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学习障碍学生社会技能迁移及其干预 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
学习障碍学生的社会技能缺失主要表现在社会认知、判断力、情感识别能力、社会成熟、社会交往活动频率、人际排斥及社会技能迁移等方面,这些社会技能缺乏的表现可归为四种基本类型.学习障碍学生的社会技能干预模式主要包括直接教学形式和策略教学模式.教育者可根据社会技能缺失的类型和特点设计社会技能训练过程,并采取不同的干预方法对学习障碍学生进行干预. 相似文献
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通过对比分析有关智力障碍者(简称智障者)膝关节等动肌力测试的大量文献资料,对智障者膝关节等动肌力特征进行综述.结果显示,智障者膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩(PT)、相对峰力矩(PT/BM)、平均功率(AP)、相对平均功率(AP/BM)、膝屈伸肌峰力矩比值(F/E)等参数与健康人存在明显差异.智障者膝关节力量显著低于健康人,而唐氏智障者下肢力量较普通智障者更为薄弱.系统训练可在一定程度上增强智障者下肢力量,但经过训练的智障者下肢肌力仍低于健康对照人群. 相似文献
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近些年来,女性智障者遭受性侵害问题已经引起世界各国的普遍关注.文章分析了女性智障者遭受性侵害的特点、性侵害对女性智障者的影响以及性侵害的预防与干预,并对女性智障者性侵害的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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陶行知生活教育理论对我国启智生态课程的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陶行知生活教育理论对我国智障者生态课程有很大的启示作用.本文主要介绍了陶行知的"生活即教育"、"社会即学校"和"教学做合一"的生活教育理论,及其对我国生态课程中智障者同学校、社区和家庭的密切关系. 相似文献
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智力障碍者生活质量已成为国际社会研究的热点之一。我们对中国智力障碍者生活质量进行了跨文化研究。前期研究确定中国智力障碍者生活质量有七个主要成分,本次研究是对前期研究的深入。本次研究有以下新发现,智障者本人与家长和教师在对智障者生活质量核心指标方面有较大差异,智障者本人在生活质量方面反映出7个指标、家长在对智障者生活质量方面反映5个核心指标、教师在对智障者生活质量方面反映3个核心指标,智障者本人、家长和教师都认为健康是智障者生活质量中最重要的指标。研究结果给我们的重要启示是:以人为本,尊重智力障碍者的自身愿望,充分了解他们的需求,是提高他们的生活质量的重要前提。 相似文献
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从 2 0世纪 80年代中期以来 ,人们开始关注成人 (主要是青年期个体 )的社会技能问题。成人教育研究者发现在成人学习过程中 ,社会技能缺乏对成人学习的影响同样是十分显著的。成人学习者的社会技能培养开始成为成人教育的重要工作。本文对成人社会技能缺乏的表现、产生原因、社会技能缺乏对学习活动的影响以及成人教育应如何进行社会技能训练等问题进行了简要阐述。一、社会技能缺乏的表现与产生原因社会技能是个体在特定社会情境中与他人进行社会交往的能力 ,是在社会交往活动中表现出来的心理品质 ,包括倾听的技能、言语交往技能、非言语… 相似文献
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对他人面部表情的识别是一种重要的心理能力和社交技巧。自闭症儿童在识别他人面部表情时有一定困难,影响了他们的社会交往,因而对自闭症儿童面部表情识别的干预非常必要。通过对自闭症儿童面部表情识别干预的已有研究进行梳理分析,总结了两大类干预方法:一是社会技能课程干预技术,即将面部表情识别作为社交技能的一部分,通过社交技能训练课程,如角色扮演游戏,改善自闭症面部表情识别能力;二是情绪识别干预技术,即设计专门的情绪识别课程或软件改善自闭症儿童面部表情识别能力。最后指出已有研究存在的问题及其发展趋势。 相似文献
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Malka Margalit 《Exceptionality》2013,21(4):231-235
This investigation reports the current status of 10 adults with mental retardation who at one time had been institutionalized in either a state-owned facility or a 60-bed, community-based, intermediate-care facility for individuals with develop- mental disabilities. These individuals, who were 19 to 53 years old in 1979, were interviewed and assessed in 1979 and again in 1992. During the intervening 13 years, their lives had been stable and satisfying by their own reports and the reports of their case managers. Their claims of satisfaction with rules and supervision increased significantly. Their claimed satisfaction also rose, although not significantly, regarding food, leisure, and learning. Case managers reported moderate satisfaction with their clients' competence in the areas of travel and social skills. Case managers' predictions of continued placement success, although generally positive, dropped significantly from 1979 to 1992 in the areas of homemaking, money management, and competitive employment. All things considered, it appears that the optimism expressed during the early months of placement in 1979 was fully justified and, with realistic qualifications, remains sustained 13 years later. 相似文献
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This phase II trial evaluated psychosocial and health outcomes of an intervention designed to improve emotion regulation skills in adults suffering from Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). The study utilized a pretest-posttest design in which 92 adults enrolled in the community-based program completed pretest measures, attended either a faith-based or secular version of the 12-week ACE Overcomers program, and then completed posttest measures. The theory-guided program involved group sessions providing education and skills training to improve emotion regulation, self-awareness, resilience, and social functioning. Pretest and posttest surveys included measures of emotional regulation (suppression, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness), resilience (ego resilience and general self-efficacy), emotional experiences (perceived stress, moods, and depressive symptoms), quality of life (the SF-36 domains), and physical symptoms and illness (symptom load and sick days). Analyses revealed significant improvements from pretest to posttest in all facets of emotion regulation (p < .01), psychological resilience (p < .001), mental well-being (p < .001) and physical symptoms and illness (p < .001), and in specific facets of quality of life (p < .001). The faith-based and secular versions of the program yielded comparable improvements in well-being. Improvements were comparable for older versus younger participants, except that younger participants reported greater improvements in perceived stress (p < .05). These preliminary findings support the application of an emotion regulation perspective to interventions for adults with high ACEs. The study, with its single-group design, represents a promising step in the translational research pathway and provides support for further studies utilizing comparison groups. 相似文献
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Malka Margalit 《Exceptionality》2013,21(4):195-204
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the “I Found a Solution” computer‐assisted social skills intervention program on students with mild mental retardation. Teachers randomly divided students from two Israeli special schools (58 males, 29 females; aged 10.6 to 17.11 years) into an experimental and a control group. Teachers trained the experimental group using a social skills package including computerized social conflict scenarios and adventure games, group discussions, and homework tasks. Within the same time frame, teachers trained the control group to use various academic computer software programs. Following the intervention process, the research team collected information on students' self‐reported social skills and teachers' ratings of the students' adaptive classroom behavior. The experimental group performed significantly better than controls on posttest criteria. Teachers rated trained students as demonstrating better task orientation and less aggression and behavior difficulties. On subjective self‐reports, trained students reported more cooperation and assertion than the control group, but self‐control and empathy measures did not differentiate between groups. The use of a naturalistic mini‐environment for experimenting and rehearsing effective social strategies appears promising but requires further exploration. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to evaluate an intervention model for computer‐assisted social skills learning. The integration of technology enables experimentations within a controlled, structured, and easily changeable mini‐environment, emphasising four critical aspects of social learning: active learning, controlled and fluent processing, structure and schema organization and strategy training. Twelve adolescents with mild retardation and social difficulties were trained on “I Have a Problem” social conflict scenarios, integrating the software with strategy training. The results demonstrated that the children increased their understanding of the social conflict situations as expressed on the software measures and on paper and pencil questionnaires. Three case studies were provided to demonstrate the students’ individual learning styles, assessed through students’ reports and teachers’ ratings. 相似文献
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Laird W. Heal Patricia Gonzalez Frank R. Rusch Janell I. Copher Lizanne DeStefano 《Exceptionality》2013,21(3):181-195
Abstract We compared 54 matched pairs of high school students and young adults with mental retardation. One member of each pair had remained successfully employed for 10 or more hours per week at minimum wage or better for at least 6 months, and the other had not. Placement counselors, trainers, or supervisors completed case study questionnaires about their students (or clients). The results indicated successful placements in a variety of positions and communities across the nation. The most important elements contributing to this success are placement agency follow‐up support; home support; the individual's job skills, social ability, and match to job demands; the creativity and persistence of the placement specialist; incentive to employers (e.g., tax credits and employment subsidies) and employer's support of the placement. 相似文献
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Keith C. Radley William R. Jenson Elaine Clark Robert E. O'Neill 《Psychology in the schools》2014,51(3):241-255
Due to impairments in social interactions and communication, children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a need for effective social skills training programs. However, many programs fail due to a lack of acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of target skills. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of a parent‐facilitated social skills training program, designed to overcome the shortcomings of acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of other programs for children with ASD. Participants in the current study included 5 children with ASD and their parents, recruited from a western state. This study expands previous research by training parents in implementation of a social skills training program comprising several evidence‐based practices. The results of the parent‐facilitated intervention are provided, and implications for practice and future research are discussed. 相似文献
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注意缺陷多动障碍儿童在社交方面存在显著困难,教育干预对其提高人际交往技能和社会适应性具有显著作用.该领域的研究主要集中在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童社交问题的家庭干预、群体干预、综合干预方面.后继研究应扩大研究对象的类型,进一步提高干预的可迁移性. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a disabling, deadly disease, affecting one in five of adults over 65. Unfortunately, for the few elders that receive diabetes self-care training it is often taught using traditional didactic methods that are insensitive to their unique needs and immersed in the traditional medical paradigm. Integrating diabetes self-care into daily living demands more than knowledge acquisition and skill mastery; it requires acceptance of the disease, motivation for change, instrumental and emotional support, general problem-solving skills, and control over one's life – empowerment. This project sought to develop and pilot-test a peer-led, community-based, self-help intervention for elders with diabetes—the Diabetes Club. The intervention targeted diabetes self-efficacy, seeking to empower elders then increase diabetes self-care behavior targets, resulting in improved glycemic control. Club members and social workers collectively developed, implemented, tested intervention protocols, detailed in this paper with additional materials available on a dedicated website. Albeit over a short time period, findings showed significant improvements in diabetes self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and reduction of glycosolated hemoglobin (A1C). The results are promising, demonstrating the benefits of social-work involvement in diabetes and the potential of elders helping themselves and each other. 相似文献
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良好的沟通能力是大学生立足于社会的必备条件,直接影响其生活和工作态度,成为他们就业和职业发展的重要因素。沟通能力是可以通过后天环境因素改变和提升的。高校课堂独特的沟通形式、内容、规律和方法,有利于大学生沟通能力的培养,对于提高大学生的沟通能力具有其他平台不可替代的优势。将培养学生的沟通能力与课堂教学有机融合起来,在传授专业知识的同时,注重挖掘和发展学生的沟通潜能,全方位提高学生的综合素质,可以使学生在激烈的社会竞争中具备较强的生存能力,满足个人、国家和社会的共同需求。 相似文献