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1.
Sally Baricaua Gutierez Jinwoong Song Heui-Baik Kim 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2019,51(6):599-607
This paper discusses the emergence of science education in the seventeenth century with the influences of Joseph Priestley on the Dissenting Academies. Primarily, this paper analyses Priestley’s ideas from some of his letters to scientists during his time and his ideas from his books Miscellaneous Observations Relating to Education (1778) and the Essay on a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life (1765). As an expository essay, analysis shows that the inclusion of experimental science education dates back from the Dissenting Academies when they explicitly aligned science education for practical life. With Priestley’s advocacy on experimental learning in science, his idea of hands-on science education encouraged other dissenters to seek and understand the changing natural world. His advocacy states that knowledge and understanding of the natural world builds the foundation for rationally evaluating the developments derived from permissible scientific theories. Not setting aside religious studies, Priestley promoted a radical education which ended the restrictions to the privileged and powerful few so that it opened up the access of learning for everyone whose capacity may range from scientific, religious, political, or educational propensities. 相似文献
2.
Kevin de Berg 《Science & Education》2014,23(10):2045-2068
Both Lavoisier and Priestley were committed to the role of experiment and observation in their chemistry practice. According to Lavoisier the physical sciences embody three important ingredients; facts, ideas, and language, and Priestley would not have disagreed with this. Ideas had to be consistent with the facts generated from experiment and observation and language needed to be precise and reflect the known chemistry of substances. While Priestley was comfortable with a moderate amount of hypothesis making, Lavoisier had no time for what he termed theoretical speculation about the fundamental nature of matter and avoided the use of the atomic hypothesis and Aristotle’s elements in his Elements of Chemistry. In the preface to this famous work he claims he has good educational reasons for this position. While Priestley and Lavoisier used similar kinds of apparatus in their chemistry practice, they came to their task with completely different worldviews as regards the nature of chemical reactivity. This paper examines these worldviews as practiced in the famous experiment on the composition of air and the implications of this for chemistry education are considered. 相似文献
3.
Robert A. Davis 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2014,15(1):45-53
This paper offers a rehabilitation of the neglected eighteenth-century thinker and philosopher, Giambattista Vico (1668–1744), and defends the contemporary relevance of his construction of the wisdom of teaching. Reinventing the ancient traditions of European rhetoric, and reacting with great critical hostility to the pervasive educational influence of the thought and methods of Rene Descartes and his followers in the Jansenist movement, Vico’s major writings and public lectures sought to articulate a complete philosophy of education quite at variance with the styles of rationality and pedagogy favoured in the European Enlightenment. In his insistence on the key function of poetics, narrative, myth, religion, shared common sense, emotion, belonging and ritual in the formation of the educated person, Vico laid stress upon the role of the imagination and its nurture in the development of a properly enlarged and sympathetic rationality. With the implications for teaching methods, curriculum and the understanding and protection of the unique capacities of childhood, Vico has much to offer the philosophy and practice of modern education as it faces the multiple allures of hyperationality and the attenuated knowledge-economy account of its central aims and purposes. 相似文献
4.
申康秋 《绵阳师范学院学报》2012,31(6):45-48,68
卢梭是18世纪欧洲启蒙运动的杰出思想家,身处于法国封建社会行将崩溃的历史时期,对社会的关注和思考是其生活环境所使然,更是时代赋予他的伟大使命。由此,社会政治思想必然成为卢梭思想的重要组成部分,其中包含了诸多美学观念,从而形成了卢梭的社会美思想。本文立足于社会美的普遍意义,结合卢梭的社会政治学著作和文学名著,从哲学和文学两个不同层面论述卢梭的理想社会,进而深入探究卢梭的社会美思想。 相似文献
5.
Oliver Hochadel 《Science & Education》2007,16(6):525-537
While it is a commonplace in the historiography of electricity that itinerant lecturers and instrument makers were ‘somehow’ part of the ‘electrical flare’ of the 18th century, very little is actually known about them, about their background, their careers and their self-understanding. Yet, research focusing on these practitioners of experimental physics outside the established institutions can contribute immensely to our understanding of the scientific culture of the Enlightenment. The development of electrical machines, the supply for increasing demand for instruments and instruction, the creation of interest in electricity through public demonstrations, relied heavily on these men. Furthermore, these ‘scientific salesmen’ offered a perfect contrast, a foil for the natural philosophers from whom to distinguish themselves. Natural philosophers tried to discredit their extra-academic competitors, thereby forging their own image as serious, honest, truth-seeking, independent researchers. This essay focuses on this situation in the German Empire, tracing the steps of the itinerant lecturer Jakob von Bianchy on his way from court to college, from the workshop to the theatre, from Lake Como, to Vienna and Paris. 相似文献
6.
Kevin C. de Berg 《Science & Education》2011,20(7-8):805-830
This paper discusses the findings of a search for the intellectual tools used by Joseph Priestley (1733?C1804) in his chemistry, education, and theology documents. Priestley??s enquiring democratic view of knowledge was applicable in all three areas and constitutes a significant part of his lifework. Current epistemological issues in science education are examined from the point of view of the nature of theory and experiment as observed in Priestley??s writings and as espoused in modern philosophy of science. Science and religious faith issues in the context of science education are examined from the point of view of one??s understanding of sacred texts, and the suggestion is made that a Priestleyan model of ??the liberty to think for oneself?? and ??to hold knowledge with humility and virtue?? could prove helpful in dealing with the known divergent opinions in relation to science, education, and religion. 相似文献
7.
杨克瑞 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2006,10(6):12-14
森有礼是日本早期自由思想启蒙的重要人物,但在后来的教育改革中,他逐步走向了国家主义思想,这也深深影响了他对大学学术自由观的理解。这种国家主义的学术自由观在现实中与学术的真正自由时常发生冲突,并最终随着日本军国主义的覆灭而“坠落”。国家主义与学术自由如何走向统一,日本的发展给人们留下了深刻的教训。 相似文献
8.
Ian Munday 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2014,44(3):319-332
A common move in the study of creativity and performativity is to present the former as an antidote to the latter. Might we, therefore, see work on creativity in education as heralding an era of post-performativity? In this paper I argue that the portrayal of performativity in the literature on creativity presents an overly simplistic (vulgar?) understanding of what the former involves. In this literature, performativity is used to represent the tightening control over curriculum and pedagogy to meet externally imposed targets. Though this represents a ‘manifestation’ of performativity, it is not constitutive of it. During this paper, I contend that a vulgar or partial understanding of performativity is what leads writers to view creativity as its antidote. To demonstrate what is at stake here, I draw on Lyotard’s understanding of performativity. For Lyotard, performativity is a narrative in which effectiveness has usurped Enlightenment narratives of truth and justice and ultimately comes to shape our understanding of the world. During the paper, I try to show that the literature on creativity in education focuses on effectiveness, jettisons concerns with ‘truth’ and partakes in the nihilism of performativity. 相似文献
9.
梁景时 《通化师范学院学报》2010,31(6):43-50
约翰·洛克是欧洲哲学史上著名的哲学家,西方近代经验论的集大成者。他的思想是极其丰富的,从而为他赢得在欧洲哲学史上盛誉的是他的经验主义认识论思想。洛克在他的巨著《人类理解论》中系统地、深入地论述了他的经验主义认识论思想。洛克认识论形成的社会背景主要包括两方面。第一,15世纪中到16世纪西欧哲学——洛克经验主义认识论形成的历史追溯。第二,十七世纪的英国——洛克经验主义认识论形成的肥沃土壤。洛克作为英国经验论的集大成者,其理论的形成是在英国资本主义的飞速发展中成长起来的。洛克的认识论认为知识的确定性是贯穿洛克认识论的主线。洛克认为,探求明白的、确定的知识,仅靠对理性或观念的考察是不能获得的,还要转向对语言的分析与批判。洛克对知识确定性的探讨,目的在于对人生确定性的探讨。因此,文中把洛克的经验主义认识论的主要内容概括为：（1）认识主题能力的分析;（2）观念知识的探究;（3）语言的理解分析。洛克的经验主义认识论的影响主要体现在：（1）对近代英国经验论发展的影响。（2）洛克的经验主义认识论对十八世纪法国启蒙运动和十八世纪法国唯物主义发展的影响。（3）对德国古典哲学的影响。康德和费尔巴哈的哲学思想都不同程度地受到来自洛克经验主义认识论的影响。 相似文献
10.
梁景时 《通化师范学院学报》2010,31(7):46-49
约翰·洛克是欧洲哲学史上著名的哲学家,西方近代经验论的集大成者。他的思想是极其丰富的,从而为他赢得在欧洲哲学史上盛誉的是他的经验主义认识论思想。洛克在他的巨著《人类理解论》中系统地、深入地论述了他的经验主义认识论思想。洛克认识论形成的社会背景主要包括两方面。第一,15世纪中到16世纪西欧哲学——洛克经验主义认识论形成的历史追溯。第二,十七世纪的英国——洛克经验主义认识论形成的肥沃土壤。洛克作为英国经验论的集大成者,其理论的形成是在英国资本主义的飞速发展中成长起来的。洛克的认识论认为知识的确定性是贯穿洛克认识论的主线。洛克认为,探求明白的、确定的知识,仅靠对理性或观念的考察是不能获得的,还要转向对语言的分析与批判。洛克对知识确定性的探讨,目的在于对人生确定性的探讨。因此,文中把洛克的经验主义认识论的主要内容概括为：（1）认识主题能力的分析;（2）观念知识的探究;（3）语言的理解分析。洛克的经验主义认识论的影响主要体现在：（1）对近代英国经验论发展的影响。（2）洛克的经验主义认识论对十八世纪法国启蒙运动和十八世纪法国唯物主义发展的影响。（3）对德国古典哲学的影响。康德和费尔巴哈的哲学思想都不同程度地受到来自洛克经验主义认识论的影响。 相似文献
11.
文艺复兴为近代科学的产生提供了条件,启蒙运动则为之传播并提供了发展方向。托马斯.L.汉金斯的著作《科学与启蒙运动》,将十八世纪的科学放置在大的历史背景下再现并剖析,见解犀利而独到,为我们展现了一幅科学发展的真实画卷。 相似文献
12.
Veselina Lambrev Bozhin Traykov Anna Kirova 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2018,27(1):23-41
This article uses the case of Bulgarian, predominantly Roma, schools to illustrate the long history of stereotypes about Roma people dating back to modernity’s discursive binary oppositions of ‘civilized’ vs. ‘barbarians.’ The data from a longitudinal study with 12 Bulgarian educators showed the modes by which Roma as the Other is created in the school context as a universal cognitive category, internalized in social and individual identities that divide the world into ‘us’ and ‘them.’ The paper argues that Bulgarian teachers’ perceptions of attitudes, behavior, and values of Roma communities are, in fact, a projection of the discursive representations with which western European modernity has constructed the Balkan region. This research contributes to further explicating how the ideological paradigm of neoliberalism intersects with the old Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment dichotomy of civilized–barbarians and how it is reconfigured to construct those incapable of fitting within the entrepreneurial spirit of the free market efficiency as unwilling to democratize. The case of Bulgarian, predominantly Roma, schools serves to illustrate how peoples who are Othered in the western European discourse designate their own Other, and thus provides a fruitful approach to understanding how Roma’s social exclusion is constructed and situated. 相似文献
13.
Tonie L. Stolberg 《Science & Education》2010,19(6-8):679-692
This article examines what science education might be able to learn from phenomenological religious education’s attempts to teach classes where students hold a plurality of religious beliefs. Recent statements as to how best to accomplish the central pedagogical concept of ‘learning from religion’ as a vehicle for human transformation are explored, and then used to appraise the historical research into how Charles Darwin’s responses to religious ideas influenced and were influenced by his scientific work. The issues identified as crucial for science educators to be aware of when teaching students Darwinian evolution are then outlined and, finally, suggestions are made to enable individual students to examine how their personal religious beliefs might interact with their growing understanding of Darwin’s evolutionary approach. 相似文献
14.
Pádraig Hogan 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》1998,32(3):361-376
If Rome was for centuries the centre of power and influence for Christendom and the European world of learning associated with it, Brussels can claim to be such a twofold centre in the late twentieth century. The radical pluralism and postmodernist orientations which are now part of the Enlightenment legacy becloud the point that a new uniformity of belief and outlook—mercenary rather than spiritual—furnishes the context for most educational policy-making in European countries. Far from calling for a return to a patriarchal past, the paper attempts to sketch an understanding of education as a universally defensible practice, while addressing the challenges of both postmodernism and the new uniformity. 相似文献
15.
发展学生对科学技术的积极态度,是学校总课程的重要目标之一,相应地国外学者对中学生的科学技术形象作了深入的研究和探讨。本文通过梳理国外相关文献,从对科学技术的理解、对科学技术涉及的相关职业的认识、对科学家和技术人员的认识以及对科学技术的工作环境的认识四个方面对国外中学生科学技术形象研究进行了综述。在此基础之上,本文做了总结归纳,对今后我国在这方面的研究提出了一些建议。 相似文献
16.
刘莉 《忻州师范学院学报》2012,28(1):65-67
文章以改写理论为研究视角,将庞德的汉诗英译集《华夏集》置于其所产生的时代及文学背景中进行考察,分析改写理论的两大因素———意识形态和诗学对庞德的翻译行为所产生的影响,并得出结论,认为《华夏集》不能片面被视为一部"不忠"的译作,而是特定时期意识形态和诗学形态两大因素共同促成的一部改写作品,《华夏集》所体现的社会价值和文学功用,已大大超出讨论译作本身忠实与否的意义。 相似文献
17.
该文介绍了吕祖谦实学教育的概念及特点,接着分析了吕祖谦实学教育思想的基本内涵,最后论述吕祖谦实学教育思想对于新时期高职教育的启示,以便可以更好的推动我国高职教育向前发展。 相似文献
18.
Jürgen Renn 《Science & Education》2013,22(10):2569-2591
The paper reviews Einstein’s engagement as a mediator and popularizer of science. It discusses the formative role of popular scientific literature for the young Einstein, showing that not only his broad scientific outlook but also his internationalist political views were shaped by these readings. Then, on the basis of recent detailed studies, Einstein’s travels and their impact on the dissemination of relativity theory are examined. These activities as well as Einstein’s own popular writings are interpreted in the context of his understanding of science as part of human culture. 相似文献
19.
马生祥 《河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,27(2):146-152
王静斋生于天津,曾师从河北名阿訇海思福、马玉麟等。挂幛后,又曾在河北怀来县新保安村、大厂镇、安次县安育村清真寺传教并初试遵经革俗。他翻译伊斯兰教经典和著述,主编《伊光》报立论著文,把遵经革俗运动由护教扬教升华为抗日救国和弘扬民主,对抗日战争作出卓著贡献,深受全国人民爱戴。 相似文献
20.
黄岭峻 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2010,24(2):7-15
殷海光晚年是否成为一个基督教徒?对此,殷的亲友与学界一直存在不同观点。从殷氏1950年代的言论看,他一方面坚持科学态度,另一方面坚持启蒙精神,对基督教持拒斥与批评态度。而在1960年代,在哈耶克思想的影响下,他对科学和理性的态度有所保留,开始相信冥冥之中有一至高无上的主宰,但他并未将这一主宰归于基督教的上帝,而且他也未完全否定理性的价值,他的信仰事实上止步于一种自然神论。自然神论不等于基督教信仰,因此,可以肯定殷海光晚年并未成为一个真正的基督教徒。 相似文献