类分析法划分了5种“知识差异化”区域创新模式，分别是基于科学的区域、应用型科学区域、创造性应用区域、模仿创新区域以及创新启蒙区域。最后，针对不同区域的创新知识情境及差异化知识特征，对我国区域创新政策体系再设计提出了对策性建议。 相似文献
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基于开放式创新的过程管理思想,考虑一个由知识源、知识转移中介、信息服务机构组成的闭环知识链系统,通过构建知识源领导(SL)、知识转移中介领导(OL)与信息服务机构领导(TL)等博弈模型,分析了权力结构对知识供给、转换、反馈等环节的创新绩效的影响。研究表明,掌握领导权可提高组织的知识产出、知识定价与创新利润;在创新绩效表现上,SL模式是分散决策时的最优权力结构;OL与SL模式具有同等的知识创造效率,但OL模式系统利润偏低并存在组织间的利益冲突风险;市场机遇、合作伙伴的创新能力与组织的知识创造效率正相关,弥补知识链成员创新能力的短板是提高系统创新绩效的关键。 相似文献
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面对资源环境的发展困境,基于2009—2018年我国30个省份面板数据,以产业聚集度划分区域类型,运用面板向量自回归,使用系统高斯混合模型估计、脉冲响应函数、方差分解的方法分析环境规制、技术创新与能源消耗三者之间的动态关系.结果显示:环境规制对能源消耗具有短期抑制作用,非产业聚集区域的抑制作用更加显著;技术创新对能源消耗具有抑制作用,产业聚集区域的抑制作用更加显著,非产业聚集区域在后期可能会出现能源回弹效应;环境规制对技术创新具有推动作用,非产业聚集区域的推动作用高于产业聚集区域.因此,政府应当根据区域特性制定相关政策、进行宏观环境资源调控,推动经济发展由低环境成本推动模式转变为科技创新驱动模式. 相似文献
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技术创新的社会文化实践本质与方向 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从“技术发明”到“技术创新”的概念漂移,隐含着一种技术创造观的变化。技术创新既是社会文化实践的积累,又是社会文化实践的创新。技术创新的文化发展方向应是人文化、生态化、科学化和民主化。 相似文献
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制造类大企业与技术型小企业协同价值创造策略问题存在深入探究的价值。通过调研归纳出企业协同价值创造行为过程框架,建立企业协同价值创造初始过程的策略选择两阶段Stackelberg博弈模型,通过最优化问题的求解探讨博弈主体的策略优化问题。结果表明,大企业的技术创新意向投入存在阈值,且平均机会成本对该阈值有正向影响,大企业的技术创新成本参数与技术服务合同违约金系数对创新意向投入有负向影响;大企业的技术创新意向投入、渠道概率、意向概率,以及违约金系数对小企业的技术服务营销管理投入有正向影响,平均机会成本对技术服务营销管理投入有负向影响。数值仿真分析验证了研究命题与模拟结果的一致性。 相似文献
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技术创新中的职能分工 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
技术创新过程中创新职能的分工导因于市场交易效率的改进与固定学习费用的增加。职能分工经济来源于企业对重复的固定学习费用的节约。当今全球技术创新中新趋势的出现与市场交易效率的改进导致创新职能分工不断深化,使得以技术导入为基础的创新日趋重要。 相似文献
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本文以山西省传统资源型制造企业为研究载体,从创新生态化视角,通过理论分析,提出了不同生命周期阶段企业的商业模式创新生态化（EBMI）与技术创新生态化（ETI）的匹配模式研究假设。运用匹配测度模型与GE矩阵分析相结合的方法,选取239家企业为样本数据,对假设进行了检验和讨论,结果显示：初创期或蜕变期,企业表现出新颖型EBMI与探索型ETI的最佳匹配模式;成长期表现出效率型EBMI与利用型ETI的最佳匹配模式;成熟期表现出系统型EBMI与双元型ETI的最佳匹配模式。该研究为企业在不同时期开展生态价值与经济价值协同创造的创新活动中,选择合适的创新生态化匹配模式,促进企业转型提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
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农业科技创新能力是实现农业产业技术跨越式发展,构建农业核心竞争能力的关键。本研究利用我国30个省(市、区)2008-2017年间农业科技创新的面板数据,基于改进的突变级数法的静态评价方法和基于信息集结角度的多时间段跨省区变化速度的多维动态综合评价模型分析,对我国农业科技创新能力进行研究。结果表明：农业科技创新能力较高的东部多数地区,其整体变化趋势有下降趋势;农业科技创新能力较低的西部地区,使其变化速度有明显上升趋势,且高于东部地区;江苏、安徽、陕西等省份的农业科技创新能力及变化速度均高于其他地区。 相似文献
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运用SFA修正DEA模型测度高技术产业17个子行业的创新效率.研究发现:高技术产业技术吸收阶段创新效率偏低,而易受环境影响的知识创造阶段和成果转化阶段出现了虚高情况;高技术产业创新活动中技术因素发挥主导作用,规模还可以进一步扩大;技术吸收阶段总体效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均高于知识创造阶段与成果转化阶段;外部环境对高技术产业各行业、各创新价值链阶段的影响皆存在很大差异,既会导致某些创新投入资源冗余,也会从价值链内部增进创新效率. 相似文献
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在国内国际双循环和深入实施创新驱动发展战略背景下，当前我国经济已由高速增长向高质量发展转型，良好的科技创新可以推动国家自主创新示范区经济高质量发展。文章以福厦泉国家自主创新示范区为例，选取了2016-2020年自创区内各地市级区域统计数据，在熵值法和灰色关联分析法的基础上，构建城市群型国家自主创新示范区经济高质量发展与科技创新耦合协调模型并进行实证分析。研究得出以下结论：从科技创新发展水平看，自创区的科技创新发展综合水平整体呈增长趋势，但城市间差异显著；从经济高质量发展水平看，各地市经济高质量发展水平存在较大差距；从时间趋势看，自创区科技创新与经济高质量发展耦合协调度总体呈现缓慢增长趋势；从空间格局看，耦合协调度在各地市间有所差距，厦门耦合协调度略高于福州，而泉州耦合协调度相对较低；创新发展与协调发展的关联性最强，福州的科技创新与经济高质量发展各子系统的关联性最高。最后，基于研究结论，提出针对国家自主创新示范区加强科技创新，推动经济高质量发展的政策建议。 相似文献
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绿色消费与技术创新是实现绿色发展的重要议题,其内在关联和演化机理却鲜有研究。引入演化博弈理论,构建消费者与企业之间交互过程演化模型,进行5种情形下ESS演化趋势的数值仿真模拟。研究结果表明,受有限理性、路径依赖等因素的影响,绿色消费和绿色技术创新难以自发实现良性互动而达到理想的均衡状态,博弈群体理性的塑造和完善是实现绿色发展的必然选择。研究旨在为推动二者有机耦合、协同发展提供一种新的理论视角和思维范式。 相似文献