共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
多重数学样例的变异性对学习者学习迁移的影响是:样例的变异性对学习者学习迁移的影响与迁移程度有关.对近迁移而言,样例的变异水平对其影响不大,但对于中等迁移和远迁移而言,样例的变异水平有显著影响. 相似文献
2.
以平均数差异检验为学习材料,探讨自我解释与样例学习方式对数学概念原理掌握和问题解决的影响及其影响的延时效应.结果表明:自我解释能有效地促进概念原理的掌握和问题的解决;教学奈件下的样例学习对远迁移问题的解决具有明显促进作用;自我解释与样例学习方式对大学生数学学习的影响是独立的,没有交互作用;自我解释与教学对大学生数学学习的影响具有延时效应. 相似文献
3.
国外有关样例学习的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
样例学习又叫从例中学,是学习者通过研习样例而习得专家的问题解决方法的一种学习方式。对这一学习方式的研究肇始于20世纪中期认知心理学家对概念形成的研究。从例中学与从做中学相比,前者所需的时间少,有较好的迁移效果,能减轻学生的认知负荷。对样例的设计要注意减轻学生的工作记忆负担,促进知识的整合和迁移。学生对样例的自我解释在样例学习中起着关键作用。 相似文献
4.
陈满琪 《福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,(3):145-148
样例学习是当前研究学习迁移的热点之一。文章主要介绍了现有样例学习研究的主要方面 ,包括样例学习加工机制的研究、样例设计的研究和影响样例学习迁移效果因素的研究。此外 ,文章还对样例学习研究的意义 ,以及现有研究对学习产生的影响做了简单的评论 ,并指出了样例学习研究有待进一步解决的问题。 相似文献
5.
迁移理论认为，知识具有迁移性，一种知识的学习过程和结果会对另一种知识的学习和运用具有影响力，由此可以推断，已有的知识和经验对完成其他的工作具有影响力，即运用已有的知识或经验可以解决新的问题。根据影响效果迁移可以分为正迁移和负迁移。正迁移指一种学习对另一种学习起到积极的促进作用；负迁移指两种学习之间的相互干扰、阻碍。本文所述为正迁移。 相似文献
6.
样例学习是学习者从例示了一般概念、原理、程序的例子中习得解决问题方法的一种学习方式.和单纯的问题解决学习方式相比,样例学习不仅费时少、迁移效果好,还可减轻学生学习时的认知负荷.早期的样例学习研究集中于数学、物理等学科的单内容样例的学习,最近的研究开始涉及没有明确解题步骤的双内容样例的学习.样例学习的重要机制是学习者对样... 相似文献
7.
＂为迁移而学＂是当今教育探讨的重要话题,样例学习对于学习迁移具有重要的作用,该文就针对样例学习的基本概念、步骤和影响因素的总结来探讨其对问题解决的积极影响,促进学习者更有效的＂为迁移而学＂。 相似文献
8.
教育心理学对“迁移”作了如下定义:“迁移是指一种学习对另一种学习的影响。”按其效果可以分为正迁移(一种学习对另一种学习的促进作用)和负迁移(一种学习对另一种学习的干扰作用)两种类型,我们所说的迁移一般都是指正迁移。知识迁移能力是将所学知识应用到新的情境,解决新问 相似文献
9.
教育心理学对“迁移”做了如下定义:“迁移是指一种学习对另一种学习的影响。”按其效果可以分为正迁移(一种学习对另一种学习的促进作用)和负迁移(一种学习对另一种学习的干扰作用)两种类型,我们所说的迁移一般都是指正迁移。知识迁移能力是将所学知识应用到新的情境,解决新问题 相似文献
10.
样例学习在中学化学教学中应用的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对在中学化学教学中开展样例学习进行了初步研究，结果表明，样例学习对于新手认知技能习得有较大促进作用，被试学生不仅在近迁移项目上有很好的表现，同时远迁移也比常规组表现优异，而学习时间并没有显性改变。 相似文献
11.
研究采用问题解决作业单和认知作业分析法考察了71名高中生解决学科问题时的图式归纳和迁移情况。结果表明：（1）在问题结构相同的情况下，增加问题表面相似性能促进问题解决迁移；（2）近类比条件有助于同一学科领域问题的迁移，而远类比条件可能更有助于跨学科领域问题的迁移；（3）近类比条件下，图式归纳水平对学科问题迁移的影响不大，远类比条件下，较高的图式归纳水平有助于学科问题解决的迁移。 相似文献
12.
Timothy J. Nokes-Malach Kurt VanLehn Daniel M. Belenky Max Lichtenstein Gregory Cox 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(4):1237-1263
Research on expertise suggests that a critical aspect of expert understanding is knowledge of the relations between domain principles and problem features. We investigated two instructional pathways hypothesized to facilitate students’ learning of these relations when studying worked examples. The first path is through self-explaining how worked examples instantiate domain principles and the second is through analogical comparison of worked examples. We compared both of these pathways to a third instructional path where students read worked examples and solved practice problems. Students in an introductory physics class were randomly assigned to one of three worked example conditions (reading, self-explanation, or analogy) when learning about rotational kinematics and then completed a set of problem solving and conceptual tests that measured near, intermediate, and far transfer. Students in the reading and self-explanation groups performed better than the analogy group on near transfer problems solved during the learning activities. However, this problem solving advantage was short lived as all three groups performed similarly on two intermediate transfer problems given at test. On the far transfer test, the self-explanation and analogy groups performed better than the reading group. These results are consistent with the idea that self-explanation and analogical comparison can facilitate conceptual learning without decrements to problem solving skills relative to a more traditional type of instruction in a classroom setting. 相似文献
13.
《International Journal of Educational Research》1999,31(7):591-609
In a computer-based learning environment (the simulation of a company) multiple learning contexts were established. Additionally, the learners were provided with a problem-solving guidance. In a second learning environment based on worked-out examples, multiple examples as well as a guidance for example elaboration were employed. Multiple examples only proved to be effective in fostering transfer performance when they were combined with the respective supporting means. However, without additional support, learners were overtaxed by multiple learning conditions. As a result, transfer performance was comparatively low. In order to optimize the two learning methods, learning by problem solving should be combined with worked-out examples. Moreover, learners should be supported with additional supporting means, such as expert comments and “instructional elaborations.” 相似文献
14.
针对非线性多峰函数的优化问题求解困难,提出一种双种群进化策略快速收敛的算法。首先,对于该类最优化问题使用双种群随机变量作为变异算子,在两个不同的子群间并行进行进化,通过使用不同的突变算子策略,实现种群在求解空间具有尽可能分散地搜索的同时在局部也具有尽可能细致的搜索能力。通过子群重组实现子群间的信息交换,通过仿真实例可看出,该算法在非线性多峰值函数优化问题中,具有求解精度较高,收敛速度较快等特点。 相似文献
15.
Scaffolding is one of the critical features in a problem-based learning environment to address challenges associated with problem solving. While transfer of responsibility is considered as an ultimate goal in scaffolding that is adaptive and contingent, it is rarely studied and practiced. Thus, the purpose of this study was to inform a deeper understanding of one middle school teacher’s manner of soft scaffolding, which refers to just-in-time and contingent support, through teacher-student interaction to examine how transfer of responsibility was achieved. We investigated one middle school teacher’s forms of scaffolding during a problem of food systems and supply chains related multiple aspects of sustainability and social justice issues. Using conversation analysis, three discursive patterns in scaffolding emerged: (1) shifting patterns of turn-taking organization; (2) leaving room for the students to take responsibility by giving extended wait time; and (3) extending the discussion with different examples. The paper concludes with implications for PBL teachers and researchers.
相似文献16.
Empirical studies within a cognitive load framework have determined that for novice learners, worked examples provide appropriate levels of instructional guidance. As learners advance in specific subject domains, worked examples should be gradually replaced by practice problems with limited guidance. This study compared performance, both immediately post‐instruction and delayed, following instruction under different conditions: using example–problem pairs, using gradual fading of worked examples, and using pure problem‐solving. The study was conducted with employees of a financial services company in a classroom environment. Results indicated that the fading condition consistently outperformed the example–problem and problem‐solving conditions, and the advantage of this condition was enhanced, with statistically significant differences in performance, in delayed and transfer posttest performance. 相似文献
17.
提高学生的解题能力是初中数学教学的重点。初中数学习题灵活多变,解题方法多种多样,为促进学生解题能力更好地提升,教师会为学生讲解相关的解题思维。其中侧向思维是一种迂回思维,既能帮助学生更好地破题,又能简化解题步骤,提高解题效率,因此,教学中应结合具体例题,为学生讲解侧向思维的具体应用,给其以后的解题带来良好的指引。 相似文献
18.
学习者的认知结构对数学解题起着及其重要的作用,合理、完善、优良的认知结构能促进更有效地数学解题。主要探讨在数学解题的认知活动中,认知结构如何影响数学解题以及认知结构的一些特点,并针对如何培养良好的认知结构提出相应的对策。 相似文献
19.
This study compared the effects of worked example and problem‐solving approaches in individual or group work settings on learning to solve geometry problems. One hundred and one seventh graders from Indonesia were randomly allocated to four experimental groups using a 2 (problem‐solving vs. worked examples) × 2 (individual vs. group study) design. Performance measures on numeric and reasoning abilities using both similar and transfer tasks were collected. The results indicated a significant superiority of the worked example approach in both the individual and group work settings. Supporting data revealed that students could understand the material more easily using worked examples than when solving problems. The experiment provided evidence that the advantage of using worked examples over solving problems extends to a group work context. 相似文献