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1.
Armin Beverungen conducts research on how universities retain their charitable status in a market environment, and on the teaching of ethics in business schools. Steffen Böhm has a particular interest in the economics and management of sustainability. He has also founded an open access journal and an open access press, MayFlyBooks. Christopher Land works on artists and the management of their creativity. 相似文献
2.
Ronald E. Rice 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):285-299
This study summarizes prior reviews of new media and Internet research, and the growth of the term Internet in academic publications and online newsgroups. It then uses semantic network analysis to summarize the interests and concepts of an interdisciplinary group of Internet researchers, as represented by session titles and paper titles and abstracts from the 2003 and 2004 Association of Internet Researchers conferences. In both years, the most frequent words appearing in the paper abstracts included Internet, online, community, social, technology, and research. The 2003 papers emphasized topics such as the social analysis/research of online/Internet communication, community, and information, with particular coverage of access, individuals, groups, digital media, culture; role and process in e-organizations; and world development. The 2004 papers emphasized topics such as access; news and social issues; the role of individuals in communities; user-based studies; usage data; and blogs, women, and search policy, among others. 相似文献
3.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):49-66
This paper explores key issues in the development of open access to research data. The use of digital means for developing, storing and manipulating data is creating a focus on ‘data-driven science’. One aspect of this focus is the development of ‘open access’ to research data. Open access to research data refers to the way in which various types of data are openly available to public and private stakeholders, user communities and citizens. Open access to research data, however, involves more than simply providing easier and wider access to data for potential user groups. The development of open access requires attention to the ways data are considered in different areas of research. We identify how open access is being unevenly developed across the research environment and the consequences this has in terms of generating data gaps. Data gaps refer to the way data becomes detached from published conclusions. To address these issues, we examine four main areas in developing open access to research data: stakeholder roles and values; technological requirements for managing and sharing data; legal and ethical regulations and procedures; institutional roles and policy frameworks. We conclude that problems of variability and consistency across the open access ecosystem need to be addressed within and between these areas to ensure that risks surrounding a data gap are managed in open access. 相似文献
4.
This article examines the digital divide in terms of access and the cultural use purposes of the Internet in Finland, the United Kingdom, and Greece. The analysis is based on data from Finnish, British, and Greek sections of Eurobarometer collected in 2013 (N = 3,009). Separate measures for class and status are applied in the analysis. The findings indicate that both access to and use of the Internet for cultural purposes are affected by a number of interdependent factors, whose effects and strengths vary significantly among the countries. 相似文献
5.
The need for quick, timely, and accurate information is critical in emergency events. During mass emergencies, people assemble information from both official and unofficial sources. As digital access expands, people will increasingly incorporate information from digital sources into decision making and assess it against the local circumstances they experience. If we extrapolate what such behavior means for the future, we can see that information management under emergency conditions will need to become increasingly socially distributed. The key question then is how to assess the quality of information: how “good” or “bad” it is; whether it is “misinformation” or “disinformation.” Borrowing from Simon's notion of satisficing, the authors argue that people's assessment of information helpfulness and credibility is a function of the “everyday analytic” skills they employ during mass emergencies. To facilitate the critical work of “everyday analysts,” we outline a research agenda for the development of analytical support tools. 相似文献
6.
Flix de Moya-Anegn Benjamín Vargas-Quesada Zaida Chinchilla-Rodriguez Elena Corera-lvarez Victor Herrero-Solana Francisco J. Munoz-Fernndez 《Information processing & management》2005,41(6):1520-1533
We propose the use of ISI-JCR categories as units of cocitation and measurement for the construction of heliocentric maps. The use of a spatial metaphor allows us to illustrate, analyze and compare domains in terms of the categories and their interconnections or links. We can also move around within the structure of these domains for further analysis, and access the documents associated to the categories and to the links that cocite or relate them. 相似文献
7.
Ethical protocols design 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matteo Turilli 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(1):49-62
The paper offers a solution to the problem of specifying computational systems that behave in accordance with a given set
of ethical principles. The proposed solution is based on the concepts of ethical requirements and ethical protocols. A new conceptual tool, called the Control Closure of an operation, is defined and used to translate ethical principles into ethical requirements and protocols. The concept
of Generalised Informational Privacy (GIP) is used as a paradigmatic example of an ethical principle. GIP is defined in such a way as to (i) discriminate specific
cases in which an individual’s GIP can be infringed without accessing the individual’s data; (ii) separate unauthorised accesses
to data that do not respect the right to GIP from access that do; and (iii) distinguish different degrees of GIP. Finally
a camera phone is used to illustrate the proposed solution. 相似文献
8.
Recently, there has been a heavy debate in the US about the government’s use of data mining in its fight against terrorism.
Privacy concerns in fact led the Congress to terminate the funding of TIA, a program for advanced information technology to
be used in the combat of terrorism. The arguments put forward in this debate, more specifically those found in the main report
and minority report by the TAPAC established by the Secretary of Defense to examine the TIA issue, will be analysed to trace
the deeper roots of this controversy. This analysis will in turn be used as a test case to examine the adequacy of the usual
theoretical frameworks for these kinds of issues, in particular the notion of privacy. Whereas the dominant theoretical framing
of the notion of privacy turns around access to information, most of the core arguments in the debate do not fit in this kind of framework. The basic disagreements in
the controversy are not about mere access, they involve both access and use. Furthermore, whereas the issue of access by itself refers to a more or less static situation, the real disagreements much
more concern the organisational dynamics of the use of information, the mechanisms in the organisation that control these
dynamics, and the awareness present within the organisation of the ‘social risks’ these dynamics represent. The bottom line
question is whether the assessment of these gives sufficient reason for trust. 相似文献
9.
ERLI was asked by the French TELECOM to develop a specific system to query the professional headings of the French Yellow Pages directory. Approximately 4 million end users now have access (via their “Minitel” terminals) to some 6 million professionals registered under 2500 different headings. (A second application has also been developed using a similar system: the Minitel Applications Directory, which gives information on all the available applications in the Minitel network.)Although the retrieval of a heading is a necessary step in accessing data, it is of no real interest to the user, who wishes only to retrieve the phone number of a given professional or tradesperson.The general aims of the Natural Language System (NLS) are to facilitate access to headings by intelligent query processing (or even to bypass completely the necessity of choosing between headings).This is done through: • The association of a specific knowledge base to the list of headings, • The construction of a “grammar” ensuring a consistent interpretation of the queries.ERLI's system is as an alternative to the existing one, which is based on a key-word indexing technique. The weaknesses and insufficiencies of such a technique are well known, especially in this context, where queries are expressed by unqualified users, who are unfamiliar with the data (i.e., the headings of the directory).Finally, it is important to note that the NLS was developed with regard to industrial considerations (in particular, the minimizing of the average processing time per query). The system is not a prototype. Extensive on-side testing is scheduled to begin in July 1988 and a complete installation will be carried out at the end of the year. 相似文献
10.
This paper examined the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and research commercialization in universities. The paper develops two types of organizational ambidexterity: structural ambidexterity and contextual ambidexterity that influence research commercialization. Through a dataset of 474 academic patent inventors in Taiwan, the results revealed structural and contextual ambidexterity factors are patenting-, licensing- and start-up-specific. Despite both types of ambidexterity are complementary in patenting and licensing, contextual ambidexterity outperform structural ambidexterity in fostering university start-up equity participation. To promote academic research commercialization, it is necessary to build up a university as a dual structural organization that allows pursuing research excellence and research commercialization at the same time. 相似文献
11.
深海极端环境塑造了特殊的生命过程,资源潜力巨大,对其探测与研究是国际地球科学前沿,但深海严苛的高压环境极大地限制了深海采样及探测技术的应用。深海原位探测技术可以在不改变被测物位置及状态的条件下,获取深海样品的组分及含量信息,因此被越来越广泛地应用到深海极端环境的研究工作中。深海极端环境原位探测技术拥有广阔的前景,但作为一种新兴的探测技术仍需解决诸多科学难题。文章总结了国际和国内深海极端环境原位探测技术的研究进展,在分析当前我国深海极端环境研究现状基础上,提出未来我国深海极端环境原位探测技术发展对策。 相似文献
12.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):497-508
This paper reviews the contribution that Prometheus has made over the past 20 years to the literature on innovation, innovation policy and technological change. I offer first a necessarily subjective view of how the research literatures of innovation and innovation policy have developed in recent decades. I then compare that account with an interpretation of the emphases and trends in the corresponding areas in Prometheus. The research literatures involved are vast, located in many specific discipline areas and cross many discipline boundaries. While my ‘home’ discipline is economics I believe much can still be learned from the flexible and imaginative use of economics to frame research inquiry in the innovation area. 相似文献
13.
Access to knowledge is increasingly the driver underpinning the globalization of research. In emerging industries, such access is often managed through alliance structures between small entrepreneurial organizations. The literature on international alliances, however, is dominated by studies of “Triad” nation partners (United States, Europe and Japan) which are often larger firms, collaborating for market access motives and usually with established technologies. In addition, prior research has concentrated on particular aspects, such as motives for, and initial circumstances of, alliance formation. Analyses of the dynamic aspects in the relationship between alliance partners are more scarce. This article describes a study of an international research alliance in which the technology is in the superconductivity industry (which itself is not conforming to traditional notions of an emergent technology), one partner is from a non-Triad nation and the primary motive for formation was access to knowledge. We argue that this study has revealed gaps in current alliance research and hypothesize how some more socially based and process-related considerations could enhance the debate on knowledge-seeking alliances. 相似文献
14.
开放存取是图书馆学情报学近年来研究的重要主题和热点，文献计量是研究图书馆学的重要方法，文章统计出近五年17种图书馆学情报学核心期刊关于开放存取栽文，分析其总发文量，年均发文量，主题研究等情况，探讨我国开放存取研究和发展动态。 相似文献
15.
Alberto Paucar-Caceres Gillian Wright 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(6):593-598
We propose a framework to reflect on the development of four information systems (IS) paradigms, arguing that this field has followed a similar path to that of Management Sciences (MS). The framework comprises four IS paradigms/discourses: (1) positivist/normative; (2) soft/interpretive; (3) critical/pluralistic; and (4) constructivist/2nd order cybernetics. The paper characterizes these approaches to IS by using four key terms: System; Organisation; Management and Information, exploring the way these concepts are perceived through the lens of the four paradigms. The paper reports on the nature of current IS trends, from an initial survey of six top IS journals identifying articles adhering to the interpretive, critical and constructivist paradigms published between 1999 and 2009. Results indicate that IS is moving towards research practice in which interpretive, critical and constructivist discourses are utilised. Implications of the proposed framework and publication trends, together with some points for further research, are offered. 相似文献
16.
Bernard J. Jansen Danielle Booth Brian Smith 《Information processing & management》2009,45(6):643-663
In this research, we investigated whether a learning process has unique information searching characteristics. The results of this research show that information searching is a learning process with unique searching characteristics specific to particular learning levels. In a laboratory experiment, we studied the searching characteristics of 72 participants engaged in 426 searching tasks. We classified the searching tasks according to Anderson and Krathwohl’s taxonomy of the cognitive learning domain. Research results indicate that applying and analyzing, the middle two of the six categories, generally take the most searching effort in terms of queries per session, topics searched per session, and total time searching. Interestingly, the lowest two learning categories, remembering and understanding, exhibit searching characteristics similar to the highest order learning categories of evaluating and creating. Our results suggest the view of Web searchers having simple information needs may be incorrect. Instead, we discovered that users applied simple searching expressions to support their higher-level information needs. It appears that searchers rely primarily on their internal knowledge for evaluating and creating information needs, using search primarily for fact checking and verification. Overall, results indicate that a learning theory may better describe the information searching process than more commonly used paradigms of decision making or problem solving. The learning style of the searcher does have some moderating effect on exhibited searching characteristics. The implication of this research is that rather than solely addressing a searcher’s expressed information need, searching systems can also address the underlying learning need of the user. 相似文献
17.
文章分析了学术论文获取面临的严峻挑战,总结了国际科技界支持公共资金资助学术论文开放出版的共识,梳理介绍了国际典型科研资助机构和教育科研机构支持开放出版的具体政策,提出中国应重点推进公共资助科研论文开放获取、建立经济高效的开放出版支持机制、继续加强支持开放存缴、加快推进图书馆文献保障机制转型发展等建议。 相似文献
18.
在建筑领域中,门禁系统的安全性要求越来越高,相关企业和学者对门禁系统安全技术的研究也越来越多,但是研究内容主要为具体的门禁技术。随着技术竞争日趋激烈,为了从战略上宏观把握技术革新的方向,企业需要开展专利战略方面的研究,而其关键就是专利分析。技术生命周期分析是专利分析的一个重要组成部分,而专利指标法和S曲线数学模型法是分析生命周期的两种重要方法。本文把专利指标法和 S曲线数学模型法结合起来,分析了门禁系统安全技术的生命周期,揭示了我国门禁系统安全技术现在的发展情况和未来的发展趋势。最后为相关企业提供了相应的专利策略。 相似文献
19.
植物资源是人类生存和发展的基础,由于人为和自然原因,植物多样性面临着严重威胁。迁地保护是解除威胁的重要方式,植物园和种质库是迁地保护的主要载体。全球植物园迁地保护了105 634种植物,约占全球植物总数的30%,并且保护了超过40%的受威胁物种;同时,全球500多座种质资源库收藏作物资源300多万份。中国的植物园迁地保护了20 000余种本土植物,约占全国总物种数的60%;国家农作物种质库和资源圃共保存种质资源50余万份。植物迁地保护机构在加强植物保护的同时,开展了大量科学研究和资源利用工作。文章在介绍植物迁地保护状况的基础上,综述了相关研究进展,提出了加强我国植物迁地保护的建议,以期促进植物多样性迁地保护和生物多样性可持续利用。 相似文献