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从社会学视角探讨和分析了我国高校体育在奥运会后受到的影响,结合＂后奥运时代＂我国社会、经济宏观背景的变化,从高校体育指导理念、竞技人才培养、体育教学、目标、内涵等方面对后奥运时代高校体育的职能走向进行了分析研究,探讨高校体育发展的方向,旨在为高校体育的健康发展提供理论参考。 相似文献
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后奥运时代中国竞技体育人力资源调控与可持续发展研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
北京奥运会的成功举办,标志中国后奥运时代的到来.本研究对后奥运时代中国竞技体育人力资源配置方式、结构调整、培养方式、人才流动调控等问题进行探讨,结果表明,后奥运时代中国竞技体育人力资源配置方式由行政计划型向计划与市场综合配置型转变;人力资源结构由竞赛参与型向体育保障和体育支持型扩散;人才培养方式由单一封闭型向多元、开放型转变;人才流动由封闭式向开放式转变.后奥运时代对我国竞技体育人力资源的有效调控是促进竞技体育可持续发展的必要条件,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值. 相似文献
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试论后奥运时代我国竞技体育的发展战略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
伴随北京奥运会的圆满落幕,我国的竞技体育事业进入了后奥运时代。为了促使我国竞技体育的进一步发展,本文分析了我国在北京奥运会上取得好成绩的原因,总结了我国竞技体育发展的经验以及现存的不足,并对如何在后奥运时代进一步促进我国竞技体育的发展提出了对策与建议。 相似文献
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"后奥运时代"政府竞技体育管理职能转变的目标选择 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
戴健 《上海体育学院学报》2010,34(6)
运用文献资料、访问调查等研究方法,探析后奥运时代政府竞技体育管理职能转变的目标,揭示竞技体育管理职能运行中存在的主要问题.从理论和实际角度对后奥运时代政府竞技体育管理职能转变的目标进行选择,提出"有限"、"有效"、"善治"等具体目标. 相似文献
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本文从＂举国体制＂出发,结合我国举国体制的形成、奥运项目的设置、竞技体育的现状、大众体育发展、学校体育的现状等方面进行分析。结果发现：中国现行的＂举国体制＂在局部已把竞技体育与群众体育、学校体育割裂开来,有逐渐成为三个独立体系的趋势,在这种背景下,我省的竞技体育发展具有一定局限性,同时也偏离了现代教育和现代体育精神。 相似文献
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后奥运时代中华武术与大众体育 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着我国后奥运时代的来临,体育发展战略必然从竞技体育向大众体育转变。武术被称为"国术",其文化积淀很深、群众基础雄厚,在后奥运时代发展中华武术有很大的优势,有助于我们走出一条有中国特色的全民健身道路。文章从中华武术的特点入手,在探讨后奥运时代大众健身特点的基础上,从后奥运时代推广武术作为大众体育项目的意义、推广武术作为大众体育项目的策略两个方面分析了后奥运时代中华武术对大众体育的影响。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,从举国体制、弱势项目发展、后备人才培养等三方面对后奥运时代我国竞技体育发展进行分析,提出了促进我国竞技体育可持续发展的对策。 相似文献
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高校体育精神教育的必要性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
体育精神是体育运动的最高产物,针对当前独生子女的特点,对大学生进行体育精神教育,探索体育精神教育在高校教育中的必要性,对学生形成健全的人格,促进学生的全面发展以及高校体育教学改革的深化具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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高水平竞技体育人才的不同培养模式对提高国家竞技体育水平和推动高校体育工作都有重要的意义.以清华大学的田径运动员胡凯和邓亚萍,人民大学奥运跳水冠军郭晶晶,北京体育大学举重奥运冠军张湘祥为案例,对高校培养高水平运动员模式进行研究,为高校的高水平竞技体育人才培养模式提供参考. 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献