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1.
对欧洲学分制的概述与反思   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
欧洲学分制(ECTS)即欧洲学分积累与转移系统,由课程单元、学习负荷量、学业水平和高等教育机构的标签等重要因素构成。欧洲学分制最突出的成就是促进了欧盟国家的学生流动,进而成为推动欧洲高等教育一体化进程的重要工具。但是这一制度的实施也不可避免地引发了众多的疑问和反思。  相似文献   

2.
孙珂  王宏方 《文教资料》2008,(24):79-81
在欧洲一体化进程中.高等教育学生流动发挥着不可或缺的作用.因此欧盟及其成员国便通过一系列措施大力推进大学生流动,如制定苏格拉底一伊拉斯谟计划(SOCRATES/ERASMUS)、莱昂纳多·达·芬奇计划(LEONARDO DA VINCI),推广欧洲学分转移与积累系统(ECTS),启动博洛尼亚进程(The Bologna Pro-cess)等.研究这些举措以及欧洲学生流动与欧洲高等教育一体化的关系,有利于加深我们对欧洲学生大流动的认识,同时还可以为我国相关方面的发展带来启示.  相似文献   

3.
宗华伟 《教育》2012,(11):61
在高等教育国际化的今天,学历认可与学术流动已是世界范围内共同关注的议题。欧洲由于较早地开始了高等教育一体化的探索,研发了一套别具特色的学分体系,即欧洲学分转换与积累系统。一体化催生学分制欧洲学分制的产生和应用离不开欧洲高等教育一体化的过程。早在1979年,欧洲国家就更新了本地区的学历认可公约,用《里斯本公约》取代了上世  相似文献   

4.
1999年欧盟国家签订了博洛尼亚宣言后,面临这样一个重大的挑战:通过建立欧洲高等教育学区融合他们的高等教育体系。为了达到欧洲高等教育学区的战略目标,欧洲国家现存的高等教育体系的很多方面受到检查和修改。这些战略目标是:(1)一个可比较的高等教育学位体系;(2)一种大学研究的两个系列结构;(3)欧洲学分转换系统的执行;(4)高等教育体系的质量保证;(5)为了促进学生和学者的流动性,对人力资本的自由流动进行推广。  相似文献   

5.
欧盟“伊拉斯谟计划”及其意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
伊拉斯谟计划作为欧盟(欧共体)推动的欧洲国家间的大学生流动计划,为我们提供了了解欧洲高等教育跨国合作的一个独特视角。本文通过阐述伊拉斯谟计划的实施背景、目前情况以及相关评估,指出了欧盟在该计划之外致力于推动高等教育国际化的新举措。  相似文献   

6.
近年来,欧洲一体化进程不断加快,欧盟的国际地位、经济实力得以大大提高,但与美国相比,欧洲高等教育在国际市场上越来越缺乏竞争力。欧洲人认识到,欧洲不应只是银行的欧洲、经济的欧洲,同时也必须是知识的、文化的欧洲。2000年,欧盟首脑理事会提出,到2010年将欧洲经济建设成最具竞争力和充满活力的以知识为基础的知识经济。为了达到这一目标,欧盟成员国加强了在教育方面的合作。继法国、德国、意大利和英国四国部长共同发表索邦宣言之后,1999年6月,英、法、德、意等欧洲29个国家的教育部长会聚意大利的博洛尼亚,签署了著名的博洛尼亚(B010肿)宣言。宣言提出,到2010年,建立欧洲高等教育区,提高毕业生的就业能力,促进成员国及成员国学校之间师生的交换与流动,振兴欧洲高等教育,提高欧洲高等教育的整体竞争实力。博洛尼亚宣言对欧洲高等教育产生着深刻影响,其进程在不断加快。自签署以来,签署国已由最初的29个国家发展到现在的40个国家,其他尚未加入的欧洲国家也正拭目以待。与此同时,博洛尼亚进程也激起了世界其他地区的兴趣,特别是拉美地区,正在努力建设“欧洲一拉美高等教育合作区”。欧洲与美国、加拿大、以色列等国的学术合作也受到该进程的影响。博洛尼亚宣言提出的长远目标是建立欧洲高等教育区,具体措施包括:建立清晰的和可比较的高等教育体系;建立以两个阶段(学士一硕士)为基础的高等教育体系;建立学分认可体系;促进学生流动;加强在质量监督领域的欧洲合作等。为了实现宣言目标,为了适应不断变化的形势,签署国决定每2年举行一次部长会议,对取得的进展进行评估,并且商讨今后的行动步骤。为此,2001年3月和2003年9月签约国分别在捷克的布拉格和德国的柏林举行部长会议,对博洛尼亚宣言提出的目标和计划采取的措施加以补充。本文翻译的是2003年柏林部长会议公报,它实际上是博洛尼亚宣言的补充和延伸。  相似文献   

7.
为促进东盟国家间学生流动,推动东盟地区高等教育融合发展,东盟大学联盟参照欧洲学分转换系统开发出东盟学分转换系统.本文在回顾东盟学分转换系统的产生背景和发展历程基础上,阐述了该系统的关键构成元素、操作流程和组织架构,并分析了其存在的问题.尽管面临诸多现实困境,东盟学分转换系统依然以其透明度高、兼容性强、适用范围广等优势,吸引了东盟大学联盟成员高校的广泛参与.未来,该系统将在东盟的持续关注下得到进一步的丰富和完善,从而在东盟一体化进程中发挥更大作用.  相似文献   

8.
随着欧洲高等教育一体化进程的发展,欧洲学分转换系统应运而生。本文回顾了欧洲学分转换系统的产生背景和发展历程,阐述该系统内部学分转换的运作方式和学生交流的过程,并从中得到有利于我国学分制建立的启示:第一,我国高校应更广泛地开设可选课程,更灵活地计算学分;第二,我国国内应建立通用的学分体系;第三,学校之间应加强合作,使学分转换在国内国际得以实现。  相似文献   

9.
为应对全球化和市场经济的挑战,俄罗斯高等教育系统积极学习、借鉴欧洲高等教育发展的经验.实行欧洲学分转换系统是欧洲高等教育空间一体化建设的重要举措.本文在介绍欧洲学分转换系统基本特征的基础上,对俄罗斯利用欧洲学分转换系统改革高校教学过程组织模式的原因及措施进行了阐述.  相似文献   

10.
欧盟作为世界上具有重要影响力的区域一体化组织,在建构终身学习体系和实现跨国资历与学分互认方面走在了国际前沿。本文描述和分析欧盟搭建跨国资历框架的发展和现状,包括三方面内容:一是介绍基于欧洲高等教育和职业教育及培训的发展进程;二是描述欧洲高等教育资历框架的搭建和实施,包括欧洲高等教育三级资历框架、欧洲高等教育学分转换与积累系统,以及欧洲高等教育质量保证机制,这一框架适用于各种形式的高等教育领域;三是分析欧洲终身学习资历框架的内容和运作,包括欧洲终身学习八级资历框架、欧洲终身学习资历框架的能力指标、职业教育和培训的学分系统及学分转换,以及欧洲质量保证参照框架。作者希望,欧盟资历框架和学分互认的发展策略与经验教训,能为我国建立各级各类教育衔接和沟通的终身学习立交桥有所启发。  相似文献   

11.
欧洲高等教育区域背景下的学分互换制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
顾玲玲 《高教论坛》2007,(2):166-168
伴随着欧洲经济一体化的进程,欧洲的高等教育也日益走向联合。在建设欧洲高等教育区域的框架内,为了方便学生的流动和国际课程的发展,欧洲学分互换制扮演着重要的角色。这篇文章主要从欧洲学分互换制的演变,欧洲学分互换制的主要特征,欧洲学分互换制所需要的主要文件,欧洲学分互换制的咨询顾问,获得欧洲学分互换制认可的权利和义务,大学在欧洲学分互换制中所承担的作用,欧洲学分互换制的发展近况,以及欧洲学分互换制对我国的启示这八个部分全面介绍了欧洲学分互换制的发展状况。  相似文献   

12.
The ECTS, European Credit Transfer System, is now widely used throughout higher education institutions as it facilitates student mobility within Europe and the comparison of study programs and courses. Most European institutions provide students with the number of ECTS each course and module is worth. A full-time student needs to complete 60 ECTS per academic year, which represents about 1500 to 1800 h of study. However, there is a lack of research showing that ECTS metrics have been properly implemented in different degrees and universities. The aim of this paper is to assess the relevance of the ECTS metric as a valid indicator of students’ and courses’ workloads. Detailed workload measurements have been taken in two Spanish universities, with 250,000 work hours monitored from 1400 students. This is the first study published with such a large dataset that includes a range of simultaneous courses and throughout a whole semester. Empirical distribution functions of workload indicators have been obtained. Evidence is provided indicating that nominal ECTS credit hours may be overestimated, that the variability of student workload could be too large for ECTS to sensibly characterize course workload, and that workload statistics of courses with same nominal ECTS are generally not comparable. Although the ECTS metric conception seems to be a valid metric to facilitate mobility between different institutions and higher education systems, in practice, according to this study, it requires revision, at least in the two institutions that have been included in this study. Further studies like the present one are required to test if this is a broader problem that has implications for the comparability of degrees across Europe.  相似文献   

13.
The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) has been developed and instituted to facilitate student mobility and academic recognition. This paper presents, discuss, and illustrates the pertinence and the limitation of the current statistical distribution of the ECTS grades, and we propose an alternative way to calculate the ECTS grades attribution in order to improve the ECTS system.  相似文献   

14.
Since the European unification project started in the 1950s, rules, regulations and policies have been formulated by the European Union (and its predecessors) to facilitate the flow of products and people; those who benefited from the increasing transnational exchange urged European actors to remove remaining obstacles and further facilitate European trade and mobility. In the field of higher education and research, this transnational activity has led to the emergence of European rules, a strengthening of European institutions and the development of a European higher education and research community. In other words, it has led to the institutionalisation of the European higher education and research area (EHERA). The argument put forward in this article is that these three dimensions and the increase in transnational activity shape a dynamic process of which further integration of the EHERA is likely to be a result.  相似文献   

15.
博洛尼亚进程中的法国高等教育改革研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
博洛尼亚进程对欧洲各国,特别是以法国为代表的高等教育体制高度集权的国家产生了重要的影响.法国在博洛尼亚进程框架内进行的高等教育改革对原有的高等教育体制产生了巨大冲击.法国通过进行高等教育体制结构调整、实行欧洲学分转换系统、建立专门的质量评估机构等措施增强了大学之间的合作,推动了学生的流动性,密切了高等教育领域与社会经济部门的联系.法国这次的高等教育改革增强了高等教育体制的开放性和流动性,提高了高等教育体制对社会发展的反应能力,促进了法国高等教育质量的提高.  相似文献   

16.
欧洲学分互认体系(ECTS)于1989-1990学年开始推行。其最初目的是根据欧共体"伊拉斯莫"计划,对学生流动转学期间的学习给予认可,学生将获得经由ECTS认证的学分和一个ECTS等级,这些学分和等级可以使学生流动期间就读学校的成绩获得母校的认可。"用户手册"是欧洲学分互认体系的解释性文件。该系统的核心是,学分的授予是建立在所完成的学习任务和通过考试所获得的学习成绩上的。本演讲将详细介绍ECTS系统,以及它目前在49个国家和地区之间作为转换与累积学分体系的作用。  相似文献   

17.
秉承多元一体的理念,欧盟国家的教育通过合作项目和建立高等教育区逐渐走向一体化。欧洲的比较教育开创了世界比较教育研究领域,很早就产生了一批比较教育著名学者,对世界比较教育的发展做出了巨大贡献。欧洲比较教育学会是世界比较教育学会的创建学会之一。当然,欧盟国家的比较教育在发展过程中也遇到了一些问题,但是欧盟目前这样的多元文化的社会,比较教育对于理解不同文化以及逐渐消除种族主义和排外主义可以做出更大的贡献。  相似文献   

18.
《Higher Education Policy》2001,14(3):225-240
This article examines the impact of European integration on higher education policies of the Netherlands, Belgium/Flanders and Germany. The analysis of higher education policies in the three countries is part of a broader project, which focuses on a majority of E.U. member states. The selection of the three countries for this paper is not based on any methodological considerations. The question addressed is if higher education policies of member states are converging, diverging or not changing at all, and whether such developments are a consequence of the policies of the European Union (E.U.) or of other factors (e.g., the globalization of the market or of institutions imitating each other). A preliminary assessment leads to the conclusion that a number of important indications of convergence are present in national policy arrangements in the field of higher education (in particular student mobility and quality assurance, but less in the structure of higher education systems My attention will be focused on the structure of higher education systems, on quality assurance and on student and teacher mobility. These domains appear to cover most relevant issues pertaining to higher education policies in the European Union member states (funding of higher education is sometimes considered as a separate domain, but it can also be regarded as an element of the structure of higher education systems, while it is also related to the issue of quality assurance).). The European Union, however, does not have much legal authority in the policy sector in question. Thus, an explanation for converging national policies may lie elsewhere, in part in the concept of “institutional isomorphism”.  相似文献   

19.
The implementation within Europe of a credit system for vocational education and training known as ECVET is a European Commission priority. The potential for permeability between the ECVET and European Credit Transfer and accumulation System (ECTS) was foreseen in the Recommendation to establish ECVET in 2009, while the Bruges Communique of 2010 called for the promotion of flexible links between vocational and higher education and increased coherence between ECVET and ECTS. To this end a significant number of EU-funded projects were undertaken to explore compatibility between ECVET and ECTS. This article reviews the findings of these projects and reflects on their success in terms of achieving this policy goal. These bridging projects identified several points of compatibility between the two credit systems and produced valuable tools and frameworks to facilitate such permeability. Achieving credit equivalency between ECVET and ECTS does not appear feasible, rather the evidence points to using a learning outcomes-based equivalency framework. However, this article calls into question the sustainability of these project results with regard to the lack of success in translating these findings into practice and the lack of co-ordinated efforts to implement these findings at a national or pan European level.  相似文献   

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