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1.
朱爱平 《读与写:教育教学刊》2021,(3)
家庭是儿童与同伴关系最早的影响地父母教育的方式的不同,对儿童同伴关系的发展产生了重大的影响良好教育方式有利于儿童形成良好的同伴关系。我们在教育儿童之前,应该先做好父母教育工作,让他们以正确的教育方式培养儿童的人际交往。 相似文献
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卢玲 《徐特立研究(长沙师范专科学校学报)》2010,(4):18-22
情绪能力以情绪智力为基础,是认知和情绪领域相互渗透、相互促进的体现。儿童情绪能力在同伴关系的形成与发展过程中发挥着重要作用,通过对情绪能力中情绪理解、情绪调节与同伴接纳的关系进行分析与研究发现,教育者应重视对儿童情绪能力的培养,从而改善同伴交往不良儿童的现状,增强其同伴接纳程度,促进儿童身心健康成长。 相似文献
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儿童成长的过程是由自然人变为社会人的过程,而这种转变的基本途径之一便是与同伴交往.幼儿期是同伴关系形成和发展的关键时期,同伴关系在儿童社会化中起着成人无法取代的独特作用. 相似文献
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自由游戏活动中幼儿同伴交往的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
一、问题的提出儿童的社会化一般是沿着两条途径发展的:一是在家庭中的社会化,儿童通过与父母的相互作用,形成亲子关系;二是在同伴中的社会化,即通过同伴交往,形成同伴关系。已有的研究尽管已证明了亲子关系对儿童社会化的发展有举足轻重的作用。然而,随着儿童年龄的增长,儿童活动的范围在不断扩 相似文献
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透视儿童的"同伴危机" 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张晓宏 《中小学心理健康教育》2005,(11):16-17
一、同伴危机 同伴,是指儿童与之相处的具有相同或相近社会认知能力的人.年龄相同或相近的儿童,在某种共同活动中体现出相互协作的关系,就构成了儿童的同伴关系.同伴关系为儿童学习技能、交流经验、宣泄情绪、习得社会规则、完善人格提供了充分的机会. 相似文献
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以重庆市440名流动儿童与192名城市儿童为研究对象,采用同伴评定量表、师生关系问卷、社会支持评定量表、＂个体歧视知觉＂流动儿童版问卷,考察了流动儿童同伴关系、师生关系及歧视知觉的特点并考察了同伴关系、师生关系与歧视知觉之间关系,结果表明：（1）同伴关系无论是在性别、学段还是两类不同儿童群体上的差异比较均不存在显著差异;在师生关系上,女生好于男生,在正向师生关系上高于男生,负向师生关系上低于男生得分;歧视知觉方面,男生感受到的歧视高于女生。（2）同伴关系与歧视知觉呈负相关,师生冲突、主观支持及支持利用度呈负相关。（3）同伴关系、主观支持可以负向预测歧视知觉,师生冲突可正向预测歧视知觉。（4）社会支持在流动儿童同伴关系、师生关系与歧视知觉间存在调节作用。 相似文献
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同伴关系是儿童社会性发展的重要内容之一,对儿童身心发展有重大影响,本文通过测查遵义市1-6岁儿童同伴关系发展的水平,了解儿童的同伴关系发展现状,并提出一些发展儿童同伴关系的建议与措施,以期能够培养儿童良好的同伴关系,促进儿童身心的健康发展。 相似文献
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同伴关系是指年龄或心理水平相近的个体在交往过程中建立起来的人际关系。良好的同伴关系对儿童社会性的发展、健康心理的形成以及学习和适应环境能力的培养都具有重大的影响。但是其积极作用在视障儿童身上远未显现出来。那么视障儿童同伴关系存在问题的原因是什么，我们又该如何帮助他们建立良好的同伴关系呢？ 相似文献
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Having Friends, Keeping Friends, Making Friends, and Being Liked by Peers in the Classroom: Predictors of Children''s Early School Adjustment? 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Gary W. Ladd 《Child development》1990,61(4):1081-1100
The potential role that children's classroom peer relations play in their school adjustment was investigated during the first 2 months of kindergarten and the remainder of the school year. Measures of 125 children's classroom peer relationships were obtained on 3 occasions: at school entrance, after 2 months of school, and at the end of the school year. Measures of school adjustment, including children's school perceptions, anxiety, avoidance, and performance, were obtained during the second and third assessment occasions. After controlling mental age, sex, and preschool experience, measures of children's classroom peer relationships were used to forecast later school adjustment. Results indicated that children with a larger number of classroom friends during school entrance developed more favorable school perceptions by the second month, and those who maintained these relationships liked school better as the year progressed. Making new friends in the classroom was associated with gains in school performance, and early peer rejection forecasted less favorable school perceptions, higher levels of school avoidance, and lower performance levels over the school year. 相似文献
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Reciprocal Negative Affect in Parent-Child Interactions and Children's Peer Competency 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The relationship between preschool children's peer competency and the exchange of reciprocal negative affect displays during physical play with parents was examined. Teacher ratings of children's peer competency were obtained from children's preschools. Parents and children (41 families) were observed during a physical play paradigm called "the hand game" which permitted physically stimulating play, yet which also permitted clear recording of participants' facial expressions. Interactions were coded second by second for 8 min using a system of 12 mutually exclusive and exhaustive codes to categorize the affect displayed by participants. Fathers who typically responded to their children's negative affect displays with negative affect of their own had children who shared less, were more aggressive, and avoided others. Implications of the findings for theories of family-peer relationships are discussed. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to further explore the linkage between children's early school attitudes and interpersonal features of the classroom, including children's relationships with classmates and their perceptions of these relationships. Participants included 102 kindergarten children (M age = 5.8 years) who were interviewed at the beginning and end of kindergarten to obtain measures of their school attitudes (i.e., school liking), classroom peer relationships (i.e., peer acceptance, mutual friendships), and peer relationship perceptions (i.e., perceived loneliness, peer support). Results showed that initial school liking was associated with all four measures of children's peer relationships; however, only the number of mutual friendships that children possessed in their classrooms predicted changes in school attitudes (gains) over time. Early school attitudes were linked to changes in children's peer perceptions; children who disliked school early in kindergarten were more likely to view classmates as unsupportive as the school year progressed. Results are discussed in terms of the potential impact that classroom peer relations may have on early school attitudes, and vice versa. Implications for educational policy are also considered. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether young children with a known history of maltreatment by caregivers have more problematic peer relationships and classroom behaviors than other children, and (2) if children's behaviors with peers mediated associations between maltreatment and children's problem peer relations. METHOD: Participants included 400 young children (ages 4-8, M age=6.6), and 24 teachers in 22 schools. Six percent of children had a known history of maltreatment. Multiple methods (ratings and nominations) and reporters (children and teachers) were utilized to obtain information on peer relationships. Teachers reported children's physical/verbal aggression, and withdrawn and prosocial behaviors. RESULTS: Young children were able to nominate and rate whom they liked versus disliked in their classes, and their reports were modestly correlated with teacher reports. Regardless of the reporter, maltreated children were significantly more disliked, physically/verbally aggressive, withdrawn, and less prosocial, compared with their classmates. Among all children, physical/verbal aggression, withdrawal, and prosocial behavior were associated independently with some aspect of peer status. Maltreatment had indirect associations with peer likeability and peer rejection via maltreated children's relatively higher levels of physical/verbal aggression and, in some cases, withdrawal and relatively lower prosocial behavior. Maltreatment had an indirect association with teacher-reported peer acceptance via children's withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indirectly associate early family experiences with problems in peer relationships, especially lower peer likeability and more rejection, via children's behaviors with peers. The finding that linkages exist even in the very earliest years of school highlights the need for very early home- or school-based efforts focused on improving behavior and relationships of maltreated children and others children with similar profiles. 相似文献
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The peer relationships of young children with mild developmental (cognitive) delays recruited at 4-6 years of age were examined in a longitudinal study across a 2-year period. Results revealed only modest increases in children's peer interactions, a high degree of intraindividual stability, and the existence of a poorly organized and conflict-prone pattern of peer interactions. Child cognitive and language levels as well as family stress and support were associated with children's peer interactions. A subgroup was identified of initially low interactors who were at especially high risk for future peer interaction problems. These findings further underscore the importance of designing and implementing early intervention programs in the area of peer relationships for children with mild developmental delays. 相似文献
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Tedra Walden Elizabeth Lemerise Maureen C . Smith 《Early education and development》1999,10(3):351-371
The development of friendships and peer acceptance and their relation to children's emotional regulation and social-emotional behavior with others among a group of 3-5-year-old children was examined. Peer relationships and social-emotional skills were assessed early in the preschool year and peer relationships were assessed again late in the year. Preschool friendships were prevalent, moderately consistent across situations, and moderately stable over the course of the school year; peer acceptance also was moderately stable. Popularity of preschool children was related to their social behavior with peers both early and late in the school year but acceptance by the group was unrelated to children's emotion regulation. Number of mutual friendship choices was related to children's emotional regulation but not to social behaviors with peers late in the year. Acceptance by the peer group was related to number of mutual friends but there were some well-liked children who had no friends and disliked children who had friends. These results show the importance of popularity and early friendships in preschool classrooms. That is, these peer relationships are lasting and related to social and emotional development. Therefore, efforts to foster both group relations and mutual dyadic relationships should be included in preschool programming. 相似文献
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Using an intrinsic motivation paradigm, the effects of providing different reasons for interacting with a peer were examined in terms of children's subsequent interest in playing with the other child. Children (5 1/2, 7, and 9 years old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions and provided with identical information about a child presented on a television monitor (that he was nice and had a new Lego game). In the experimental conditions, children were then asked if they wanted to play with the peer either "because he has a new game" (situational information) or "because he's real nice" (dispositional information). The results indicated that, for the 9-year-olds, the dispositional/intrinsic information enhanced subsequent intrinsic interest in the peer relative to the control condition, while the situational information undermined later interest. In contrast, for the younger age groups, the situational information increased interest in peer interaction for the younger age groups in comparison to the control condition, while the dispositional information did not differ from control. The findings are discussed in terms of potential processes underlying these effects. 相似文献
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同伴关系与儿童行为能力中的社会能力关系密切,对儿童发展社会能力有重要的影响。产生影响的原因主要在于同伴关系的影响是客观世界的整体、系统性对个体、分支的影响,是儿童成长发育过程中的自然生理需求和认知心理需要,由此,一定的家庭早期干预措施是必要的。 相似文献
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Previous studies have demonstrated that children's goals are associated with their success in peer relationships. The current study extends earlier findings by examining changes in children's goals during hypothetical conflicts. Participants were 252 children ages 9 to 12 years old (133 boys, 119 girls). As predicted, children's goals changed significantly when they encountered obstacles to conflict resolution, and these changes were predictive of their subsequent strategy choices. Both aggressive- and submissive-rejected children were more likely to evidence antisocial changes in their goals, including an increased desire to retaliate. They also showed reluctance to forego instrumental objectives. Other findings highlighted the need to investigate the combinations of goals children pursue as predictors of their strategies and the quality of their peer relationships. 相似文献
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Ann M. Berghout Austin Michael K. Godfrey Claudia Weber Cherie A. Martin Linda B. Holmes 《Early education and development》1991,2(3):214-226
Block (1984) postulated that children develop a personal premise system concerning the nature of relationships from the kind of responsiveness, balance, and control they experience when interacting with the caregiver and the caregiver's degree of accessibility during caregiver-child interactions. Block's theory was used in this review to discuss how children's personal premise systems or models of relationships develop through the process of attachment to the caregiver, and how, as children establish more extensive social relationships, this premise system becomes a more generalized model of self and others which shapes all interactions with others including peer relationships during early and middle childhood. The review also suggests continuity in the organization of behavior, for just as the nature of the early personal premise system is shaped by caregiver responsiveness, control, consistency, and availability, so the quality of ties youngsters form with their peers seems also to be shaped by the tone of children's responsiveness to peers, the degree and kind of control youngsters exert in peer interactions, the consistency of behaviors with peers, and children's emotional and physical availability to peers. 相似文献