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1.
The purpose of this study was to compare the contribution of two different versions of working memory to word reading and reading comprehension in relation to phonological awareness and rapid naming speed. Fifty children were administered two measures of working memory, namely an adaptation of the Daneman and Carpenter sentence span task and Sentence Question, tests of phonological awareness, rapid naming speed, word reading and reading comprehension. The results indicated that Sentence Question accounted for unique variance over and beyond the effects of Daneman and Carpenter's sentence span task, whereas the latter did not when the effects of Sentence Question were partialled out. In addition, both phonological awareness and rapid naming were accounting for unique variance beyond the effects of working memory in predicting reading. The role of working memory on reading is discussed, and future directions for research are suggested. 相似文献
2.
Marcia A. Barnes Yusra Ahmed Amy Barth David J. Francis 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2015,19(4):253-272
The integration of knowledge during reading was tested in 1,109 secondary school students. Reading times for the second sentence in a pair (Jane’s headache went away) were compared in conditions where the first sentence was either causally or temporally related to the first sentence (Jane took an aspirin vs. Jane looked for an aspirin). Mixed-effects explanatory item response models revealed that at higher comprehension levels, sentences were read more quickly in the causal condition. There were no condition-related reading time differences at lower comprehension levels. This interaction held with comprehension- and inference-related factors (working memory, word and world knowledge, and word reading efficiency) in the models. Less skilled comprehenders have difficulty in knowledge-text integration processes that facilitate sentence processing during reading. 相似文献
3.
Traditionally, working memory has been divided into two major domains: verbal and visuo-spatial. The verbal domain of working memory can be characterized either by its relationship to language or by its grounding in auditory processing. Because of this ambiguity, languages that are not auditory and vocal (i.e., signed languages) pose a challenge to this conception of working memory. We describe several experiments with deaf users of American Sign Language (ASL) that explore the extent to which the architecture of working memory is determined by the constraints of auditory and visual processing and the extent to which it is determined by the characteristics of language. Various working memory effects were investigated: phonological similarity, word length, and articulatory suppression. The pattern of evidence strongly supports the existence of a sign-based 'rehearsal loop' mechanism parallel to the speech-based rehearsal loop. However, we also discuss evidence pointing to differences between the speech loop and the sign loop from forward and backward digit span tasks with deaf and hearing subjects. Despite their similarities based on linguistic properties, the speech loop and the sign loop appear to diverge due to the differing processing demands of audition and vision. Overall, the results suggest that the architecture of working memory is shaped both by the properties of language structure and by the constraints imposed by sensorimotor modality. 相似文献
4.
The Relations Between Children’s Reading Comprehension, Working Memory, Language Skills and Components of Reading Decoding in a Normal Sample 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The primary aim of the current study was to identify the strongest independent predictors of reading comprehension using word
reading, language and memory variables in a normal sample of 180 children in grades 3–5, with a range of word reading skills.
It was hypothesized that orthographic processing, receptive vocabulary and verbal working memory would all make independent
contributions to reading comprehension. The contributions of reading speed, receptive grammatical skills, exposure to print,
visuospatial working memory and verbal learning and retrieval (a measure of longer-term retention) were also investigated.
Working memory tasks that required the processing and storage of numerical and spatial material were used. One of the numerical
working memory tasks was based on the number span task developed by Yuill, Oakhill, and Parkin British Journal of Psychology, 1989, 80, 351–361. A visuospatial equivalent of that task was developed from the forward Corsi block task [Corsi, Abstracts International, 1973, 34, 891]. The results revealed that, after controlling for age and general intellectual ability, the word reading and the language
variables had a much stronger relation with reading comprehension than the memory variables. The strongest independent predictor
of reading comprehension was orthographic processing since it captured variance in both word reading, language skills and
verbal working memory. The forward Corsi task and performance on a measure of verbal learning and retrieval each made small
independent contributions to reading comprehension but the contribution of verbal working memory was not significant. It was
concluded that tasks measuring the interplay between short-term and long-term memory, in which new information is combined
with information already stored in long-term memory, may better predict reading comprehension measured with the text available
than working memory tasks which only have a short-term memory component. 相似文献
5.
句子加工是心理语言学研究的重要内容,主要关注影响加工过程的因素。工作记忆是影响句子加工过程的重要因素之一。文章首先分析工作记忆的作用与特点,然后探讨工作记忆和工作记忆容量的个体差异对歧义句和复合句加工的影响。 相似文献
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7.
林青 《喀什师范学院学报》2011,32(5):54-55,59
焦点变式是指由于句中强调点改变而产生的语序功能变式。论文试图通过对汉维语焦点变式的分析,探讨焦点移位对语序的影响,从而发现汉维语两种语言在凸显句子焦点和配置句中语序上的差异。 相似文献
8.
In this study, we explored the relationship between beginning readers' phonological awareness and other aspects of phonological processing, specifically as manifested in short-term memory and comprehension tasks. The theoretical questions underlying the study were (a) what roles phonological processes play in children's beginning reading, from word identification through sentence comprehension, and (b) whether those roles are sufficiently related that potential difficulties at one level directly affect processing at other levels. Phonologically induced effects were observed for word-list memory and for sentence judgments for both novice readers (at the end of kindergarten) and relatively more experienced readers (end of Grades 1 and 2). For both age groups, correlational analyses revealed relationships among phonological awareness, phonological processing in list memory, and word reading. However, phonological processing in sentence comprehension was not related to other types of phonological processing. These results indicate that although phonology plays a role during comprehension, phonological processing may not be as limiting a factor in comprehension as in word reading. 相似文献
9.
篇章理解已成为心理语言学的一个重要研究领域。篇章理解的个体差异日渐引起学者的关注。篇章理解的个体差异可以从以下四个方面进行研究:字词解码水平的加工差异;句子水平上的加工差异;篇章水平上的加工差异;工作记忆容量和加工能力的差异。 相似文献
10.
两个实验采用自定步速的实验范式,通过操纵动词偏好等信息,考察工作记忆容量的差异对第二语言（英语）句子加工中动词偏好信息利用的影响。实验结果表明,工作记忆的容量在一定程度上影响第二语言学习者动词偏好信息的利用,但是这种影响是有条件的,即影响只出现在句子加工对工作记忆要求相对较低时。 相似文献
11.
Pakey Pui-man Chik Connie Suk-han Ho Pui-sze Yeung David Wai-ock Chan Kevin Kien-hoa Chung Hui Luan Lap-yan Lo Wendy Suet-yee Lau 《Reading and writing》2012,25(3):679-699
The present study examined the role of syntactic skills for reading comprehension in Chinese. Two hundred and seventy-two
Chinese children were tested on their phonological processing, orthographic, morphological, syntactic, and literacy skills
at Grades 1 and 2. Hierarchical multiple regression results showed that syntactic skills, in terms of word order, connective
usage, and knowledge of morphosyntactic structure (measured by an oral cloze task) in Grade 1, significantly predicted sentence
reading comprehension in Grade 2 after controlling for the children’s age, IQ, and word level reading-related cognitive skills
in Grade 1, and word reading in Grade 2. As in alphabetic languages, syntactic skills are essential for reading comprehension
in Chinese. The unique roles of individual syntactic skills for understanding sentences in Chinese are discussed. 相似文献
12.
赵庭弟 《通化师范学院学报》2006,27(1):116-118
一、英汉词语习惯表达顺序的对比与翻译英汉语言在某些词语的表达顺序上存在着严重不同,有的甚至会恰恰相反。所以,在英汉互译中,往往要作词序调整。(一)英语中某些合成词词序与汉语恰恰相反heart-warm ing暖人心的tough-m inded意志坚定的post-goal进球得分后的炼钢steel-m ak 相似文献
13.
Andersson U Lyxell B Rönnberg J Spens KE 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2001,6(2):103-116
This study examined the extent to which different measures of speechreading performance correlated with particular cognitive abilities in a population of hearing-impaired people. Although the three speechreading tasks (isolated word identification, sentence comprehension, and text tracking) were highly intercorrelated, they tapped different cognitive skills. In this population, younger participants were better speechreaders, and, when age was taken into account, speech tracking correlated primarily with (written) lexical decision speed. In contrast, speechreading for sentence comprehension correlated most strongly with performance on a phonological processing task (written pseudohomophone detection) but also on a span measure that may have utilized visual, nonverbal memory for letters. We discuss the implications of this pattern. 相似文献
14.
Reading,syntactic, and working memory skills of bilingual Portuguese-English Canadian children 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of the study was to examine the nature of language, memory, and reading skills of bilingual students and to determine the relationship between reading problems in English and reading problems in Portuguese. The study assessed the reading, language, and memory skills of 37 bilingual Portuguese-Canadian children, aged 9–12 years. English was their main instructional language and Portuguese was the language spoken at home. All children attended a Heritage Language Program at school where they were taught to read and write Portuguese. The children were administered word and pseudoword reading, language, and working memory tasks in English and Portuguese. The majority of the children (67%) showed at least average proficiency in both languages. The children who had low reading scores in English also had significantly lower scores on the Portuguese tasks. There was a significant relationship between the acquisition of word and pseudoword reading, working memory, and syntactic awareness skills in the two languages. The Portuguese-Canadian children who were normally achieving readers did not differ from a comparison group of monolingual English speaking normally achieving readers except that the bilingual children had significantly lower scores on the English syntactic awareness task. The bilingual reading disabled children had similar scores to the monolingual reading disabled children on word reading and working memory but lower scores on the syntactic awareness task. However, the bilingual reading disabled children had significantlyhigher scores than the monolingual English speaking reading disabled children on the English pseudoword reading test and the English spelling task, perhaps reflecting a positive transfer from the more regular grapheme phoneme conversion rules of Portuguese. In this case, bilingualism does not appear to have negative consequences for the development of reading skills. In both English and Portuguese, reading difficulties appear to be strongly related to deficits in phonological processing. 相似文献
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16.
H. Lee Swanson Cathy Lussier Michael Orosco 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2013,28(4):170-183
This study investigated the role of strategy instruction and cognitive abilities on word problem solving accuracy in children with math difficulties (MD). Elementary school children (N = 120) with and without MD were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: general‐heuristic (e.g., underline question sentence), visual‐schematic presentation (diagrams), general‐heuristic + visual‐schematic, and an untreated control. When compared to the control condition that included children with MD, an advantage at posttest was found for children with MD for the visual‐schematic‐alone condition on measures of problem solving and calculation accuracy, whereas all strategy conditions facilitated posttest performance in correctly identifying problem solving components. The results also suggested that strategy conditions drew upon different cognitive resources. The General‐heuristic condition drew primarily upon the executive component of working memory (WM), Visual‐schematic condition drew upon the visual component of WM and the combined strategies condition drew upon number processing skills. 相似文献
17.
语序是句子成分的排列次序。由于不同民族的思维方式不同,英汉两种语言的表达方式和习惯用法不同,英汉语在倒装语序和修饰语语序上存在很大的差异性。为此,在翻译中必须通过自然语序和倒装语序的互换,以及修饰语位置的转换,来实现双语的等值转换,以确保目的文本的可读性。 相似文献
18.
The role of sentence recall in reading and language skills of children with learning difficulties 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tracy Packiam Alloway Susan Elizabeth Gathercole 《Learning and individual differences》2005,15(4):271-282
The present study explores the relationship between sentence recall and reading and language skills in a group of 7–11-year-old children with learning difficulties. While recent studies have found that performance on sentence recall tasks plays a role in learning, it is possible that this contribution is a reflection of shared resources with working memory. In order to investigate whether sentence recall was uniquely associated with reading and language skills, differences associated with IQ and working memory capacity were statistically controlled. A sample of 72 children was tested on measures of verbal complex memory, verbal short-term memory, sentence recall, expressive vocabulary, verbal and performance IQ, reading and language skills. Both sentence recall and verbal complex memory shared unique links with reading skill, and sentence recall was uniquely associated with language skills. This finding indicates that resources in long-term memory also play an important diagnostic role in reading and language abilities. The implications for educational practice are discussed. 相似文献
19.
通过使用音素定位、句法更正、句子尾词记忆.单词阅读、句子理解和短文理解任务探查了初一学生英语语音意识,句法意识和工作记忆与单词阅读、句子阅读和短文阅读等不同层次阅读的关系,以及阅读水平高低不同学生在元语言意识的差异.结果发现,英语阅读水平高低两组学生在英语语音意识、句法意识和工作记忆方面有显著差异.回归分析发现,英语句法意识对不同层次阅读都具有最显著的预测作用,但英语语音意识只对短文阅读理解有显著预测作用,工作记忆对不同层次阅读的预测都不显著,表明英语句法意识是初一学生英语阅读的重要预测变量. 相似文献
20.
语言的内部生态系统由语音结构、词汇结构和句法结构（包括语义结构）组成,这些结构相互作用,相互协同,推动了语言系统的发展变化。黔西北境内诸语言（方言）以汉藏语系语言居多,其音节都可以分析为声母、韵母、声调三部分;主要语言（方言）都属于“分析语”,词分为单纯词与合成词,其中词根以单音节的为主,多音节的单纯词很少,且绝大多数音节都有意义;句子结构中,修饰语素的位置和句子成分的语序因语言（方言）不同而有所异同;由于实词词形变化不丰富,各语言（方言）主要通过词序和虚词来表达语法意义,且语义除按一定的规则整合之外,又打破常有规则,生成一些新的规则形式。 相似文献