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1.
略论清政府经营轮船招商局的成败   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近代中国的航运业是被迫开放的最早行业之一,也正是在这个行业,清政府比较成功地利用了资本主义国家资本输出在客观上提供的有利条件,借鉴了先进的生产工具和经营管理方式,创办了中国第一个民用企业轮船招商局,招商局从成立伊始就是为外资航运业的对立面出现的,在洋务派的扶持和保护下,轮船招商局采取切可行的措施,努力扩充自己的力量,积极参与国际竞争,并取得了一定的成绩。但封建的清政府终究不能使它在竞争取得彻底的胜利。  相似文献   

2.
洋务运动发端于19世纪60年代,前后延续了30多年。不仅创办了军事工业,而且创办了民用工业,轮船招商局是其中一项。招商局是洋务运动由单纯经营军事工业转办民用企业,由官办转向官督商办的第一家企业,是兴办中国近代民用企业的先河,它的创办对于发展近代中国的民族资本主义的确起到了重要的历史作用。 第一,轮船招商局的创办和经营活动打破了外国轮船公司对中国航运业的垄断地位。 1874年,轮船招商局刚刚开办不久,它倾其全力也只能开动4艘轮船(总计2435吨),到1876年的时候,它就已拥有了17艘轮船(总计11706吨)(刘广  相似文献   

3.
由清廷洋务派首领李鸿章等人于1872年12月创办的轮船招商局,是中国近代历时最久、规模最大的民族航运企业,它对中国近现代民族航运业乃至一批中国近代企业的发展都起到了重大带动作用.轮船招商局将活动范围逐步扩大到许多经济领域,在中国近代经济史上写下了令人瞩目的一页.容闳是洋务派官员倚重的人才,他所具有的异人的秉赋、可贵的报国情怀、西方文化背景素养、人脉关系以及商战实践能力,使他有非同一般的见解.容闳所撰的关于创办轮船公司的建议、制定的<联设新轮船公司章程>,在很大程度上影响了轮船招商局的创办者.从这个层面上说,客闳是创办轮船招商局的首倡者.  相似文献   

4.
从轮船招商局看中国近代股份制的兴起   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
股份制最早起源于西方,19世纪30年代传入中国。中国近代自办股份制企业开始于19世纪70年代,以1872年第一家官督商办企业──轮船招商局的创办为标志。继轮船招商局试办成功之后,19世纪80年代初掀起一股投资兴办股份制企业的热潮。由于当时社会历史条件的制约,中国近代股份制的产生是以“官督商办”的形式出现,企业在实际的运作过程中没有完全体现资本主义股份制企业的经营原则,带有一定的时代局限性。  相似文献   

5.
唐廷枢早年毕业于香港教会学堂,在英商怡和洋行做过十年买办,从而积累了丰厚的资产和经营近代企业的经验.后接受李鸿章委派,创办和经营洋务运动时期两个规模较大的民用企业轮船招商局与开平矿务局,取得了显著的成效.历史事实客观地表明:唐廷枢作为中国第一代具有近代经营管理才干的企业家,以创办和经营近代企业的独特方式,推动了中国社会的近代化.  相似文献   

6.
轮船招商局作为近代中国第一个大型官督商办股份制企业,其经营体制、经营理念在晚清洋务企业中具有极强的代表性。源于西方的股份制被舶来中国之后,在晚清政治体制的束缚下逐渐发展成具有中国本土特色的官督商办股份制度,并成为洋务企业标志性的运营模式。探索轮船招商局官督商办股份制的特殊经营方式,对于继续研究以轮船招商局为代表的一批洋务派兴办的近代股份制企业具有积极作用。  相似文献   

7.
唐廷枢及其业绩,在中国近代航运史上,特别是在轮船招商局的历史上,殊为占有一定的重要地位。兹届招商局成立120周年之际,将他与招商局关系以及居间发挥的相应作用撰文论述如后。  相似文献   

8.
轮船招商局是洋务派创办的第一个近代民用企业,它的兴起打破了“利权外溢”的传统格局,刺激了中国民族资本主义的产生。本主要探讨李鸿章在其筹建.保护中所起的作用。  相似文献   

9.
轮船招商局是洋务派创办的第一个近代民用企业,它的兴起打破了“利权外溢”的传统格局,刺激了中国民族资本主义的产生.本文主要探讨李鸿章在其筹建,保护中所起的作用.  相似文献   

10.
唐廷枢与轮船招商局、开平矿务局的资金筹措   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
唐廷枢与轮船招商局、开平矿务局的资金筹措李志英任何企业的创立和发展,都必须以一定数量的资金为前提。这个前提在近代中国的社会历史条件下尤为重要,因为近代中国是一个筹资环境极为恶劣的半封建半殖民地社会,资金匮乏始终是困扰企业发展的难题。唐廷枢是洋务运动时...  相似文献   

11.
Information is presented about the organization of graduate studies, based on questionnaire responses of 582 coordinators of Canadian graduate programs. These coordinators, who were representative of disciplines and geographic regions, provided information about a wide range of matters, including enrolments, staff, admissions, supervision, research, publications, financial support, teaching experience, and completion rates and times. Many substantial differences were noted among the percentage frequencies of responses for departments classified by discipline and size. For example, students were perceived to choose their doctoral theses topics themselves much more frequently in education, social sciences, and humanities than in engineering, medical sciences, physical sciences, and biological sciences. Also, departments with smaller numbers of full-time graduate students tended to provide all doctoral students, with some teaching experience to a greater extent than did larger departments.  相似文献   

12.
实践的自由与美的范畴   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
人,作为个体的生存,从实践(以物质生产为中心)出发才逐步生成,而在实足走向创造的过程中,人们才不断达到一定的自由境界。正是人的实践-创造的自由使自然人化,人也人化,从而产生出人对现实的审美关系;这种审美关系体现对象之上就是美,而体现在人本身之上则是美感。人类的实践-创造的自由同样是一个历时性的过程和一个共时性的结构,因此,它不仅有不同的自由程度和不同的自由境界,而且还有自由,反自由,不自由,准自由等几个维度;与这些不同的自由给度相关便形成了美,丑,柔美,刚美,悲剧性,喜剧性,滑稽,幽默的相应的美的范畴,并形成各个美的范畴之间的过渡,转化,对应等关系,从而形成一个完整的美的范畴体系。  相似文献   

13.
理查德·罗蒂立足后现代主义、解构主义、文化自由主义、相对主义和后哲学文化论,建立的协同性实用主义,批判分析哲学、现象学、传统的认识论、反映论、符合论和真理观,肯定解释学的功能与教化作用,否定客观性、绝对性、永恒性和不变性,反对理性主义、科学主义和实在论,主张解构形而上学,创立无冕哲学,提倡工具主义、约定主义、实用主义、多元主义,以及心灵与社会的协同性作用。  相似文献   

14.
劳伦斯与非理性主义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以叔本华、尼采、弗洛伊德为代表的非理性主义是劳伦斯小说创作的思想基础。受叔本华影响,劳伦斯把生存意志作为人物行动的基本动力,这主要表现为向性力和精神占有欲。受尼采影响,劳伦斯赞美躯体,重视生命的内在能量和自我超越性,并与基督教决裂,成为西方基督教道德观的激烈批判者。劳伦斯在性与无意识这两个领域,对弗洛伊德精神分析理论有接受,也有超越。弗洛伊德与劳伦斯都把性、无意识与文明对立起来,但弗洛伊德进行的是否定性研究,强调对其疏导和控制,劳伦斯则认为性与无意识是原初的创造性力量,是生活的源泉,是对抗人之社会化和理性化的正面力量。非理性主义丰富和深化了劳伦斯对现代人心理世界的理解,加强了他的小说的社会批判力量。  相似文献   

15.
着重描述湖南邵东保和堂柳东早二叠世早期栖霞组底部首次发现的史塔夫 (Staffella)类动物群 ,共 5属 2 0种 ,这五属分别是史塔夫亚科的 Staffella,Pseudoendothyra,Nankinella和卡勒亚科的 Sphaerulina,Pisolina.该类动物群笔者曾命名为 Pseudoendothyra jazvensis带 .这一发现不仅填补了湘东南栖霞组生物地层学研究的空白 ,而且对我国南方石炭、二叠纪的生物地层划分提供了新的依据  相似文献   

16.
作为教法中的教学模式系统,是由要素构成的。已有的成功的教学模式,其所构成的共同要素是:目、趣、序、思、练、诊、结七者。  相似文献   

17.
A teacher and a college student explore experimental science and its history by reading historical texts, and responding with replications and experiments of their own. A curriculum of ever-widening possibilities evolves in their ongoing interactions with each other, history, and such materials as pendulums, flame, and resonant singing tubes. Narratives illustrate how questions, observations, and developments emerge in class interactions, along with the pair’s reflections on history and research. This study applies the research pedagogy of critical exploration, developed by Eleanor Duckworth from the interviewing of Piaget and Inhelder and exploratory activities of the 1960s Elementary Science Study. Complexity as the subject matter opens up possibilities which foster curiosity among participants. Like Galileo, Tyndall, Xu Shou, and others, this student recurrently came upon new physical behaviors. His responses to these phenomena enabled him to learn from yet other unexpected happenings. These explorations have implications for opening up classrooms to unforeseen possibilities for learning.
Teaching . . . is more about a conscientious participation in expanding the space of the possible by creating the conditions for the emergence of the not-yet-imaginable. . . . Teaching, like learning, is not about convergence onto a pre-established truth, but about divergence - about broadening what can be known and done. In other words, the emphasis is not on what is, but what might be brought forth. Teaching thus comes to be a participation in a recursively elaborative process of opening up new spaces of possibility while exploring current spaces. (Davis & Sumara, 2007, p. 64)
  相似文献   

18.
In this article, we present certain topics such as quadrature of planar regions, introduced prior to the invention of calculus by Newton, and consider his other mathematical contributions, to binomial theorem and infinite series, cubics, theory of equations and imaginary roots. As the development of calculus and its enormous applications are well known, we will not discuss much about it. Earlier, he was in TIFR, Bangalore. His research interests include partial differential equations, homogenization, controllability and control problems, analysis, etc.  相似文献   

19.
隐性衔接语篇连贯指的是不含显性衔接手段,如替代,省略,重复等,实现语义连贯的语篇。作为一种特殊的语言现象,隐性衔接语篇也是一种心理上的表征,是人类对认识世界的经验总结从语言上的反应。理想化认识模型(ICM)是人们在特定的文化背景中对某领域中的经验和知识所作出的抽象的、统一的、理想化的理解,它具有关联性、选择性、典型性,体验性等特征。正是因为人类对认知世界的体验,形成各种认知模型(CM),而认知模型(CM)稳定而有规律,具有典型性特征。在认知过程中,各种认知模型(CM)之间的互相关联与相互选择,正好为人们解读隐性衔接语篇提供了认知上的新视角。  相似文献   

20.
Nanotechnology has been touted as the next ‘industrial revolution’ of our modern age. In order for successful research, development, and social discourses to take place in this field, education research is needed to inform the development of standards, course development, and workforce preparation. In addition, there is a growing need to educate citizens and students about risks, benefits, and social and ethical issues related to nanotechnology. This position paper describes the advancements that have been made in nanoscale science and nanotechnology, and the challenges that exist to educate students and the public about critical nanoscience concepts. This paper reviews the current research on nanotechnology education including curricula, educational programs, informal education, and teacher education. Furthermore, the unique risks, benefits and ethics of these unusual technological applications are described in relation to nanoeducation goals. Finally, we outline needed future research in the areas of nanoscience content, standards and curricula, nanoscience pedagogy, teacher education, and the risks, benefits, and social and ethical dimensions for education in this emerging field.  相似文献   

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