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1.
企业创新融资约束是当前投资理论研究的重要组成部分,然而当前对这一问题的研究主要集中在RD投资与内部资金约束角度,忽略了负债融资约束。基于RD异质性角度,本文把RD投资区分为探索式创新投资和常规式创新投资,运用《企业会计准则》(2006)之后中国A股上市公司RD投资数据和q投资模型,研究发现:探索式创新投资显著地受到负债融资约束,而常规式创新投资对负债融资却不敏感。不同来源的负债对企业的创新投资约束也有差异:银行借款与两种创新投资显著负相关;商业信用和探索式创新投资不存在显著相关关系,而常规式创新投资却可能利用商业信用来进行研发活动。本文的研究为企业创新融资战略和政府的科技补贴政策提供了决策参考。 相似文献
2.
区别已有研究,从政府补贴与融资约束交互效应的角度,运用SA指数作为融资约束替代变量,以1 244家上市公司2007—2013年的数据进行分析,考察融资约束异质性、行业异质性,研究企业在面临融资约束的情况下政府补贴对技术创新的影响。结果表明:政府补贴能够促进技术创新,而融资约束会抑制技术创新;当企业面临的融资约束情况越严重时,政府补贴对技术创新的促进作用越小,尤其当融资约束超过一定程度时,政府补贴对技术创新产生了抑制作用;技术密集型企业获得的政府补贴对技术创新的促进作用最大,资本密集型企业次之,劳动密集型企业最小;从总体上看,上市公司发生寻租行为的可能性不大,维持政府关系而发生的费用能够促进技术创新。 相似文献
3.
基于主板市场、中小板和创业板市场上战略性新兴产业上市公司2011—2013年间的面板数据,对企业RD投资的融资约束与融资渠道依赖特征进行了实证研究。研究发现,企业的RD投资对现金流存在依赖性和融资约束效应,但是新兴市场板块(中小板和创业板)的融资约束与主板市场差异并不显著;企业的研发投资存在内源融资依赖性,内源资金是RD投资的主要资金来源,而且新兴市场板块企业RD投资的内源融资依赖性弱于主板市场。 相似文献
4.
《科学学研究》2017,(8)
借鉴Aghion不同资本市场条件下企业长短期投资结构呈现不同周期性特征的基本思想,构建了资本市场不完善下政府补贴缓解融资约束、对RD投资周期性影响的理论模型,其求解结果发现在资本市场不完善条件下,政府补贴缓解融资约束对企业RD投资顺周期有一定的平滑作用。基于上述理论模型利用2007-2014年我国制造业1580个上市企业的面板数据进行回归得到:(1)我国制造业企业普遍存在融资约束,且非国有企业的融资约束显著高于国有企业;(2)由于资本市场不完善、企业受外部融资约束,国有企业、非国有企业及全部样本都显示研发投资呈顺周期特征,且非国有企业的融资约束比国有企业严重,研发投资顺周期性也比国有企业更明显;(3)政府补贴可以在一定程度上减少企业研发投资的融资约束和顺周期特征,且非国有企业比国有企业显著。 相似文献
5.
中国企业的R&D投资结构失衡、研究型投资严重不足是企业缺乏原始创新和创造性毁灭与产业结构升级缺乏核心技术支撑的根本原因,其源于外源资金主体对企业R&D资金配置的功能错位.本文使用2007—2015年中国制造业上市企业的面板数据,基于理论分析和实证检验发现： 在企业R&D资金配置过程中,由于金融体系功能发展不完善,甄别市场风险有相对优势的金融部门资金并未显著促进试验开发型投资;政府研发补贴显著促进了试验开发型投资,但并未显著促进研究型投资,这与政府矫正市场失灵的优势功能错位.上述两个方面对企业在两阶段研发活动的资金配置上产生了一定的结构效应,由此引起企业R&D投资结构失衡. 相似文献
6.
使用沪深两市2009—2014年期间严格披露了研发支出信息的企业作为样本,采用FHP(1988)模型和构建融资约束指数检验企业RD投资中存在的融资约束,以及分析融资约束对RD投入的影响。研究结果表明,企业RD投资存在融资约束,并且融资约束制约RD投资;进一步分析融资约束在不同产权性质、不同产业性质企业中对RD投资的影响。结果发现,国有控股企业RD的融资约束小于非国有控股企业RD的融资约束;高新技术企业RD的融资约束小于非高新技术企业RD的融资约束。本文的研究结果可为政府和金融市场提供靶向性的金额支持政策提供决策参考。 相似文献
7.
作为平滑企业技术创新的关键因素,融资契约对绿色技术创新的影响机理值得深入研究.本文基于企业生命周期理论,采用高科技制造业上市公司面板数据作为研究样本,在分析绿色技术创新特征的基础上,探讨并检验了股权融资、债权融资以及政府补贴在不同企业生命周期阶段中对绿色技术创新的动态影响.研究发现：融资契约对绿色技术创新具有差异化影响及动态性特征,即债权融资仅在成长期能够促进企业绿色技术创新;股权融资在企业成熟期和蜕变期均表现出与绿色技术创新的积极关系;政府补贴对蜕变期企业绿色技术创新具有促进作用,却在企业成熟期呈现出显著的抑制效应.进一步研究发现,政府补贴在债权融资、股权融资与绿色技术创新的关系中具有阶段性及契约异质性的信号传递作用,该作用仅对成长期债权融资与绿色技术创新的关系具有显著影响.因此,制造业企业应对融资契约实施最优动态配置,以实现对绿色技术创新的持续平滑. 相似文献
8.
新兴市场的企业集团为创新研究中分割的制度路径与组织路径提供了融合的基础。通过构建内部现金流和外部股权两种融资约束的测度方法,以集团属性为调节变量,控股股东支持为中介变量,研究了我国民营高科技上市公司金融危机前后的RD投资问题。研究发现,集团成员企业的RD投资对内部现金流敏感,而对外部股权融资不敏感;企业的集团属性不会显著改变两种融资约束对企业RD投资的负向影响,即集团属性的调节作用不明显;但考虑控股股东支持的中介作用后,企业的集团属性使内部现金流约束对企业RD投资的负向影响消失,即有中介的调节作用显著存在;而实证结果不支持中介作用与有调节的中介作用假设。 相似文献
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10.
政府在RD链条各阶段的资金投入分配比例,应立足于政府资金在各阶段的投入产出效率以及与企业资金的效率比较。本文基于2009-2013年省级面板数据的计量分析结果表明:政府资金的投入产出效率从高到低依次为基础研究、应用研究、试验发展,企业资金的投入产出效率与政府完全相反;在基础研究和应用研究阶段,政府资金的投入产出效率显著高于企业资金,而在试验发展阶段,政府资金的投入产出效率显著低于企业资金。因此,按照效率优先原则,我国政府应大幅增加对基础研究和应用研究的资金投入,降低对试验发展的资金投入比例,并选择能够产生对企业资金投入产生刺激效应的试验发展领域进行集中式投入。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献