共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Sukjin Kang Lawrence C. Scharmann Taehee Noh Hanjoong Koh 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(9):1037-1058
In this study, the relationships among students’ cognitive/motivational variables, cognitive conflict, and conceptual change were investigated. Subjects were 159 seventh graders in Korea. Tests regarding logical thinking ability, field dependence/independence (FDI), meaningful learning approach, failure tolerance, mastery goal orientation, and self‐efficacy were administered to examine students’ cognitive/motivational characteristics. A preconception test and a test of responses to discrepant event were also conducted to examine the degree of students’ cognitive conflict induced by a discrepant event. Computer‐assisted instruction, designed to change an undifferentiated weight‐density concept into a scientific density concept, was then provided to students as a conceptual change intervention. A conception test was administered as a post‐test. The results indicated that FDI was the only statistically significant variable correlated with the degree of cognitive conflict. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that logical thinking ability, FDI, and failure tolerance were statistically significant predictors of the conception test scores. Educational implications are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Bringing successful teaching approaches for stimulating conceptual change to normal classrooms has been a major challenge not only for teachers but also for researchers. In this study, we focused on the relationship between cognitive conflict and responses to anomalous data when students are confronted with a counterintuitive demonstration in the form of a discrepant event. The participants in this study were 96 secondary school students (9th grade) from S. Korea. We investigated students?? preconceptions of motion by administering a written test. After the exam, we presented a demonstration that may have conflicted with the ideas held by students. We then investigated the relationship between students?? cognitive conflict and responses to anomalous data by using a Cognitive Conflict Level Test (CCLT). Results showed that cognitive conflict initiated the first step in the process of conceptual change. Anxiety was an especially crucial component of cognitive conflict, affecting the relationship between cognitive conflict and students?? responses. In addition, superficial conceptual change was found to be the most common response. 相似文献
3.
This study investigated the effectiveness of combining conceptual change text and discussion web strategies on students' understanding
of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. Students' conceptual understanding of photosynthesis and respiration in plants
was measured using the two-tier diagnostic test developed by Haslam and Treagust (1987, Journal of Biological Education 21: 203--211). The test was administered as pretest and posttest to a total of 233 eighth-grade students in six intact classes
of the same school located in an urban area. The test of logical thinking was used to determine the reasoning ability of students.
The experimental group was a class of 116 students received discussion web and conceptual change text instruction. A class
of 117 students comprised the control group received a traditional instruction. After instruction, data were analyzed with
two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using the Test of Logical Thinking and pretest scores as covariate. The conceptual
change instruction, which explicitly dealt with students' misconceptions, produced significantly greater achievement in understanding
of photosynthesis and respiration in plant concepts. Analysis also revealed a significant difference between performance of
females and that of males in the favor of females, but the interaction of treatment with gender difference was not significant
for learning the concepts. 相似文献
4.
美国学生物理概念研究的发展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
美国的物理教育研究者采用了访谈、量表和计算机辅助测试技术对力学和电学等领域的学生物理概念进行研究,得出以下结论:(1)前概念广泛存在于学生头脑中,并会严重影响物理概念的学习;(2)传统教学很难改变学生的前概念;(3)有效"转变学生概念"的教学策略是激发学生认知冲突。 相似文献
5.
Georgios Tsitsipis Dimitrios Stamovlasis George Papageorgiou 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(4):777-802
In this study, the effect of 3 cognitive variables such as logical thinking, field dependence/field independence, and convergent/divergent thinking on some specific students’ answers related to the particulate nature of matter was investigated by means of probabilistic models. Besides recording and tabulating the students’ responses, a combination of binomial and multinomial logistic regression techniques was used to analyze the data. Thus, students’ misconceptions as well as the compatible-with-the-scientific-view student’s answers were explored one by one in relation to the above 3 cognitive variables. The study took place with the participation of 329 ninth-grade junior high school pupils (aged 14–15). The results showed that mostly logical thinking and sporadically the other 2 cognitive variables were significantly associated with students’ answers. Interpretation of the results and implications for science education are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Olavi Hakkarainen Maija Ahtee 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2007,5(3):461-482
This study concerns the question of how teachers can help pupils to perceive the concept of weight (gravitation). Fifth and
ninth graders were asked in a paper-and-pencil test to compare the weight of two objects suspended in a pulley-in-balance
half a year after the learning intervention consisting of three successive pulley-in-balance demonstrations. The understanding,
that some of the fifth graders seemed to have formed from the weight concept after the teacher-independent learning intervention,
had almost totally vanished in the delayed study. In the demonstrations the pulley served as an efficient prosthetic device
for thinking, helping pupils to pay attention to the behaviour of the whole system instead of looking only at the separate
objects. In the ninth grade about 45% of the pupils achieved general understanding about the pulley in balance by transferring
the scientific explanation from the pulley demonstrations to the paper-and-pen test. A learning-with-conflict model is proposed
based on pupil's alternative explanations about a discrepant event. These explanations are then challenged with a conflicting
event. When pupils see and understand how the concept works in different contexts it is possible for the pupils to reach a
context independent conceptual change. 相似文献
7.
Salem A. Al khawaldeh Ali M. Al Olaimat 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2010,19(2):115-125
The present study conducted to investigate the contribution of conceptual change texts, accompanied by concept mapping instruction
to eleventh-grade students’ understanding of cellular respiration concepts, and their retention of this understanding. Cellular
respiration concepts test was developed as a result of examination of related literature and interviews with teachers regarding
their observations of students’ difficulties. The test was administrated as pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-test to
a total of 70 eleventh-grade students in two classes of the same high school in an urban area, taught by the same teacher.
The experimental group was a class of 34 students who received conceptual change texts accompanied by concept mapping instruction.
A class of 36 students comprised the control group who received traditional instruction. Besides treatment, previous understanding
and logical thinking ability were other independent variables involved in this study. The results showed that logical thinking,
treatment, previous understanding of cellular respiration concepts each made a statistically significant contribution to the
variation in students’ understanding of cellular respiration concepts. The result also showed that conceptual change texts
accompanied by concept mapping instruction was significantly better than traditional instruction in retention of this understanding. 相似文献
8.
The role of conceptual conflict in conceptual change and the design of science instruction 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Conceptual conflict has long been recognized as a factor that could facilitate student learning. Due, however, to the lack of a convincing explanation of why it occurs, and how it can be resolved, it has seldom been used in instructional design. Its potential use in instruction is particularly relevant in the light of the recent, well-documented finding that students' existing conceptions frequently constitute a barrier to effective learning. This article examines conceptual conflict in the light of an epistemological model of learning as conceptual change. This analysis shows that the conceptual change model provides an explanation of conceptual conflict which is sufficiently detailed to allow it to be used in the design of instruction. The results of two studies, the first of which addressed the concepts of mass, volume, and density, and the second, the concept of speed, show that instruction, designed in this way, is effective in changing students' existing conceptions. 相似文献
9.
Gyoungho Lee Jaesool Kwon Sang‐Suk Park Jung‐Whan Kim Hyeok‐Gu Kwon Hac‐Kyoo Park 《科学教学研究杂志》2003,40(6):585-603
Based on conceptual change theory, cognitive conflict is known as an important factor in conceptual change even though there are still questions about its positive and negative effects on science learning. However, there is no reliable method by which to assess the cognitive conflict students experience in their learning. The purpose of this research was to develop an instrument for measuring secondary students' cognitive conflict levels as they learned science. The results of this study indicate that our instrument is a valid and reliable tool for measuring cognitive conflict levels. Factor analysis supported the model that cognitive conflict consists of four constructs: recognition of an anomalous situation, interest, anxiety, and cognitive reappraisal of the conflict situation. Implications for instruction and possibilities for future research are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 585–603, 2003 相似文献
10.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the cooperative learning approach based on conceptual change conditions
over traditional instruction on 10th grade students' conceptual understanding and achievement of computational problems related
to chemical equilibrium concepts. The subjects of this study consisted of 87 tenth grade students from two intact classes
of a Chemistry Course instructed by the same teacher. One of the classes was randomly assigned as the experimental group,
which was instructed with cooperative learning approach based on conceptual change conditions and the other class was assigned
as the control group, which was instructed with traditional instruction. Chemical Equilibrium Concept Test (CECT) was administered
to the experimental and the control groups as pre- and post-tests to measure the students' conceptual understanding, and Chemical
Equilibrium Achievement Test (CEAT) was administered to the experimental and the control groups as a post-test to measure
the students' achievements related to computational problems. Science Process Skills Test was used at the beginning of the
study to determine the students' science process skills. Multivariate Analysis of Covariate (MANCOVA) was used to analyze
the data. The results showed that students in the experimental group had better conceptual understanding, and achievement
of computational problems related to the chemical equilibrium concepts. Furthermore, students' science process skills were
accounted for a significant portion of variations in conceptual understanding and achievements related to the computational
problems. 相似文献
11.
Kudret Ozkal Ceren Tekkaya Jale Cakiroglu Semra Sungur 《Learning and individual differences》2009,19(1):71-79
This study proposed a conceptual model of relationships among constructivist learning environment perception variables (Personal Relevance, Uncertainty, Critical Voice, Shared Control, and Student Negotiation), scientific epistemological belief variables (fixed and tentative), and learning approach. It was proposed that learning environment perceptions predict learning approach directly and indirectly through scientific epistemological beliefs. Constructivist Learning Environment Survey, Scientific Epistemological Beliefs, and Learning Approach Questionnaire were administered to 1152 Turkish eight grade elementary school students to measure constructivist learning environment perceptions, scientific epistemological beliefs, and learning approach, respectively. Path analysis supported the model in general, although not all proposed paths were significant. All constructivist learning environment perception variables were found to predict learning approach directly and indirectly through tentative beliefs. The relationship between fixed beliefs and learning approach was not significant. Fixed beliefs were significantly related only with personal relevance variable. 相似文献
12.
The effects of cognitive thinking styles, trust, conflict management on online students' learning and virtual team performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaojing Liu Richard J. Magjuka Seung-hee Lee 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(5):829-846
13.
This paper reports a study of (1) students' responses to an anomaly generated by the juxtaposition of opposing explanatory frameworks and (2) the nature and impact of cognitive conflict as students move from pre-scientific to scientific explanatory frameworks concerning the concept of force. Both rational and emotional responses to anomaly were observed and student responses to anomaly were ranked according to the extent of disequilibrium generated. In addition, ways in which students resolve anomaly were recorded and processes associated with dissonance resolution and learning were hypothesized. Finally, the impact of dissonance was seen to influence students' epistemological beliefs about learning. 相似文献
14.
陈细兵 《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2004,19(2):95-96
当代社会，职业院校学生逻辑思维能力的培养非常必要。要加强学生逻辑思维能力的培养，必须从两方面着手：教学内容方面，概念要明确，做题讲逻辑；教学方法方面，要激发学生兴趣，寻找学习规律，善于总结方法。 相似文献
15.
大学生创新能力培养之我见 总被引：145，自引：0，他引：145
大学生创新能力的培养主要有两个障碍:思维标准化和知识无活力化。为此,大学生应在思维、人格、智慧三方面均有发展。在思维层面,应摆脱思维标准化与知识非活力化的束缚,大力开发个人的想象力和直觉思维;在人格层面,应敢于并善于质疑、批判和超越教师和书本知识;在智慧层面,应培养务实求真、灵活多变的精神。成功的创新实践要求人们坚持信念却不走极端,保持自信但不狂妄自大,并处理好创新与守旧、变化与稳定、理念与实效的矛盾关系。 相似文献
16.
张娜 《柳州职业技术学院学报》2009,9(2):138-141
针对当前国内翻译教学现状,提出在翻译教学中要加强学生对翻译本体的认知能力引导,注重理论教授,培养逻辑思维能力等,同时指出,加强思维和认知能力培养是为了更好地掌握和使用翻译技巧,实现更高效的翻译行为。 相似文献
17.
18.
建构主义理论运用于科学教学的15条原则 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
随着建构主义理论在科学教育领域中的运用与逐渐流行,一种基于建构主义的新的科学教学模式正在兴起。这种教学模式要求在科学教学中,应把科学知识的学习看作是学生主动建构知识的过程;应把科学探究作为学生建构科学知识的最重要的学习方式;应充分发挥学生在学习中的自主性,视学生为科学知识的主动建构者;承认学生的原有知识经验在学习中的重要性,了解并正确处理学生的前概念;运用概念转变策略,帮助学生实现概念转变;引发学生的认知冲突,激起学生科学探究的欲望;发挥教师的指导作用,为学生的知识建构提供支持条件;提供真实的情境,让学生获得经验,在情境中建构知识的理解;鼓励学生发问,提出开放性问题,让学生在问题解决中建构知识;开展多种形式的对话,在对话中建构知识;鼓励学生合作与交流,为知识的社会建构提供机会;鼓励学生反省,学会自主监控学习过程;重视学习方法指导,为学生知识建构提供认知工具与策略;提供学习资源,让学生参与寻找用于解决问题的信息;采用形成性评价,强调学生在学习过程中的表现。 相似文献
19.
The main objective of this study is to construct a Lakatosian teaching strategy that can facilitate conceptual change in students' understanding of chemical equilibrium. The strategy is based on the premise that cognitive conflicts must have been engendered by the students themselves in trying to cope with different problem solving strategies. Results obtained (based on Venezuelan freshman students) show that the performance of the experimental group of students was generally better (especially on the immediate posttests) than that of the control group. It is concluded that a conceptual change teaching strategy must take into consideration the following aspects: a) core beliefs of the students in the topic (cf. 'hard core', Lakatos 1970); b) exploration of the relationship between core beliefs and student alternative conceptions (misconceptions); c) cognitive complexity of the core belief can be broken down into a series of related and probing questions; d) students resist changes in their core beliefs by postulating 'auxiliary hypotheses' in order to resolve their contradictions; e) students' responses based on their alternative conceptions must be considered not as wrong, but rather as models, perhaps in the same sense as used by scientists to break the complexity of a problem; and f) students' misconceptions be considered as alternative conceptions (theories) that compete with the present scientific theories and at times recapitulate theories scientists held in the past. 相似文献
20.
Herman Witkin's research in differentiation theory proposed a conceptual framework describing the cognitive style known as field dependence‐independence. The operational measures of this construct are restructuring skills and interpersonal competencies, and were originally conceived to be fixed in an individual. A recent reconceptual‐isation, however, suggested that there may be some malleability in learning strategies that flow from cognitive style. Learners predisposed to field dependence might gain access to restructuring skills brought to problem‐solving situations by field independents. This study undertook to examine the effects and practicability of restructuring training as a means of addressing individual learner differences. Field independent subjects significantly out‐scored field‐dependent subjects on all three test tasks in the control group. Experimental group field independents did not significantly outscore experimental field dependents. Training enhanced field dependent subject performance on two dependent measures tasks. There was interaction across treatment and field dependence on all three dependent measures. 相似文献