共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
In development literature, information and communications technology (ICT) has been characterized as having the potential to enable national development. However, ICT has been conceptualized mostly as a monolithic and homogeneous entity. To a great extent, the ambiguous findings and diverse opinions on the role of ICT in national development can be attributed to this limited focus. In order to better understand the role ICT can play in national development, we believe that the ICT artifact needs to be examined in finer detail. We propose that ICT needs to be conceptualized in its many facets, perceptions, and in its manifold impact in societies. We use recent concepts from the IT literature to propose an integrative framework to study the role of ICT in development. Policymakers and donor agencies may find this framework useful in evaluating the potential impact of development interventions using ICT. 相似文献
2.
Government, major information and communications technology (ICT) companies, and educational institutions in the United Kingdom currently claim that ICT skills training offers inclusion into the new economy. We focus on a private-public training initiative and its impact on the socially excluded, specifically lone women parents. Narrative data from four United Kingdom educational sites participating in this computer network engineer training program highlight a systemic paradox: that ICT skills development initiatives designed to support lone women parents are simultaneously working in opposition to broader policy goals such as work-life balance and ironically serve to reproduce the participants' classification as socially excluded. The assumptions underpinning the model of social inclusion driving the ICT skills training course are analyzed critically using the concepts of community of practice, classificatory systems, and marginalization. Our findings suggest that ICT training courses and initiatives should be accompanied by changes in pedagogic practice that accommodate the more wide-ranging needs of those targeted for inclusion, as well as changes in employment settings. We conclude by exploring the implications of this for government policy formation, business vendor qualifications, the design of ICT skills training initiatives, and our understanding of the role of ICT skills in overcoming the digital divide. 相似文献
3.
Based on a wide-ranging literature review, we argue that the information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure has not received adequate attention for its role in the development and maintenance of industrial clusters. This article develops expectations for how firms in an industrial cluster make use of a public, broadband ICT infrastructure, particularly in support of e-commerce applications. We further address the question of whether ICT use, by enabling stronger ties to non-cluster partners, can weaken clusters. A case study of a successful biotechnology cluster in Denmark and Sweden—the Medicon Valley—is used to explore ICT use in a knowledge-intensive cluster context. We conclude that ICT use appears to strengthen rather than weaken the Medicon Valley cluster, and that firms located within a cluster appear to gain some unique advantages from their ICT usage that are not necessarily available to firms outside the cluster. 相似文献
4.
AbstractInternational Telecommunication Union’s ICT Development Index and related measures of a country’s ICT development maturity suffer from several limitations, including subjective estimation of the weights of individual indicators and sub-indices, use of inappropriate quantitative models, specification bias arising from the exclusion of potential predictors from the estimation models, and a failure to capture the disparities among different groups of countries. To overcome these problems and provide a more reliable measure of ICT development, this study develops the Modified ICT Maturity Level Index using the 2015 data of 166 countries. This index adds affordability, efficiency, and quality to the existing sub-indices of access, use, and skills. Sub-index and indicator weights are determined in an outcome-orientated way using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. We find that affordability, quality, and efficiency significantly explain the variation in the level of maturity of ICT development in addition to the previously used dimensions of International Telecommunication Union’s ICT Development Index and modified ICT Development Index (mIDI) developed by Gerpott and Ahmadi, and that their explanatory power differ by a country’s level of economic development. The new index produces significantly different country rankings. This has important implications for ICT policy priorities and provides a measure of ICT development maturity less prone to the innocent or intentional distortion of such policy priorities. 相似文献
5.
Trust has been shown to play an important role in the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) on an individual and firm level, but has received relatively little attention on a national level. In this paper we examine the impact of generalized trust, as measured by the World Value Survey, on the adoption of ICT products and related phenomena (e.g., such issues as Telecommuting and services such as E-Government Readiness), at a national level, while controlling for a nation's wealth. Because national trust levels having changed over time, we also examine how the rate of change in trust has impacted the adoption of ICT and ICT related phenomenon. Our findings provide strong empirical support for the argument that trust impacts national level adoption. The results are robust as we consider multiple variables and data sources. We also show that changes in trust rates are generally associated with corresponding changes in ICT adoptions. 相似文献
6.
教育信息化评估体系对于促进教育信息化发展起着非常重要的作用,然而目前大部分评估体系都存在缺乏定位性和建议性的问题。这些问题可以通过在评估体系中引入信息化发展阶段论的方式解决。本文首先对国内外现存教育信息化评估体系进行了总结,然后介绍了国外3个比较有影响的信息化发展阶段模型,最后以联合国教科文组织亚太地区教育信息化评估体系为例,探讨了将信息化发展阶段论与教育信息化评估体系相结合的具体问题。 相似文献
7.
基于国际电信联盟（ITU）曾经使用的信息通信技术发展指数（旧IDI），提出改进的信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（新IDI）。2007年以来，金砖五国信息化和数字经济水平均有较大提升，其中四国的信息通信技术（ICT）/数字化发展水平已达到或接近G20国家中等水平。金砖五国中，俄罗斯ICT接入指数最高，中国、南非和印度ICT接入情况得到了明显改善；中国ICT应用指数增长近3倍，其他四国也在ICT应用领域得到显著提高；在ICT技能上，俄罗斯、中国与南非已有超过90%、巴西为超过85%的国民拥有互联网上交流和使用的条件；总体看来，俄罗斯相关发展水平长期领先，中国、巴西与南非居中，印度与其他四国有一定差距。相比2007年，金砖国家平均信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（IDI）水平在2020年时和G20平均水平的差距已大幅缩小，主要得益于其网络建设和普及。分析表明，IDI与各国在信息通信领域发表的SCI论文数和WOS中的非SCI论文数（不考虑2020年）存在正相关，中国以及巴俄印三国（不考虑2020年）专利数量与IDI指数之间具有一定的正相关，巴西、俄罗斯、南非三国的IDI与本国人均生产总值的关联度不显... 相似文献
8.
Research linking corruption and e-government maturity has mainly focused on the impact of e-government on corruption, and a vast majority of studies among them indicate that e-government can effectively lower the level of corruption in a country. As opposed to this well-developed stream of research, we explore and contribute to another potential but under-developed stream of research: the impact of corruption on e-government maturity. Drawing on the institutional perspective to construe corruption, we argue that corruption in three basic national institutions (political, legal, and media) and two national stakeholder service systems (business and citizen systems) in a country can hinder its e-government maturity. Specifically, we propose a holistic framework that conceptualizes the negative influence of corruption in national institutions and national stakeholder service systems on e-government maturity by drawing on five key theoretical perspectives—agency theory, control theory, theory of X-inefficiency, rent-seeking theory, and trust in institutions—grounded in corruption and information systems project management literature. The proposed conceptual framework is expected to (1) guide future empirical research on “corruption–e-government” phenomenon by providing rich theoretical explanations; and (2) offer a comprehensive strategy for practitioners and policymakers dealing with e-government projects and initiatives. 相似文献
9.
陈平 《科学学与科学技术管理》2006,27(6):105-110
以色列信息产业近年来取得了举世瞩目的发展,成为后起国家发展高技术产业的成功范例.从产业集群的崭新视角出发,由以色列发展信息产业的比较优势入手,深入分析了其信息产业集群的发展历程、内部积累因素和外部催化因素,对我国发展信息产业提出了建议. 相似文献
10.
Information and communication technology is regarded as a critical means of addressing rural problems of information deficiency, ineffective communication and emotional disconnection. Most studies on information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) can be categorized as a top-down development approach and are often theoretical research or case studies conducted using qualitative methods. In this study, we discuss a new phenomenon of citizen-led information practices in rural areas driven by the rural community and its citizens. By employing a mixed-method approach combining case studies and social network analysis (SNA), we explore how ICT4D can be achieved through citizen-led information practices. This study makes theoretical contributions to the study of ICT4D and information practices as well as the mixed-method approach, which deepen our understanding of the citizen-led information practices of ICT4D. This study also provides practical suggestions to the governments, enterprises, social organizations and rural communities in ICT4D practices and ICT function design. 相似文献
11.
ICT（Information Communication Technology,信息通信技术）作为芬兰国家创新体系里支柱产业中重要技术之一,极大地促进了芬兰的信息化进程。芬兰ICT创新网络的空间分布分为3个圈层,通过分析圈层的结构、特点及发展轨迹,总结出芬兰ICT创新网络空间分布将发生的根本性转变和更为多样的特点,把握这些特点以期对构建我国的创新体系有所借鉴。 相似文献
12.
Andrew Tylecote 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):858-868
A techno-economic paradigm embraces a whole constellation of technically and economically interrelated innovations and influences most industries and an entire phase of economic development. Its full potential to drive and shape economic growth can only be realized after far-reaching reforms have been made in the “socio-institutional frameworks” of major economies and the world economy. In close association with ICT, biotechnology – or the trio of biotechnologies: red (biomedicine), green (plant breeding) and white (industrial) – is now capable of such a role, although the necessary reforms remain to be made. This paper shows how far and in what sense it has reached technological maturity, and what “mismatches” between it and the socio-institutional framework are obstructing its further development and diffusion. It argues that biotechnology (green and white) is needed to play a key role in the struggle against climate change – which in turn can be expected to draw out its potential. 相似文献
13.
14.
基于协整分析的我国ICT产业国际竞争力影响因素实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国信息通信技术(ICT)产业在经济转型过程中发挥着重要的作用,在国际上的竞争力也在不断增强。在我国ICT产业国际竞争力现状分析的基础上,利用协整检验分析ICT产业国际竞争力影响因素的作用强度及性质,探讨影响竞争力表现的深层次原因。实证结果显示,技术创新因素对ICT产业国际竞争力的正向影响作用最大,企业数量、外商直接投资对ICT产业国际竞争力起到不同程度的负向作用。 相似文献
15.
近年来,ICT产业标准必要专利挟持的情况在我国不断出现,对标准必要专利挟制采取何种强度的规制,是进行具体法律规制建议的基础和起点。规制强度的确定,可以为具体的标准必要专利法律规制提供价值导向和参考。在选择规制强度的时候,应该分析以下因素：我国ICT企业标准必要专利的国际竞争力状况,ICT产业标准必要专利的自身特点,欧美对ICT产业标准必要专利挟持的法律规制强度状况等。基于对上述因素的分析,建议我国对ICT产业标准必要专利挟持的规制采取较高强度。较高强度的规制有利于减少标准必要专利挟持的发生,有利于维护我国ICT企业的利益,有利于保护公共利益。 相似文献
16.
Keld Laursen 《Research Policy》2010,39(5):687-697
This paper investigates the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) related knowledge flows for international market shares. Using bibliometric data on scientific publications, we analyse the relationship between the strength of 14 OECD countries in four ICT-related scientific fields and the ability of those countries to maintain and acquire export market shares in the OECD market, across 16 manufacturing industries over the period 1981-2003. We find that domestic and foreign ICT-related scientific knowledge flows have a positive and significant impact on export market shares in ICT industries, while only domestic flows positively affect export shares in non-ICT industries. We also find that small open economies benefit more than other countries from foreign knowledge flows both in ICT and in non-ICT industries. 相似文献
17.
技术收敛表现为技术的逆-多样化发展,本文在分析技术收敛与技术多样化的创新效应及其与经济增长关系的基础上,利用Shannon-Wiener指数和网络图形分析法分别对我国ICT领域的技术多样化与技术收敛进行了实证分析。结论表明,总体而言ICT领域中电信和其他ICT领域的技术多样化程度最高,但从动态角度看,计算机、办公器械领域的技术多样化最高且波动性较大;在技术收敛方面,H04L、G06F、H04B、H04M、H04Q、H04N、G01S、G08C和H01L在ICT领域出现了产业内的技术收敛,而H05K在ICT领域出现了产业间的技术收敛。实证结果也表明了电信领域是最易产生技术收敛的领域,因此电信领域的技术研发对其他领域的发展具有巨大的促进作用,企业应尽可能地关注电信领域的技术研发动向,寻找技术的契合点。 相似文献
18.
在发达国家特别是在美国,国家实验室以及类似的公共创新平台经历了长期的发展,在整个科技创新体系和创新生态中一直扮演着十分重要的角色。本文以技术转移效率理论作为分析框架,分析了当前国家实验室技术转移研究的进展,对国家实验室技术转移的各个模式进行了分类及评价。另外,在现有文献综述的基础上,本文还梳理总结了可能影响国家实验室技术转移的因素,并归纳梳理了国家实验室技术转移的影响因素与不同转移模式之间存在的关联,从而为指导下一步研究奠定了基础。最后,本文总结我国需要推进国家实验室技术转移的实证研究,并且指出价值网络扩散会是国家实验室技术转移模式的未来发展方向,需要进一步关注。 相似文献
19.