共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 888 毫秒
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采用自编“竞技体育教练员职业压力源问卷”,对山东省278名竞技体育教练员职业压力状况进行调研.结果表明:竞技体育教练员总体压力居中等偏上程度,其职业压力主要来自运动员因素、工作-家庭冲突、组织结构和氛围、工作任务本身、职业发展以及人际关系6个方面.人口统计学变量对教练员职业压力具有一定的影响,在性别、年龄、学历及婚姻状况变量上存在显著差异. 相似文献
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作为培养优秀运动员队伍的主力军,教练员在体育强国建设的征程中肩负着神圣的使命与责任。以教练员服务行为为自变量,探究其对运动员训练投入的影响机理以及感恩的中介效应,通过问卷星线上对319名上海市业余体校运动员随机展开调查。发现：(1)教练员服务行为、感恩、运动员训练投入呈显著正相关关系;(2)教练员服务行为对运动员训练投入具有显著正向影响;(3)感恩在教练员服务行为和运动员训练投入之间发挥部分中介效应;(4)教练员服务行为4个维度(说服引导、利他主义、智慧启迪和民族责任感)对运动员训练投入均有不同程度的正向预测作用,且相比而言,利他主义更为重要。建议：塑造教练员服务型管理和执教风格,增强运动员训练投入积极性;建立完善的运动员资料档案,激发教练员利他主义行为倾向;加强运动员感恩素质教育,提升感恩认知和行为。 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2019,(2):241-245
射箭动作节奏的一致性是射箭项目教练员一直关注的重点。研究运用高速摄影机在不干扰射箭运动员训练和比赛的条件下,对我国里约奥运会4名优秀反曲弓射箭运动员的射箭动作节奏特征与成绩关系进行研究。结果发现优秀射箭运动员在瞄准节奏上具有显著性差异(P<0.05),10环与非10环成绩在瞄准节奏上具有显著性差异(P<0.05),说明优秀运动员在最佳瞄准阶段时间越长,运动员的成绩越稳定。优秀射箭运动员的声动反应时间不具有显著性差异(P>0.05),说明声动反应并不能作为优秀射箭运动员技术监控的有效指标。因此,作为国家队教练员不能一味强调射箭技术的快节奏,需要注重射箭技术训练的质量。 相似文献
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运动员心理韧性与运动成绩密切相关。采用胡月琴编制的青少年心理韧性量表,对福建省和湖南省284名优秀竞技运动员进行调查。采用问卷调查法、文献资料法和数理统计法进行研究,结果分析显示优秀竞技运动员心理韧性中等偏上;男女运动员在目标专注、情绪控制、家庭支持、人际协助方面存在显著性差异;方差分析显示全国前8名、国内前8名、省及市前8名在情绪控制、家庭支持、人际协助及积极认知方面存在显著差异;农村生源在目标专注、情绪控制、积极认知方面优于城市生源;个人项目运动员比团体项目运动员具有更高的心理韧性。 相似文献
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我国部分优势竞技运动项目教练员领导行为特征与评价研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以领导理论和教练员多维系统理论为依据．采用问卷调查、现场观察和访问等多种方法，探讨我国优势竞技项目教练员领导行为特征与执教效果等问题。结果表明，运动员特征因素对教练员执教的风格有较大的影响；男运动员认知的肯定程度优于女运动员；运动员期望教练员领导行为方式与实际认知之间存在较大差距；教练员领导行为与运动员获取优秀运动成绩有着密切关系；教练员感知能力高于实际领导行为的均值；教练员设置预期目标只有略高于优秀运动员的期望目标，才有可能更好地完成最终的预期目标。 相似文献
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文章通过对赛场观众噪音干扰与运动员能力关系进行实验研究,以期为教练员指导运动员参加运动训练及比赛提供依据。研究结果表明:赛场噪音干扰对运动员运动能力的发挥确有一定的影响,特别是对不同距离实射黄心率的影响显著,优秀运动员实射状态下的抗干扰能力显著强于普通运动员。但对专项心理能力的影响并不显著,优秀运动员与普通运动员的差异也并不明显,这可能与运动员日常此类心理训练的频率不高有关。 相似文献
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橄榄球运动具有团体性项目中最为激烈的对抗性,这导致橄榄球运动员出现运动损伤的风险是显著的,因此如何针对橄榄球运动损伤进行有效预防成为教练员和运动员们所关注的内容。该研究主要基于英语文献,对橄榄球项目的运动损伤特征、影响因素及监控策略进行了梳理与分析,研究表明(1)橄榄球运动员的损伤类型、部位和严重程度具有明显的橄榄球专项特征,依据橄榄球运动员主要损伤类型、部位及严重程度采取针对性的预防措施能够降低球队的伤病风险;(2)橄榄球运动员运动损伤的影响因素主要包括伤病史、比赛与训练负荷、竞技水平、年龄与性别、接触动作、球员位置以及疲劳,依据运动损伤影响因素对训练和比赛过程进行合理控制能够减少运动损伤对球队整体竞技能力的影响;(3)橄榄球运动员的损伤监控策略主要包括运动损伤预筛查、建立运动损伤监测系统以及进行多学科合作参与,通过对橄榄球运动损伤监控策略的应用和探索可以从根源上提高橄榄球队的运动损伤监控效果。 相似文献
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AbstractThis paper aims to interrogate the key policy factors behind South Korea’s archery success. Based on our review on the history of Korean archery, two additional key elements in terms of organization and administration were also included to form the analytical framework of this research, aside from Green and Houlihan’s four key policy elements. Our analytical framework is thus comprised of two background elements for elite sport development – the organizational structure and administration, and four areas of elite sport policy. According to our analytical framework, this paper highlights four key policy dimensions that have influenced South Korea’s archery success, as follows: (i) establishment of the Korean Archery Association (KAA) and the involvement of business elites; (ii) emergence of potential full-time archers by the identification of, and the support for, young talented athletes; (iii) developments in sport science, coaching, and facilities/equipment; and (iv) the provision of more systematic competition opportunities for elite-level archers. In summary, the success of Korean archers might be closely linked to the result of the KAA’s staunch strategy and policy initiatives encouraged by the government for international sporting success and the way in which the organization has paid more salient attention to the policy commitments as noted above. 相似文献
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射箭运动技术诊断是该项目科学化训练的难点和要点,研究结果发现,通过超高速影像和三维红外线运动学分析的方法,以及高精度的时间、速度、位移等系列运动学指标的测量和射箭运动力学原理的综合运用,能够有效地监控射箭运动员的专项技术状态;高水平射箭运动员专项技术动作具有撒放时间短、声动反应快、箭速高、动作稳定性和一致性高的特点;另外,从功能原理与专项技术规律角度深入分析了反向动作与动作效率、动作稳定性等要素的因果关系,提出了优化撒放方式、减小反向动作幅度、增强动作控制能力是提高射箭技术水平的重要途径。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):213-222
Abstract At the end of the aiming phase, an archer pulls the arrow back a little bit before he releases the shot. This pulling back of the arrow is called the “final pull”. Simultaneous with the final pull, the archer has to hold the bow calm. The aim of this paper was to examine the motion of the bow and the final pull in highly skilled archers. From a technological point of view, we wished to develop a system to measure the draw-length in the final pull that could be used during archers’ normal training. Seven archers (two males, five females), all of whom were participants at the Junior World Championships and German National Championships, performed 66 shots indoors at a target 30 m away. Each archer shot the same bow as used in competition. On-target trajectories of the aim point movement were measured. Also, the alterations of the draw-length in the final pull were determined. The results suggest that irregularities in the final pull have a negative influence on archers’ scores. Intra-individually, a smaller range of motion of the bow in the last second before the shot appears to have a positive influence on archers’ scores. 相似文献
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为探讨我国田径运动员的认知风格、竞赛焦虑特征与竞技水平发挥的关系,采用镶嵌图形测验和竞赛状态焦虑问卷的方法,对我国15个省、市优秀田径运动员93人进行调查。结果显示:①我国优秀田径运动员有场依存者和场独立者,个体差异情况较大;田径运动员认知状态焦虑低于田径常模、躯体状态焦虑显著低于常模,状态自信心显著高于常模,场独立运动员躯体状态焦虑显著高于场依存运动员,认知状态焦虑更低而状态自信心更高。②认知风格与认知状态焦虑显著负相关,与躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心正相关,认知风格是影响认知状态焦虑的一个主因素。③两种认知风格运动员与竞技水平发挥率负相关,场独立运动员竞技水平发挥率更高;竞技水平发挥高组的运动员认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑更低,状态自信心更高;竞技水平发挥高组与认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑负相关,竞技水平发挥低组与认知状态焦虑负相关、与躯体状态焦虑正相关,两组运动员与状态自信心正相关;回归分析表明竞赛焦虑的三个维度均不能预测竞技水平发挥程度。 相似文献
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信息量与认知风格对击剑运动员决策速度和准确性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了信息量与决策风格对不同水平和性别的击剑运动员的决策速度和准确性的影响。被试为国家击剑队、江苏省击剑队和江苏省体校的花剑和重剑运动员，以及江苏省现代五项队重剑运动员，共89名。用MANOVA等方法对实验结果进行分析，结果表明，运动水平和信息量是影响击剑运动员决策速度和准确性的主要因素；优秀组花剑和重剑运动员在决策速度上具有绝对优势，不仅远远快于一般水平组运动员，而且也显著快于普通高水平组运动员。信息量主要影响击剑运动员的决策准确性，但对花剑和重剑运动员的影响不一致。认知风格影响花剑运动员的决策准确性，认知风格和性别共同影响重剑运动员的决策速度。提示，决策速度可以作为高级击剑运动员选材的重要指标，也是普通高水平运动员在向优秀级迈进过程中的训练要点。 相似文献
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《大学生运动员意志品质评价量表》的修订简化与信效度检验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
旨在开发一个可用于体育运动实践的简便有效的运动员意志品质测量工具.对原有的<优秀运动员意志品质评价量表>进行修订简化,并搜集了量表修订前、后的信效度资料.结果表明,"完整版"和"简化版"<大学生运动员意志品质评价量表>均具有较好的内部一致性信度、内容效度和结构效度,二者保持了较高的内部一致性,其综合评价效果基本吻合.建议可用于对运动员的意志品质进行监测和评价,研究者可根据实际情况,有选择性地使用"简化版"或"完整版"量表. 相似文献
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A. Rui Gomes A. Manuela Gonçalves Olga Dias Catarina Morais 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2019,90(1):80-94
Purpose: This study tested two hypotheses relating young athletes’ sports motivations to parental behaviors and cognitive appraisal: (1) young athletes’ motivation in sports is related to their parents’ behavior; and (2) this relationship is mediated by cognitive appraisal, even after controlling for competitive level and sports records. Method: This cross-sectional study included 673 young athletes and it measured the athletes’ perceptions of parental behaviors, cognitive appraisal, and sports motivation. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed Hypothesis 1–the mother’s behaviors accounted for 15 to 16% of the variance in sports motivation, and the father’s behaviors accounted for 12 to 21% of the variance. The correlation patterns differed according to whether the athletes were evaluating the mother’s or father’s behaviors. Hypothesis 2 also was confirmed, for cognitive appraisal partially mediated the relationship between the perception of parental behaviors and sports motivation (34% of the variance was accounted for by the perception of the mother’s behavior; 30% by the father’s). The mediating model did not vary with competitive level or sports records. Conclusion: Parental behaviors and cognitive appraisal need to be taken into account to understand young athletes’ sports motivations. 相似文献
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Postural consistency in skilled archers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The consistency of an archer's postural set at the moment of loose (arrow release) is commonly perceived to be an important determinant of success. The coach seeks, among other things, to provide the archer with information about postural consistency, details of which he acquires by eye or occasionally by video-recordings. The gains that might be achieved from more precise information are examined here. Nine skilled archers, classified into either skilled or elite groups according to their officially computed handicap, were continuously monitored and measured with a three-dimensional co-ordinate analyser (Charnwood Dynamics Coda-3 Scanner) while shooting two ends (series) of three arrows each. Considerable variability was observed in the precision with which the positions of head, elbow and bow at the moment of loose were replicated by archers of similar levels of skill. These results are interpreted to suggest that precise postural consistency may not be the primary feature distinguishing between the performance of archers at the higher skill levels. 相似文献