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1.
通过对地方院校大学英语听力学习者元认知特点的调查研究,发现听力学习高效者使用元认知策略特别是监控策略的能力要高于听力学习低效者。因此,在大学英语听力元认知培训中,要加强教师示范作用,提高学生使用元认知策略尤其是监控策略的能力,达到提高听力的目的。 相似文献
2.
Metacognition, achievement goals, study strategies and academic achievement: pathways to achievement 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The purpose of this research was to develop and test a model of effective self-regulated learning. Based on effort expenditure
we discerned effective self-regulators and less effective self-regulators. The model comprised achievement goals (mastery,
performance-approach and -avoidance goals), metacognition (metacognitive knowledge, regulation and experience), study strategies
(metacognitive, deep cognitive, surface cognitive and resource management strategies) and academic achievement. The relationships
in the model were tested with controlling for intellectual ability, gender and age. The results showed that effective self-regulated
learning involved two pathways: a metacognitive and a strategy pathway. The first pathway involved a positive relationship
of mastery goals and a negative relationship of performance-avoidance goals with metacognition. Metacognition positively affected
the use of the four study strategies. The strategy pathway involved positive effects of mastery and performance-approach goals
on the use of metacognitive and deep cognitive strategies. Further, performance-approach goals positively affected the use
of surface cognitive and resource management strategies. The use of metacognitive and resource management strategies had a
positive and the use of surface cognitive strategies had a negative effect on exam scores. 相似文献
3.
Jackie Dobrovolny 《Distance Education》2006,27(2):155-170
How do adults learn from self‐paced, technology‐based corporate training, which they select based on its relevance to their current employment responsibilities? Specifically, how do adults use the following learning strategies: prior experience, reflection, metacognition, conversations, generative learning strategies, and authentic experiences? Based on a recent dissertation research investigation, the author found that learning starts with, and is sustained by, metacognition which was defined as self‐assessment and self‐correction. While learners using metacognition is by no means a new phenomenon, learners using metacognition significantly more often than other learning strategies has important implications for the design of new generations of online distance instruction. Similarly, that learners frequently use conversations to learn from self‐paced, technology‐based training strongly suggests that dialogs and discussions are important in the design of these new ways of learning. 相似文献
4.
Designing metacognitive activities that focus on both cognitive and social development is a theoretical and practical challenge.
This balanced approach to metacognition concerns itself with many aspects of student development, ranging from academic competence
to knowledge about the self-as-learner. In this article, I examine two basic approaches to supporting metacognition: (a) strategy
training and (b) creation of a supprotive social environment for metacognition. There are also two kinds of content that are
taught using these two approaches: (a) knowledge about a specific domain and (b) knowledge about the self-as-learner. These
approaches and contents have been used frequently in metacognitive interventions over the past two decades. Each offers unique
contributions to metacognitive development. However, programs that address these approaches and contents simultaneously are
rare. Maintaining the coordination, on one hand, between strategy training and creating social supports, and on the other
hand, between knowledge about the subject domain and knowledge about the self-as-learner, is a challenge for most design efforts
in metacognition. Future design issues include: (a) developing a system approach to promote coordination among these approaches
and contents; and (b) finding ways to build knowledge about the self-as-learner.
The preparation of this article was made possible by the National Academy of Education/Spencer postdoctoral fellowship, and
Small Spencer grant. The opinions expressed in the article do not necessarily reflect those of the granting agency. The author
is indebted to her colleagues, John Bransford and Dan Schwartz, for in-depth discussions about metacognitive research literature,
and is grateful for the great insights offered by Allan Collins and Barbara McCombs. Thanks also to three anonymous reviewers
for their thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this article. 相似文献
5.
Metacognition and Self-Regulated Learning Constructs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rayne A. Sperling Bruce C. Howard Richard Staley Nelson DuBois 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(2):117-139
Demographic variables, findings from the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Schraw & Dennison, 1994), the Learning Strategies Survey (Kardash & Amlund, 1991), and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, 1991), as well as accuracy ratings of test performance, were examined in 2 studies. Findings indicated convergence of self-report measures of metacognition, significant correlations between metacognition and academic monitoring, negative correlations between self-reported metacognition and accuracy ratings, and positive correlations between metacognition and strategy use and metacognition and motivation. Limitations of the studies and implications for theory development and future research are discussed. 相似文献
6.
元认知知识与英语写作 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马俊芳 《洛阳师范学院学报》2010,29(6):130-132
基于元认知理论,元认知和写作有密切的关系。由于元认知知识在元认知理论中的重要性以及便于测量的特点,英语写作元认知的实证研究主要集中在元认知知识上。在英语写作中,认知主体(即写作者)需要对自己和他人的知识进行加工,了解自我写作能力,清楚写作动机,认识写作中的问题,收集从事写作任务所需信息资料,以及对完成这一写作任务所需的努力,然后为达到写作目标采用有效的认知策略,包括组织安排文章内容、修改文章内容和形式等。这三种成分之间相互联系又相互独立,对培养学生元认知能力,提高学生英语写作水平有重要作用。 相似文献
7.
The concept of metacognition is one of the most important developments in the contemporary study of cognition, especially with regard to problem solving and the transfer of cognitive skills. Its study has followed the experimental paradigm with researchers looking for universal principles; metacognition has only a small role to play in looking for explanations of individual differences in cognition. In this paper we are attempting a theoretical analysis of a number of interrelated issues with regard to their importance for metacognition in the light of some current empirical work. It considers mainly the role of these processes in strategy selection, especially in light of the impasse‐based theories of problem solving, and explores the relationship of individual differences to metacognition. 相似文献
8.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(4):614-637
AbstractThis article focused on the concept of metacognition. Some theoretical models of metacognition were discussed to provide a general framework to understand the relationship between the different aspects or components of this phenomenon. The study also looked at five metacognitive strategies that enhance learning in schools, namely: (1) graphic organizers; (2) metacognitive scaffolding; (3) reciprocal teaching; (4) explicit instruction; and (5) collaborative learning. The work also briefly highlighted the problems of metacognitive strategies used in Nigerian schools. We noted that all learners do not engage spontaneously in metacognitive thinking unless they are explicitly encouraged to do so through carefully designed instructional activities. The study therefore recommended effective practice of scaffolded instruction on metacognitive strategies use in Nigerian schools and other countries in the world. 相似文献
9.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(2):63-70
Abstract Effective metacognition powerfully supports actioning of complex tasks. The complexity of English orthography makes mastery of reading accuracy (word identification) an extremely complex task. At‐risk readers thus are likely to benefit greatly from effective metacognition of reading accuracy. Optimal reading‐accuracy instruction involves development of conceptual, procedural and conditional knowledges, evidenced in concept and skills development, strategy usage and metacognitive actioning. It is considered likely that metacognition of reading accuracy and metacognition of cognitive processing both support reading‐accuracy mastery in children with reading disability. Student metacognition (baseline and learned) and the role of instructional scaffolding as metacognitive supports are considered integral aspects of skill mastery and generalisation. Needs for research on metacognition in reading‐accuracy development are discussed. 相似文献
10.
元认知及元认知培养对教学的启示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
元认知这一术语是在２０世纪７０年代由弗拉维尔提出的,在这以前中外历史上已有广泛的论述。弗拉维尔认为元认知的结构主要包括四个方面：一是元认知知识;二是元认知体验;三是目标或任务;四是行动或策略。要提高学生的元认知水平需从提高教师的认知水平以及学生的认知能力、动机水平、迁移策略与认知策略等方面入手。 相似文献
11.
Learning implies the learner's ability to make a series of decisions and, in particular, the capacity to assess the quality and reliability of one's own knowledge incapsu‐lated in the question: “How far do I already know the content I am supposed to learn?” The authors address the following issues: (1) Is realism in metacognition a stable trait in learners?; (2) If not, by what is it influenced?. After a short review of the literature on the topic and the examination of experimental evidence, metacognition is considered as both a style and a strategy. The need for a taxonomy of metacognitive realism is demonstrated in order to clarify the topic and to facilitate applied research. 相似文献
12.
This mixed-methods study analysed over 200 interviews from 20 seventh-grade students with learning disabilities (LD). Students were instructed how to use a note-taking intervention during science lectures. The interview analyses were supported by pre- and post-intervention quantitative data. Data suggest that the intervention helped students identify important information; systematised the process of listening to, interpreting and using that information; and offered students a means by which to organise the information they were hearing. A discussion about metacognition and attention explores how these processes altered students’ awareness of their own learning, as well as how they equipped students with a new strategy for holding onto and translating information from their science lectures into a useful set of notes. These findings have implications for how theorists conceptualise the relationship between metacognition and attention and how teachers use scaffolding to support the learning of students with LD. 相似文献
13.
Metacognition, need for cognition and use of explanations during ongoing learning and problem solving 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Savia Coutinho Katja Wiemer-Hastings John J. Skowronski M. Anne Britt 《Learning and individual differences》2005,15(4):321-337
Two studies assessed whether: (1) high levels of task-relevant metacognition would be related to good task performance; (2) some kinds of feedback (e.g., explanations) would improve task-relevant metacognition (and hence, performance) more than other kinds of feedback; and (3) some kinds of people would be more likely to seek out and use this beneficial feedback than others. Results showed that: (1) students were able to better estimate their task performance with increasing experience at the task; (2) students who provided better estimates of their task success were more successful at the task; (3) students high in need for cognition sought out problem explanations more often than students low in need for cognition; but (4) students who scored high in trait metacognition did not seek out problem explanations more often than students who scored low in trait metacognition; (5) students who were high in need for cognition performed better at the task than those who were low in need for cognition, and (6) the receipt of problem explanations was only weakly related to high levels of task performance, if at all. The implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
14.
王炤 《雁北师范学院学报》2005,21(3):30-32
文章对140名非英语专业二、三年级学生的英语元认知监控学习策略作了调查,目的是了解他们对英语元认知监控学习策略的使用情况。调查采用问卷的方式进行。结果表明他们的元认知监控策略普遍偏低,三年级学生对元认知监控策略的使用略好于二年级学生。同时,把元认知监控策略得分与学生成绩进行了相关分析,发现他们之间有较高的相关性。 相似文献
15.
Sarah M. Bonner Jennifer A. Somers Gwendelyn J. Rivera Leslie S. Keiler 《Instructional Science》2017,45(4):417-438
We investigated perceptions about learning strategy use and instructional roles among a sample of high needs adolescents (n = 230) who acted as near-peer instructional facilitators. The sample was drawn from science and mathematics classes in nonselective public secondary schools in New York City. Students participated in an inschool intervention that draws on social constructivism, theory and research on metacognition and learning strategies, role theory, and empirical findings from the peer-to-peer learning literature to promote advanced achievement among students who act as facilitators. Using a pre- and post-test single group design, we surveyed student instructional facilitators before and after program participation and related their perceptions about learning strategy use and perceptions about teaching roles to data about academic achievement. We found no survey gains in student perceptions about learning strategies or instructional roles between pre-survey (fall) and post-survey (spring). We found small but significant effects of individual perceptions about learning strategies and teaching roles on academic gains among instructional facilitators. The study also suggests that an in-school near-peer facilitated learning program can be an effective means to raise achievement in urban high schools. The study provides partial support for theories that hold that metacognition and role perceptions are involved in the academic gains of instructional facilitators, as gains in these dimensions were small compared to achievement gains. 相似文献
16.
三种学业成绩水平学生元认知、学习动机的比较 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对学业成绩优、中、差三类学生的元认知、学习动机水平进行比较发现:与学习优秀生相比,学习中等生的元认知水平明显落后,其学习动机水平则与学优生基本相当,未表现出显著偏低的态势。而学习困难生在元认知与学习动机这两因素上都显著低于学习优秀生。与学习中等生相比,学习困难学生有着与中等生较为一致的元认知水平,但学困生的学习动机水平显著偏低。这对教育的启示是:对学困生的干预补救应以激发和培养学习动机为重点,而对中等生的促进则应以元认知水平的提高为关键。 相似文献
17.
Carlo Magno 《Metacognition and Learning》2010,5(2):137-156
The study investigated the influence of metacognition on critical thinking skills. It is hypothesized in the study that critical thinking occurs when individuals use their underlying metacognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. The Metacognitive Assessment Inventory (MAI) by Schraw and Dennison (Contemporary Educational Psychology 19:460–475, 1994), which measures regulation of cognition and knowledge of cognition, and the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) with the factors inference, recognition of assumptions, deduction, interpretations, and evaluation of arguments were administered to 240 college students from different universities in the National Capital Region in the Philippines. The Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) was used to determine the effect of metacognition on critical thinking as latent variables. Two models were tested: (1) In the first model, metacognition is composed of two factors while (2) in the second model, metacognition has eight factors as they affect critical thinking. The results indicated that in both models, metacognition has a significant path to critical thinking, p?<?.05. The analysis also showed that for both metacognition and critical thinking, all underlying factors are significant. The second model had a better goodness of fit as compared with the first as shown by the RMSEA value and other fit indices. 相似文献
18.
学习策略的元认知训练对学习成绩的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
一、问题的提出学习策略与元认知是近年来教育心理学领域研究的热点问题,前者指对学习方法的选择、运用和调整,后者指对自己认知状况的认知和监控。[1](P375—377)围绕学习策略与元认知,西方教育心理学领域从20世纪80年代初兴起学习策略的元认知训练,大大促进了课堂教学的改革, 相似文献
19.
Children's Metacognition About Reading: issues in Definition,Measurement, and Instruction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Metacognition has become a popular term in theories of cognitive development and reading. What children know about the goals, tasks, and strategies of reading can influence how well they plan and monitor their own reading. Despite the appeal of metacognition and the emphasis on executive management of reading, there have been relatively few empirical studies that measure or promote children's metacognition about reading. This article briefly reviews some key studies of children's knowledge about reading and identifies some difficulties in defining and measuring metacognition. An Index of Reading Awareness (IRA) is offered as an informal assessment of metacognition derived from both theory and empirical data that can be used to measure children's understanding of reading comprehension processes. Data are presented illustrating that the instrument is sensitive to developmental and instructional differences in children's metacognition about reading. It is argued that the usefulness of the term metacognition depends on the development of both formal and informal tests of children's knowledge about reading and effective instruction that promotes metacognition. 相似文献
20.
谢维 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2008,28(2):146-147
英语口语能力的培养是大学英语教学的重点和难点,本文在介绍元认知策略的前提下,探讨当前大学英语口语教学的现状,分析如何运用元认知策略指导英语口语教学,提高学生英语口语能力。 相似文献