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本文结合对独生父母家庭中不良的幼儿教养方式的分析．探讨了其与幼儿社交退缩行为成因的相关性,并对如何改进独生父母的幼儿教养方式提出了意见和建议。 相似文献
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随着社会生活和人们婚姻家庭观念的变化,离异家庭日益增多。我们在教育实践中发现,城镇幼儿园几乎每一个班就有1～2名幼儿是生活在离异家庭中的。研究离异家庭幼儿的教育,已成为摆在幼教工作者面前的新课题。笔者结合工作实践,对离异家庭幼儿的教育进行了初步的探索。1.加强家长工作,促使家长尽可能提供良好的家庭环境和家庭教养。离异家庭的教养方式主要有抛弃型和溺爱型两种。抛弃型的家长视子女为累赘,训斥、打骂、压制是其常 相似文献
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江莹 《中小学心理健康教育》2021,(9)
探索家庭因素对流动青少年外化行为问题的影响,采用父母教养方式问卷(PBI)和青少年自评量表(YSR)对805名苏州地区流动初中生进行问卷调查。结果显示:(1)流动青少年感知父亲和母亲教养方式方面存在差异,母亲比父亲采用更多过度保护和关怀的教养方式,而父亲比母亲更多采用冷漠拒绝的教养方式。(2)父亲的"冷漠拒绝"和母亲的"过度保护"是影响流动青少年违纪行为、攻击行为和外化行为问题的重要诱发因素;母亲的"关怀"是流动青少年违纪行为、攻击行为和外化行为问题减少的重要预防因素。(3)家庭经济、父母学历和流动青少年违纪行为、攻击行为和外化行为问题之间不存在显著差异。结论:相比家庭经济因素和父母学历因素,家庭教养方式对流动青少年外化行为问题具有更为突出的影响。其中,父亲冷漠拒绝和母亲过度保护是流动青少年外化行为问题产生的重要影响因素,而母亲关怀是流动青少年外化行为问题减少的积极影响因素。 相似文献
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目的:考察会引发隔代抚养家庭对立违抗障碍儿童的家庭教养行为及造成的对立违抗症状表现.方法:应用访谈法对29名符合对立违抗障碍标准的独生儿童、儿童家长和儿童教师进行访谈.结果:从祖父母对儿童的教养行为、父母对儿童的教养行为、祖父母与父母间的教养行为、父母之间的教养行为这样一个家庭互动方式的角度对访谈资料进行分析.其中,祖辈的溺爱,父辈的低父母参与度、过度严苛、简单、粗暴的教养策略,不良的亲子沟通,自身教养行为的不一致,不同养育者(祖辈与父辈、父母)间不一致是不良的教养方式,是引发儿童对立违抗障碍的家庭教养行为.结论:在对立违抗儿童的干预中,应加大父辈在儿童教养中的参与度,减少祖父母与父母异辈之间、父母之间的不一致教养行为,还应把祖辈纳入到干预体系中,并为家庭提供一些具体的教养技能. 相似文献
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早期的问题行为对个体的成长有许多消极的作用.家庭作为幼儿最早的生活和教育场所,与幼儿行为的形成有密切的关系.我国近十年来对幼儿问题行为的家庭成因研究虽然取得了一些成果,但全面性、系统性相对不足,主要侧重于某一不良家庭因素对幼儿行为形成的消极影响,或造成幼儿某一问题行为的家庭成因探究.采用文献法、观察法和访谈法,从家庭环境入手,在参阅相关文献的基础上,结合我国当今社会的新变化,从6个方面对幼儿问题行为的成因展开了全面的论述,发现父母的心理特征、父母的职业特征、父母的教养方式与态度、家庭结构类型、家庭居住条件及家庭气氛是幼儿问题行为的主要家庭原因. 相似文献
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目的:探讨离异家庭小学生心理压力特点并比较不同亚群体离异家庭小学生的心理压力状况的差异。方法:运用问卷法对165名离异家庭小学生的心理压力进行测量。结果:(1)离异家庭小学生总体心理压力水平显著高于完整家庭小学生的总体心理压力水平。来自父母教养、教师、丧失、学业、需要缺乏和不良行为方面的压力事件对离异家庭小学生的影响显著大于对完整家庭小学生的影响;(2)高年龄段学生受到来自丧失和社会两方面压力事件的影响显著大于低年龄段学生受到的影响;(3)父亲文化水平较低的离异家庭小学生受到来自学业方面的压力事件的影响显著大于父亲文化水平高的离异家庭小学生受到的影响,母亲文化水平较低的离异家庭小学生受到来自学业、不良行为方面的压力事件的影响显著大于母亲文化水平高的离异家庭小学生受到的影响;(4)来自需要缺乏、父母教养、不良行为方面的压力事件对离异家庭小学生的快乐感有较大影响。 相似文献
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该研究选取30名3岁儿童作为研究对象,采用情境观察的方法检测儿童努力控制和母亲教养方式的水平,采用问卷法检测儿童外显问题行为水平,并使用方差分析和回归分析的方法对儿童努力控制、母亲教养方式与儿童外显问题行为之间的关系进行探讨。结果表明:(1)儿童的努力控制和外显问题行为呈显著负相关;(2)教养方式中的消极控制和儿童的外显问题行为呈显著正相关;教养方式中的积极控制和儿童的活跃过度问题行为呈显著负相关;(3)努力控制和家庭教养方式中的积极控制交互作用影响儿童外显问题行为———对于高努力控制水平的儿童,家长干涉过多反而会增加儿童发展出外显问题行为的可能性。 相似文献
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本研究在对3-6岁的幼儿及家长进行测查的基础上,对影响幼儿行为问题的家庭因素和自身因素进行通径分析,以探讨家庭因素和幼儿自身因素对幼儿行为问题的影响及各因素间的因果路径关系。研究结果发现家庭因素中的家庭功能和家庭教养方式,幼儿自身因素中的气质和性别对幼儿的行为问题有重要作用,而家庭因素中的家庭社会经济地位和幼儿自身因素中的年龄对幼儿行为问题没有显著影响。 相似文献
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为探讨四-六年级儿童说谎行为及其与家庭教养方式之间的关系,选取小学四-六年级共6个班儿童为被试,采用自编数学测验和家庭教养方式问卷为实验材料,在自阅卷情境中了解四-六年级儿童说谎行为的差异,并探讨其与家庭教养方式之间的关系。结果显示:四-六年级的儿童对考试说谎行为的认知和判断已经基本形成;在影响儿童考试说谎行为的三个因素上,自阅卷情境对四、五年级儿童的说谎行为并不存在显著影响,对六年级的儿童有显著影响。五年级或许是影响儿童说谎因素发展的一个关键期或转折点;家庭教养方式的不同因子对儿童说谎行为的影响有所不同。父亲教养方式中的惩罚严厉或是拒绝否认,以及母亲的家庭教养方式中的过分干涉和过分保护,或是不偏爱儿童,都更容易导致儿童说谎行为的发生。 相似文献
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Robert L. Nix Ellen E. Pinderhughes Kenneth A. Dodge John E. Bates Gregory S. Pettit & Steven A. McFadyen-Ketchum 《Child development》1999,70(4):896-909
This study examined relations among mothers' hostile attribution tendencies regarding their children's ambiguous problem behaviors, mothers' harsh discipline practices, and children's externalizing behavior problems. A community sample of 277 families (19% minority representation) living in three geographic regions of the United States was followed for over 4 years. Mothers' hostile attribution tendencies were assessed during the summer prior to children's entry into kindergarten through their responses to written vignettes. Mothers' harsh discipline practices were assessed concurrently through ratings by interviewers and reports by spouses. Children's externalizing behavior problems were assessed concurrently through written questionnaires by mothers and fathers and in the spring of kindergarten and first, second, and third grades through reports by teachers and peer sociometric nominations. Results of structural equations models demonstrated that mothers' hostile attribution tendencies predicted children's future externalizing behavior problems at school and that a large proportion of this relation was mediated by mothers' harsh discipline practices. These results remained virtually unchanged when controlling for initial levels of children's prekindergarten externalizing behavior problems at home. 相似文献
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Hiram E. Fitzgerald Linda A. Sullivan Hazen P. Ham Robert A. Zucker Stefan Bruckel rew M. Schneider Robert B. Noll 《Child development》1993,64(1):110-123
We investigated risk factors in a population-based sample of alcoholic (father) and comparison families with 3-year-old sons. Alcoholic and comparison parents did not differ in socioeconomic status (SES), education, years married, family size, or cognitive functioning. Anti-social behavior and depression were significantly greater in alcoholic parents. High risk children were more impulsive than comparison children, but there were no differences in developmental age, IQ, or behavior problems. A higher percentage of high-risk children were rated in the extreme clinical range for behavior problems than were comparison children. For alcoholic families, mothers' ratings of their children's total behavior problems, externalizing behavior problems, and internalizing behavior problems were predicted by mothers' lifetime alcohol problems, current depression, and family SES. Father variables failed to predict children's behavior problems. Maternal variables were stronger predictors of their 3-year-old sons' problem behaviors than were paternal variables. 相似文献
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随着我国城市家庭结构的核心化，儿童行为问题颇受人们的广泛关注。因此，探讨母亲养育方式与儿童行为问题之间的关系，并为矫正儿童行为问题提出可行的对策显得尤为重要。据此。我们以中版的父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)和Rutter儿童行为量表为研究工具。采取分层抽样方法对所抽取的兰州市10所幼儿因150名3—6岁儿童及其母亲进行调查与分析。结果表明，母亲养育方式与儿童行为问题的发生具有很强的相关性。 相似文献
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The study tested whether children's prosocial behavior was negatively or positively related to children's and mothers' psychological problems. Participants were 149 London families when mothers were pregnant and followed up in infancy and at ages 4 and 11. Children's cooperation at 4 and general prosocial tendencies at 11 were negatively associated with externalizing problems but unrelated to internalizing problems. A subgroup of children who were more prosocial than average expressed clinically significant worries about family members. Maternal depression decreased prosocial behavior in the eyes of adults, but children of depressed mothers saw themselves to be prosocial. Early cooperation protected children against later risk for externalizing problems, even when their early behavioral problems were taken into account. 相似文献
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Congruence between Mothers' and Fathers' Differential Treatment of Siblings: Links with Family Relations and Children's Well-Being 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Susan M. McHale Ann C. Crouter Shirley A. McGuire Kimberly A. Updegraff 《Child development》1995,66(1):116-128
We studied patterns of mothers' and fathers' differential treatment of firstborn (average age 10.5 years) and secondborn (average age 8 years) school-age siblings, and we examined the links between parents' differential treatment and children's well-being and dyadic family relationships. Mothers, fathers, and both siblings in 110 families were interviewed in their homes. For each dimension of parental behavior that we assessed (i.e., differential affection and discipline) we created groups of families that reflected mothers' and fathers' levels of differential treatment (e.g., discipline the firstborn more, equal treatment, discipline the secondborn more). Although we detected substantial correspondence between the 2 parents' differential treatment, we found a sizable group of families in which parents' reports were incongruent (i.e., 1 parent reported equal and the other differential treatment). Parental patterns were linked to differences between the siblings' well-being and both sibling and parent-child relationships, with younger siblings exhibiting greater vulnerability to differential treatment. Incongruence in differential warmth was associated with marital distress. 相似文献
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Coping with family transitions: winners, losers, and survivors 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
E M Hetherington 《Child development》1989,60(1):1-14
This article presents the results of a longitudinal study of the effects of divorce and remarriage on children's adjustment. It was found that individual characteristics, such as children's temperament, family relations, and extrafamilial factors, played an important role in exacerbating or buffering children from negative consequences associated with their parents' marital transitions. Although boys in divorced families and children in remarried families showed more problems in adjustment than did children in nondivorced families, some also showed remarkable resiliency in the face of multiple life stressors. 相似文献
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Promoting marriage, especially among low-income single mothers with children, is increasingly viewed as a promising public policy strategy for improving developmental outcomes for disadvantaged children. Previous research suggests, however, that children's academic achievement either does not improve or declines when single mothers marry. In this paper, we argue that previous research may understate the benefits of mothers' marriages to children from single-parent families because (1) the short-term and long-term developmental consequences of marriage are not adequately distinguished and (2) child and family contexts in which marriage is likely to confer developmental advantages are not differentiated from those that do not. Using multiple waves of data from the ECLS-K, we find that single mothers' marriages are associated with modest but statistically significant improvements in their children's academic achievement trajectories. However, only children from more advantaged single-parent families benefit from their mothers' marriage. 相似文献
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叶慎花 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2010,29(11)
家庭是儿童成长的重要驿站,是儿童社会化和心理发展的第一课堂。要想预防和减少幼儿的行为问题,就要从家庭精神环境入手,营造良好的夫妻关系,改善不良的教养方式,塑造良好的行为习惯,为幼儿的健康成长创设良好的精神环境。 相似文献
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A Mediational Model of the Impact of Marital Conflict on Adolescent Adjustment in Intact and Divorced Families: The Role of Disrupted Parenting 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Robert Fauber Rex Forehand Amanda McCombs Thomas Michelle Wierson 《Child development》1990,61(4):1112-1123
The present study was concerned with the development and testing of a structural equation model wherein the relation of interparental conflict to the adjustment problems of young adolescents is mediated through its impact on 3 aspects of parenting behavior: lax control, psychological control, and parental rejection/withdrawal. The model was tested separately on a sample of 46 young adolescents from intact families and a group of 51 adolescents from recently divorced families. The hypothesis that most of the relation between martial conflict and adolescent adjustment problems could be explained through perturbations in the parent-child relationship received considerable support; the only direct effect of conflict was on externalizing problems in the intact sample. The results also suggested that the mediational patterns were somewhat different for the 2 samples, and that the model accounts for a greater proportion of the variance in the adjustment problems of adolescents from intact homes than of those from recently divorced families. 相似文献
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Depressed mothers' judgments about their children: an examination of the depression-distortion hypothesis 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The belief that depressed mothers have distorted perceptions of their children's problems has gained considerable currency in recent years. The empirical basis for this belief at present amounts to little more than reliable demonstrations that depressed mothers tend to report more behavior problems in their children than do nondepressed mothers. An obvious alternative to the distortion interpretation is that depressed mothers are accurate about their children's behavior problems. We examined these competing models by comparing teachers' ratings of children with ratings provided by their mothers, who varied on the dimensions of depressed mood, depressed clinical state, and history of depression. Mothers' and teachers' ratings yielded substantially similar portraits of child behavior problems at the group level, with children of in-remission and in-episode mothers manifesting significantly higher levels of behavior problems than children of control mothers. Moreover, agreement between mothers and teachers was in the moderate range for all index groups and did not differ significantly from the mean level of mother-teacher agreement reported by other investigators based on unselected samples. The limitations of these findings and of earlier reports for assessing a depression----distortion influence on mothers' ratings of their children are considered. 相似文献