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1.
王宇 《体育学刊》2023,(1):74-80
教练员领导行为是影响运动员心理素质、竞技水平的关键要素,厘清教练员领导行为与运动员运动表现的关系,对促进科学系统训练、提升运动员竞技水平具有重要意义。通过构建教练员领导行为与运动员运动表现的关系模型,采用分层抽样方法对北京先农坛体校和什刹海体校运动员进行调查,并运用回归分析对调查结果进行实证。结果显示:专制领导行为、民主领导行为、训练指导行为、社会支持行为、积极反馈行为对运动表现都具有显著的正向影响;心理准备在教练员领导行为和运动员运动表现之间存在显著的中介作用;运动焦虑在民主领导行为、社会支持行为、积极反馈行为对运动员运动表现之间存在显著的中介作用,而在专制领导行为和训练指导行为对运动员运动表现的中介效应不显著。研究表明,教练员的不同领导行为及方式对提高运动员运动表现具有不同效果。教练员应及时调整运动员心理准备,降低运动员心理焦虑,提升运动员心理素质,促进运动员自我价值提升,进而促使运动员获得更好的运动表现。  相似文献   

2.
目的:运用交叉滞后研究设计方案,探讨教练员关怀行为、群体认同感对高校非专业男子篮球运动员运动投入的综合影响。方法:采用教师关怀行为量表、感知群体认同量表和运动投入问卷,对607名高校非专业男子篮球运动员进行12周、两阶段的纵向追踪调查。结果:对于高校非专业男子篮球运动员,教练员关怀行为与其群体认同感、运动投入具有跨时间、稳定的正相关(P<0.01);交叉滞后分析显示,教练员的关怀行为能够正向预测运动员12周后的群体认同感和运动投入水平(P<0.001),运动员的群体认同感能够正向预测12周后的运动投入水平(P<0.001),并且,在教练员关怀行为与运动员运动投入的影响链上,运动员的群体认同感具备中介效应。结论:对于高校非专业男子篮球运动员,教练员的关怀行为能够提升运动员群体认同感、改善运动投入水平;教练员关怀行为能够通过提升运动员群体认同感而间接促进运动投入水平。  相似文献   

3.
焉石 《冰雪运动》2015,(6):1-10
为了探讨和比较中、韩短道速滑教练员领导行为与运动员意志品质间的关系,采用AMOS结构方程模型并利用《运动领导行为量表》(Chelladurai)和《BTL-L-YZ2.0运动员意志品质量表》(李佑发)分别对中国88名、韩国81名短道速滑运动员进行了心理测量。结果表明,中国方面,教练员的训练指导行为和奖励行为对运动员的自觉性具有显著正向影响;民主行为对运动员独立性具有显著正向影响;训练指导行为对运动员坚韧性具有显著正向影响。而韩国方面,教练员唯独专制行为对运动员的自觉性、果断性及坚韧性具有显著负向影响。通过比较提示我们,教练员领导行为对运动员意志品质形成具有影响作用,而且不同文化背景下,针对提高运动员的意志品质,教练员应该采取与该文化背景相适宜的领导行为,对提升我国短道速滑运动员意志品质具有理论意义和实践意义。  相似文献   

4.
在民族传统体育项目训练过程中,教练员是实施训练活动的控制者,对培养运动员的技战术水平起着主导因素,其行为和管理理念会直接影响运动员的行为和心理动机。运用HLM分别从教练员行为的3个维度和运动员心理活动的5个维度进行分析,研究发现:(1)教练对队员的好胜行为持反对态度对运动员的好胜行为和同伴认可之间的斜率呈负向效应,这一态度对队员的怯战行为和自我评价概念的关系有正向影响;(2)教练对怯战行为的同情态度能削弱队员怯战行为和自我评价概念之间的负向关系但不显著;(3)教练对队员的关爱能削弱队员好胜行为和同伴认可之间的负向关系,加强队员好胜行为和自我评价概念之间的联系。  相似文献   

5.
研究目的:研究把运动员的害怕失败作为中介变量,探索感知的教练员领导行为对运动员心理疲劳影响的解释机制,并着重观察运动员所感知的教练员民主领导行为和专制领导行为的不同作用影响。研究方法:在全国范围内采用随机抽样法,让处于不同项目和不同等级的347名(男性为173人;女性为174)专业运动员完成“运动领导行为量表”、“失败表现评估量表”以及“运动员心理疲劳问卷”,所获数据采用回归和Bootstrap分析,分别对构建的民主领导行为解释假设模型和专制领导行为解释假设模型进行拟合。研究结果:①感知教练员民主领导行为会显著减少运动员的心理疲劳感,而知教练员专制领导行为则会显著增加运动员的心理疲劳;②感知教练员民主领导行为与运动员害怕失败不存在显著相关性,而感知教练员专制领导行为则会显著增加运动员的害怕失败;③由于感知教练员民主领导行为与运动员的害怕失败不具有显著相关性,因此害怕失败在民主领导行为假设模型中的中介解释作用假设不成立;④由于感知教练员专制型领导行为会显著增加运动员害怕失败,所以害怕失败在专制领导行为假设模型中的中介解释作用假设成立。研究结论:通过对运动员所感知到的两种教练员领导行为进行观察,可以发现专制型领导行为对运动员的负面情绪影响是多方面的。它不仅会在训练和比赛的过程中直接引起运动员的心理疲劳,还会通过运动员害怕失败感的叠加效应来增加其心理疲劳。因此,研究建议在运动实践中应该提倡教练员有计划性的多采用民主型的领导行为帮助运动员有效的减少心理疲劳。  相似文献   

6.
为了探究教练员领导行为、群体凝聚力、训练比赛满意感对竞赛表现的影响,采用教练员领导行为量表、群体环境问卷、训练比赛满意感量表对241名参赛队员进行调查,且各量表均通过了信效度检验。结果显示:1)民主型领导行为对竞赛表现的总预测效应不显著,出现了"遮掩效应";2)民主型领导行为可以通过群体凝聚力和训练比赛满意感的中介作用对竞赛表现产生间接影响,具体包括3条中介路径:通过群体任务吸引的中介路径;通过训练比赛满意感的中介路径;通过群体任务吸引和训练比赛满意感的链式中介路径。中介模型的建构,在一定程度上解释了教练员领导行为影响竞赛表现的内在机制,可为运动队成绩提高提供一定参考。  相似文献   

7.
旨在探讨我国CUBA联赛教练员领导行为特征。以参加2011年第十四届中国大学生篮球联赛(CUBA)的1575名运动员为调查对象,利用《大学篮球队教练员领导行为问卷》为研究工具进行问卷调查。结果表明:大学篮球运动员在训练过程中对教练员的领导行为的感知程度高低依次为技术指导行为、训练行为、正向反馈行为、民主行为、关怀行为。不同水平、组别、年级、训练年限及参赛经验的大学篮球运动员感知的教练员领导行为有显著差异,但不同性别运动员感知的教练员领导行为无显著差异。  相似文献   

8.
目的:检定初中生主观规范正向影响运动投入的链式中介模型及不同性别跨群组恒等性,解释初中生角色认同与运动激情中介作用机制。方法:构建以主观规范为自变量,运动投入为因变量,角色认同和激情为有因果关系的中介变量的链式双重中介模型。在软件AMOS 24中运用Bootstrap检验方法,对295名被调查初中生的量表数据进行模型拟合。结果:(1)初中生角色认同和运动激情中介主观规范影响运动投入的关系,构成链式中介结构模型,形成三条中介路径;(2)初中男生和女生主观规范影响运动投入的链式中介模型结构恒等,影响机制较为一致;(3)角色认同与运动激情完全中介了初中生主观规范影响运动投入的关系,主观规范影响运动投入的直接效应未达显著,初中生主观规范对运动投入的影响机制更趋向内化。结论:运动激情中介初中生主观规范影响运动投入的效应高于角色认同,运动激情可能成为计划行为理论中行为意向预测锻炼行为阶段的新贡献变量。研究期望为学校体育设计、家庭运动引导与社会体育干预提供学生运动投入影响因素及运行机制的理论支持和实践依据。  相似文献   

9.
探讨我国高水平手球队凝聚力是否对教练员领导行为、运动员角色投入与运动员满意度具有中介作用。赛前使用群体环境问卷对160名参加全国女子手球锦标赛的运动员进行凝聚力测试,赛后使用运动领导行为量表、运动员角色投入问卷、运动员满意度问卷对上述运动员进行了测试。运用Baron和Kenny(1986)线性回归分析方法对凝聚力的中介作用给予检验。结果表明,运动员所知觉到的领导行为和角色投入对团队成绩满意度、团队一致满意度影响显著,但该影响由于凝聚力的加入而变小或变得不显著。说明凝聚力对领导行为、角色投入与团队成绩满意度、团队一致性满意度具有中介作用。  相似文献   

10.
研究目的:探讨球类集体项目教练员家长式领导行为三维度与运动员对教练员信任三维度的关系。研究样本:WCBA球队、进入全国分赛区的CUBA球队、CUBS联赛球队的222名运动员。研究方法:主要包括量表测试法,数理统计法的验证性因子分析、多元线性回归分析等。研究结论:球类集体项目教练员家长式领导行为的仁慈领导、德行领导对教练员能力信任均有显著的正向预测作用;教练员家长式领导行为的威权领导对教练员的能力信任具有显著的反向预测作用。仁慈领导对教练员仁爱心信任具有显著的正向预测作用。仁慈领导和德行领导对教练员公正一致性信任均具有显著的正向预测作用。  相似文献   

11.
运动员感染新型冠状病毒会对身体机能与运动能力产生明显的影响。在新毒株仍然流行于世界范围内的背景下,如何帮助运动员安全、快速地恢复训练是当前竞技体育面临的实践需求。通过总结新冠病毒感染对运动能力、心理和营养状况的影响,归纳恢复训练的原则和如何分期训练,首次提出针对我国运动员在康复后进行评估、科学监控及心理和营养干预的措施,为体育工作者制定与实施恢复训练计划提供参考,力图以此为起点推进我国运动员感染新冠病毒后恢复训练的进一步科学研究。  相似文献   

12.
The purpose of the present study, grounded in self-determination theory, was to explore the relationship between Paralympic athletes' perceptions of autonomy-supportive coach behavior, basic psychological needs, and intrinsic motivation to know, accomplish, and experience stimulation. One hundred thirteen Canadian Paralympic athletes completed an online survey, consisting of measures of coach autonomy support; of perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness; and of intrinsic motivation. Perceived coach autonomy support was a predictor of athletes' perceptions of autonomy and relatedness. Perceived competence was a significant predictor of all three forms of intrinsic motivation, while perceived autonomy was a significant predictor of intrinsic motivation to accomplish and experience stimulation. The results highlight the important relationship between coach behavior and athlete motivation in disability sport.  相似文献   

13.
Coach–athlete romantic relationships and consensual sexual relations are commonly accepted among coaches and athletes, although a growing number of sport organisations discourage or prohibit such relationships. In research, coach–athlete sexual relationships are lumped together with sexual abuse, suggested to harm athletes' well-being, performance, athletic career and team dynamics, and to inherently constitute an abuse of power, trust and ethics. In addition, mistrust of coaches' motives, related to physical touch and fear of sexual misconduct, has resulted in a growing anxiety among coaches. This paper highlights and critically discusses research conceptualisations, contextual understandings and critical issues surrounding coach–athlete sexual relationships, on which there is no comprehensive research outside the sexual abuse context. Studies of authority–subordinate romantic relationships in other social settings have reported that such relationships facilitate both positive and negative characteristics and outcomes. To prevent and reduce harm and to promote well-being, functionality and safe practice in coach–athlete sexual and non-sexual relationships, I suggest that comprehensive research outside the sexual abuse context is required. In addition to the previous research focus on harmful and abusive relationships, coach–athlete sexual relationships that are experienced as consenting and mutually fulfilling by the involved parties need further examination.  相似文献   

14.
羽毛球多球训练初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用运动训练学原理对羽毛球的多球训练进行分析,得出羽毛球多球训练不仅能提高运动员的身体素质,而且也能提高运动员的专项运动技术;同时,羽毛球多球训练中,其球数、组合、运动时间与间歇时间不同,训练的目的性也不同。最后从生物化学角度简单分析了多球训练对运动在速度及速度耐力方面训练的作用。  相似文献   

15.
目的:通过对备战2016年里约奥运会的国家赛艇队12名公开级女子双桨组运动员6周功能性力量训练前后功能动作筛查测试(FMS)成绩进行动作质量的比较,探讨功能性力量训练对运动员身体功能动作质量的影响,以便为今后备战比赛过程中制定提高运动员动作质量和运动技巧的功能性力量训练计划提供参考;方法:选取12名优秀女子赛艇运动员为研究对象,对研究对象在云南会泽高原训练基地训练期间进行6周功能性力量训练干预,并在实验前后对运动员FMS 测试的7个评价身体功能动作的得分进行比较;结果:6周功能性力量训练后,运动员各指标得分平均提高为深蹲0.7分、跨栏架步1.3分、直线弓箭步0.9分和躯干稳定性俯卧撑1.1分,4个动作得分较实验前都显著提高(P<0.05),而肩关节灵活性、主动直膝抬腿、旋转稳定性3个动作的得分较实验前无显著差异(P>0.05);结论:6周的功能性力量训练有效地改善了运动员做深蹲、跨栏架步、直线弓箭步和躯干稳定性俯卧撑功能动作等的动作模式,表明采用的功能性力量训练计划科学合理,可为今后备战比赛过程中运动员功能性力量训练计划的制定提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

While an increasing number of research is devoted to the understanding of placebo effects in sports, athletes' experiences with and attitudes towards the use of placebo for performance enhancement remain poorly understood. In this study, 79 elite athletes from different sports were surveyed on five issues related to placebo use in sports. Results showed that 47% of the athletes have experienced placebo effects in the past. A majority of the athletes (82%) thought that placebos could affect their sports performances. A wider use of placebos in sport settings was endorsed more by those who have experienced placebo effects in the past than those who did not (P = .005). Regardless of past experience with placebo, more than half of the athletes (53%) would accept an unknown but legitimate substance from the coach, and 67% of them would not mind a placebo-linked deception if that was effective. These findings confirm that most elite athletes believe in the power of placebos in enhancing sports performance, and those having a positive past experience exhibit slightly more favourable attitudes in contrast to those without such experiences.  相似文献   

17.
This paper takes as its starting point that coaches' efforts at planning their athletes' training are a complex practice involving so many variables that the logic of how they all ‘fit together’ to produce a peak performance is never obvious or clear. However, many coaches operate as if their athletes' training programmes can be assembled in a coherent, rational manner, or as if ‘systems’ exist to make planning an orderly sequence of steps or stages. Drawing on the work of Foucault, and his call to problematise the development and formation of dominant practices, I examine in this paper the discursive construction of contemporary planning practices used by middle- and long-distance running coaches. Further, I discuss how coaches' knowledge of planning is enmeshed within relations of power, that weaved in discourses, and imprinted on athletes' bodies and bodily practices, attempt to assert the ‘truth’ about the practice of planning.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Positive values for fairness in competition are supposed to undergird the behavior of athletes engaged in sport. Whether athletes' values actually develop over 4 years in a college that emphasizes character development is the focus of this study. Athletes' (N = 631) use of deontological ethics (Hahm, Beller &; Stoll, 1989) in 21 sports value dilemmas were evaluated. At entrance, as well as near graduation, intercollegiate athletes' value scores were lower than intramural athletes' scores. Both groups' scores declined while they were in college. Individual-sport athletes had higher scores than team-sport athletes but manifested a greater decline over 4 years. The findings are consistent with other studies that show decreases in “sportsmanship orientation” and an increase in “professional” attitudes associated with participation in sport.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Most research on the correlates of sport involvement has utilized male samples. The present study focuses on a sample of high school girl gymnasts, basketball players, track participants, and a control group of nonathletes. The correlates of participation investigated include familial factors, peers, teachers and coaches' encouragement to participate in sports, and the social psychological variables of perceived femininity, self-reported athletic ability, and body image. The findings indicate that socialization into sport begins in childhood and continues into high school with considerable encouragement from significant others. The basketball players reported somewhat less encouragement and tend to see themselves as less feminine than the other athletes. Athletes had higher self-perceptions of athletic ability than the nonathletes. The athletes' perceptions of their body image were generally more positive than the nonathletes. This latter finding suggests a reduction of stigma formerly associated with female involvement in sport.  相似文献   

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