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2001-2009年我国高等教育经费来源结构及其变动分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2001-2009年,我国普通高等教育经费来源结构的变动,更多地体现为对我国市场经济改革的一种回应。它主要表现为:财政性教育经费的比重自2001年起逐年下降,至2008年起又开始回升;多渠道筹措教育经费的局面仍不明朗。在此期间,高校财政收入的增长率低于非财政收入的增长率,整个高等教育的财政结构仍然呈现出以财政拨款和学杂费为主的二元化格局,而其中的学杂费所占比例更是逐年攀高。教育经费来源多元化的目标尚未真正实现。 相似文献
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20世纪90年代中后期我国普通高等教育经费来源结构的变动 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
从1994—2001年我国普通高等教育经费来源结构的变化趋势看,这一时期高等教育经费来源多元化的目标尚未真正实现,且财政预算内教育拨款和学杂费呈现此消彼长的二元化趋势。中央和地方属高校在经费来源结构与生均教育经费支出上的差异表明,教育经费向中央属高校进行一定程度的倾斜具有现实必要性,但必须兼顾公平原则,保证中央和地方属高校能够协调发展。 相似文献
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发达国家在经历高等教育大众化以后,高等教育经费的来源结构显示出一些特征,如财政拨款向科研倾斜、学杂费收入比重基本稳定、高校销售及服务收入稳步上升等.相比之下,我国高等教育经费来源中存在着财政性经费保障力度仍需加强、居民学杂费负担过重等问题.基本对策是:保障和引导财政性经费投入,控制并分类制定学杂费标准,提高高校销售与服务收入获得能力,完善社会捐资助学机制. 相似文献
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李俊 《江苏经贸职业技术学院学报》2009,(5):21-23,51
国家财政预算内拨款仍是我国高等教育经费的主要来源,但正在逐年下降。与此同时,非财政性教育经费占总经费的比例越来越大。在非财政性经费来源中,事业收入是主要渠道。1999年普通高校开始的大规模扩招没带来充足的教育经费供给,加之财政不堪重负,导致了生均预算内事业费明显下降。从高校生均事业费指数可以看出,我国近些年来为提高资源使用效率而采取的一系列举措,取得了显著成效。 相似文献
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高等教育对经费需求的迅猛增长使得政府与个人分担高等教育经费的比例发生较大变化,使得在现有经济发展水平上家庭承担了过高的教育经费支出,高等教育发展中的一些偏差加剧了高等教育经费供求矛盾.确立符合中国实际的高等教育发展观,建立现代大学制度,增加政府的教育经费投入,加强高等教育经费管理是解决当前问题的现实途径. 相似文献
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公立高等教育筹资市场化:国际比较的观点 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
高等教育筹资市场化是指大学在市场经济条件下,依据市场经济运行的机制和规律,重构其筹资模式、运行机制和控制体系的过程。公立高等教育筹资市场化是当代国际高等教育筹资发展的基本趋势。从国际比较的观点出发,公立高等教育筹资市场化的主要表现形式有国家拨款的市场化倾向、社会力量投资、高校创收、贷款、收取学费等。面对市场化的两难选择,国际高等教育筹资都遵循一个基本的原则,就是兼顾公平与效率、公益与市场之间的合理平衡。 相似文献
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Leslie Wagner 《Higher Education Quarterly》1998,52(1):64-76
The Dearing Report's most substantial and rigorous piece of work on funding has been rendered irrelevant by the government's decision to adopt a different approach which Dearing had not considered. Much time, effort and money could have been saved if the government had made its objectives clear before the Report was finalised rather than on the day it was published.
Yet the Dearing chapters on funding are not wasted because they provide the case for a student contribution to tuition costs on the grounds of equity. These arguments are examined and supported in the paper. The Report is criticised for missing the opportunity to argue for credit-based funding in relation to both the public and student contributions.
The reasons for the government preferring its particular mix of means-tested fee and loan instead of means-tested maintenance grant are explained in terms of its political objectives. The effect of the government's proposals is that no student or parent pays more now for higher education than under existing arrangements. The extra private costs are incurred by graduates in repaying their additional loans out of their future income.
Finally, the misplaced emphasis on dealing with the full-time student funding problem led the Committee to give insufficient attention to other students. The adoption of a genuine lifelong learning model of higher education might have generated more relevant proposals not only on funding but elsewhere. 相似文献
Yet the Dearing chapters on funding are not wasted because they provide the case for a student contribution to tuition costs on the grounds of equity. These arguments are examined and supported in the paper. The Report is criticised for missing the opportunity to argue for credit-based funding in relation to both the public and student contributions.
The reasons for the government preferring its particular mix of means-tested fee and loan instead of means-tested maintenance grant are explained in terms of its political objectives. The effect of the government's proposals is that no student or parent pays more now for higher education than under existing arrangements. The extra private costs are incurred by graduates in repaying their additional loans out of their future income.
Finally, the misplaced emphasis on dealing with the full-time student funding problem led the Committee to give insufficient attention to other students. The adoption of a genuine lifelong learning model of higher education might have generated more relevant proposals not only on funding but elsewhere. 相似文献
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俄罗斯公立高等教育经费多元化改革实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
苏联高等教育经费模式被学者普遍认为是纯粹的由国家包办的官僚控制模式的典型代表。苏联解体以后的二十年来,由于经费的急剧短缺,俄罗斯高等教育领域进行了经费多元化改革。联邦政府的市场方式拨款、地方政府加大的成本分担、学生学费的缴纳、高等学校的企业性活动以及国内外社会的捐赠资助成为俄罗斯高等教育经费的多种来源。 相似文献
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英国高等教育的投资机制及启示 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
周倩 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2005,9(3):13-15
尽管英国对高等教育的投资每年都在增长,但是每个学生的公共经费却在下降。为了满足扩大招生规模、确保教学科研质量、保持国际竞争力的国家目标,英国政府采取了一系列措施,包括修改法律,改善融资渠道等,来保证教学、科研等经费的足额到位。 相似文献
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Carlo Salerno 《Higher Education》2004,48(1):101-130
A rich body of literature has emerged that seeks to shed further light on how concepts like globalization and internationalization shape higher education systems and their institutions. This paper examines how the rise of private higher education in various national contexts has engendered global patterns of public financial support for private institutions and particularly the various ways in which public funding is channeled to such providers. A cross-national typology of public/private higher education sectors and a system-level map of how public funding is directed to institutions are both used to explain why different patterns may emerge. This framework is then used to examine the policies and practices in four representative systems: England, Germany, New Zealand, and the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. The available evidence suggests that in systems with weak or newly emerging private sectors, unclear regulations and concerns about quality implies that public funding tends to be channeled into private institutions indirectly (e.g. through tax-abatements and student financial aid). In systems where private institutions play a more substantial role, public funding is channeled to privates using a mix of indirect and direct mechanisms. 相似文献
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This study examines the pass-through rate of changes in public funding to tuition and fees paid by students. Using an instrumental variable-fixed effects identification strategy, I estimate that a $1000 per student decrease in funding leads to the typical student paying $257 more each year in costs, with. However, both the pass-through rate and the proportion of tuition increases which can be explained by state divestment have increased over time. The pass-through rate increased from 10.3% prior to the year 2000 to 31.8% post-2000. I outline several avenues of future research which should be pursued in order to more fully understand which students shoulder the burden of reductions in public support. 相似文献
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高等教育学费二元结构是公办和民办高校产权差异和学费制度差异的反映。公共财政不足造成了公办和民办高等教育的二元规制、市场的二元分割和市场功能定位的分化。这导致学费定价中政府与市场的边界不清、公办和民办高等教育学费标准的差异与质量的差异不对称、个人投资收益率的差异扩大、学费的资源配置功能弱化。“效率优先,兼顾公平”是其指导思想,其不利于先天禀赋不足的学生,其社会福利效应逐渐降低。在公共财政能力已经增强,高等教育已经大众化的背景下,应该取消对公办和民办高等教育的二元规制,加大民办高等教育的财政投入,提高民办高等教育的质量,加强民办高等教育的学生资助,消除高等教育学费二元结构的不利影响。 相似文献
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民办高校现已成为我国高等教育体系的重要组成部分,对民办高校进行财政资助是促进其发展的重要举措。基于历史制度主义的分析视角发现,自改革开放以来,我国民办高校财政资助制度历经初步形成、法制化建设、多样化发展以及差别化扶持四个阶段,其制度变迁深受宏观制度环境、民办高校发展受重视程度以及财政资助目标转变的影响,变迁过程中存在路径依赖现象,在整体上呈现出以诱致性变迁为主、强制性变迁为辅的变迁逻辑。后续民办高校财政资助制度的发展,将注重经费投入增加与支出结构优化相协调、充分体现财政杠杆的三重作用、平衡好财政资助的效率与公平。 相似文献
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我国高等教育学费制度存在着缺乏必要的成本约束机制、无法体现不同学校或专业间的收益差异、实行"一刀切"的学费模式、政府投资不足、学生机会成本受到忽视等问题。鉴于此,我国高等教育学费制度应当确定合理的学费标准和定价周期,加大财政对教育的拨款,完善奖学金及助学贷款制度,国家坚持对经济落后地区的投资倾斜政策,建立高等教育成本核算与控制评价制度。 相似文献
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美日中私立(民办)高等教育发展的政府经费资助之比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
美、日、中三国的私立(民办)高等教育有着不同的发展道路,在各国资助政策框架下政府经费资助状况各异.本文通过一系列数据分析,比较分析了三个国家政府经费资助在私立(民办)高等学校经费来源结构中的比例及其资助经费的特征,指出我国政府在民办高等教育发展过程中应该建立一个稳定的资助体系,并将竞争性与非竞争性资助相结合,通过政府的资助政策介入来平衡当前民办高等教育发展过程中过于强大的市场力量. 相似文献